Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) (NSC# 600664; Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ) was studied in a phase I clinical trial in 33 patients with advanced, measureable cancer of the colon or malignant melanoma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status O-1, and no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The goal of the study was to identify a dose and schedule of IL-2 to generate maximal immune modulation with tolerable toxicity. Such a regimen might allow the addition of other treatment modalities and/or prolonged treatment duration in later trials. Each patient received IL-2 as a continuous 24-hour infusion once weekly for 4 weeks and then twice weekly for 4 weeks. Five treatment groups received from 10(3) U/m2 to 3 x 10(7) U/m2 per 24-hour infusion. The maximal tolerated dose was 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d twice weekly. Patients treated twice weekly at 1 x 10(7) and 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d had immune modulation in terms of lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, increased natural killer (NK) activity, and elevated numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing CD16, OKT10/Leu-17, and Leu-19 surface markers. Endogenous generation of peripheral blood lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was demonstrated by lysis of NK-resistant Daudi targets, in patients treated at 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d. Biochemical and hematological abnormalities were moderate and reversible. Clinical toxicity included hypotension, myalgia, arthralgia, stomatitis, fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, chills, diarrhea, and oliguria at high doses. Cardiovascular toxicity was tolerable for most patients and reversed after IL-2 was stopped. Two of six melanoma patients at 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d achieved partial responses by the end of the eighth week. This IL-2 schedule appears to produce potentially clinically useful immune enhancement with tolerable toxicity.
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PMID:A phase I clinical trial of recombinant interleukin-2 by periodic 24-hour intravenous infusions. 278 32

The authors performed a Phase I study to assess the toxicity and hematologic effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in seven children with advanced malignancies. The rIL-2 was given as a bolus injection of 1 or 3 X 10(6) U/m2/dose three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for 3 weeks. No life-threatening toxicity occurred with the dose of 1 X 10(6) U/m2 of rIL-2. At a dose of 3 X 10(6) U/m2, therapy had to be terminated due to cardiovascular toxicity in two patients. Toxic effects at low-dose rIL-2 included fever, nausea, vomiting, and mild hypotension. High-dose rIL-2 toxicity included fluid retention, increased creatinine, oliguria, elevated liver enzymes, and significant hypotension. Immunologic studies showed that rIL-2 caused a drop in the number of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells which returned to pretherapy levels or above by 24 to 48 hours. The rIL-2 exerted no growth or stimulatory activity on the leukemic cell population. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a Phase I study of IL-2 therapy in children.
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PMID:A phase I study of interleukin-2 in children with cancer and evaluation of clinical and immunologic status during therapy. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. 278 1

Two cases of acute renal failure associated with non-typhoid Salmonella infection are reported. Case 1: A 49-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of severe watery diarrhea and oliguria. Stool culture revealed Salmonella typhimurium. Laboratory data showed hyponatremia and acute renal failure. Hemodialysis was performed 3 times and renal failure was improved. Case 2: A 63-year-old woman was admitted with complaint of severe watery diarrhea, nausea, and fever. Stool culture revealed Salmonella E group. Septic shock appeared after admission, and anti-shock therapy was immediately carried out. Acute renal failure was cured without hemodialysis, even though multiple organ failure had occurred concomitantly. We discussed the management of patients with Salmonella infection, especially those with acute renal failure.
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PMID:[Two cases of acute renal failure associated with non-typhoid Salmonella infection]. 329 83

We report on a 67-year-old man with bilateral, synchronous, ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. He presented with bilateral flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting and oliguria. Bilateral hydronephrosis with upper ureteral filling defects was found on antegrade pyelogram. After urinary diversion with bilateral percutaneous antegrade drainages for 6 days, serum creatinine fell from 10.1 to 4.7 mg/dl. Exploration revealed bilateral upper ureteral tumors. Right nephroureterectomy and left ureterectomy with left nephrostomy were done.
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PMID:Obstructive uropathy caused by bilateral synchronous ureteral carcinoma: report of a case. 374 1

Severe renal failure caused by the mushroom Cortinarius speciosissimus was first recognised in 1972 and has been reported only from Scandinavia. In the summer of 1979 and following the consumption of the wild mushroom in Scotland, three previously healthy young adults developed the recognised features of cortinarius poisoning-namely, gastrointestinal upset after 36-38h, followed by nausea, anorexia, headache, rigors, severe burning thirst, muscle aching, and oliguria. One patient had a diuresis after 8 days and recovered completely. The two other patients did not present to hospital until 10 days after ingestion and severe renal failure had already developed. Both had a severe interstitial nephritis and neither recovered renal function. They were maintained on intermittent haemodialysis until they received renal transplants 9 months later. This form of mushroom poisoning has not so far been reported in the British Isles. With the increasing popularity of wild-mushroom eating, posters and publications on wild edible foods should contain warnings about the toxic nature of species of the genus Cortinarius.
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PMID:Poisoning by Cortinarius speciosissimus. 610 89

We report ophthalmological findings in 15 cases of nephropathia epidemica. The patients, 13 men and 2 women, were 20 to 62 (mean 30) years of age. The onset of the disease was characterized by high fever, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, backache, somnolence, red throat, proteinuria, and oliguria. The symptoms subsided rapidly during the polyuria stage. Transitory myopia occurred in 8 patients (53%). Conjunctival injection and haemorrhages were seen in 3 patients (20%). One patient had acute glaucoma with oedema in the cornea and shallowing of the anterior chamber, with subsequent anterior uveitis and haemorrhages in the ocular fundus, and another patients had acute glaucoma. Three patients had photophobia which occurred in 2 patients without any glaucoma or anterior uveitis.
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PMID:Ophthalmological findings in nephropathia epidemica in Lapland. 653 41

Patients with pain after operation received morphine hydrochloride intrathecally in doses of 0.02 mg kg-1 (n = 30) and 0.2 mg kg-1 (n = 30). The high-dose group showed slightly longer-lasting and more potent analgesia than the low-dose group. Sedation, decreases in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure, oliguria, nausea and urinary retention were more frequent in the high-dose group. Two patients of the high-dose group showed evidence of respiratory depression which appeared after a late change in posture (7 and 11 h). We conclude that postoperative analgesia with intrathecal morphine 0.02 mg kg-1 must be followed by a prolonged head-up posture and be performed in hospital units where the treatment of respiratory depression is competent.
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PMID:Postoperative spinal analgesia with morphine. 702 19

Untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity. Some features of this disease simulate preeclampsia, which may encourage delivery of the fetus. We report a case of poorly controlled hyperthyroidism associated with generalized seizures, where patient management was directed at a diagnosis of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Although the presence of eclampsia and marked hyperthyroidism is very rare, this case illustrates the importance of aggressive medical management of hyperthyroidism. A 17-year-old gravida was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism at 15 weeks' gestation. At 26 weeks' gestation, she was admitted to the hospital after noting edema of the upper and lower extremities, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and a cough. At admission, she was hypertensive, tachycardic, and dyspneic. The patient was believed to have preeclampsia with pulmonary edema complicated by hyperthyroidism. We initiated magnesium sulfate therapy and administered several bolus doses of hydralazine, with little effect on blood pressure. Oliguria was noted, and a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted. Hours later, generalized seizure activity occurred, and a decision was made for abdominal delivery. Postoperatively, cardiovascular function stabilized. On postoperative day 3, we received the results of the thyroid function tests obtained at admission, which suggested a markedly hyperthyroid condition. Untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism may present a clinical picture similar to preeclampsia. In our case, both disease processes coexisted in their severest forms. It is possible, although completely unproven, that a relationship exists between poorly controlled hyperthyroidism and preeclampsia-eclampsia. More importantly, accurate diagnosis of hyperthyroidism should lead to prompt medical or surgical management, thereby decreasing maternal and perinatal morbidity.
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PMID:Hyperthyroidism and seizures during pregnancy. 761 94

This report describes a patient with acute renal failure that resulted from the ingestion of djenkol beans. Features of acute djenkolism include nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain, gross hematuria, and oliguria. The blood urea level was 16.2 mmol/L and the serum creatinine was 460 mumol/L. Phase contrast microscopy of the urinary sediment indicated that the hematuria was nonglomerular. Ultrasound of the kidneys showed slightly enlarged kidneys with no features of obstruction. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis similar to the single animal study reported in the literature. With conservative therapy, which included rehydration with normal saline and alkalinization of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, the acute renal failure resolved. Based on its chemistry, djenkol bean-associated acute renal failure may be analogous to acute uric acid nephropathy.
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PMID:Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): an unusual cause of acute renal failure. 781 May 35

Posttraumatic arteriovenous fistulas affecting the superior mesenteric artery and vein are extremely rare. Twenty-four cases of posttraumatic superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistulas (SMAVFs) have been reported. We presented two cases of SMAVFs occurring in a young woman and man secondary to a gunshot and a grenade shrapnel wound in the epigastrium, respectively. Nausea, heartburn, emesis, and cramping abdominal pain were the clinical signs of SMAVF. Abdominal pains, particularly after meals, tense and meteoristic abdomen, frequent liquid bowel movements, oliguria, subfebrility, abdominal thrill, and bruit were also present. Abdominal duplex ultrasonic scanning and computed tomograms with a contrast agent were especially useful screening tools. As our results demonstrated, those methods were not only suitable for clinical use, but were also as good as arteriography in defining both the exact location and the extent of the mesenteric vessel involvement. However, the superior mesenteric arteriogram remains mandatory for complete preoperative evaluation. Arteriovenous fistulas were successfully treated by suturing the arterial and venous sides of the fistula in one case, and resectioning the fistula and end-to-end anastomosis in the other case.
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PMID:Advances in diagnostics and successful repair of proximal posttraumatic superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula. 786 58


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