Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the discriminant ability and responsiveness of the General Well-Being Adjustment Scale in patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of antihypertensive therapy. We also tried to translate the effects of physical symptoms on general well-being. This secondary analysis used demographic, clinical, physical symptom, and general well-being data for 545 white, male hypertensive patients. General well-being was measured by the General Well-Being Adjustment Scale (GWB) collected on 2 occasions over 8 weeks of treatment. Patients with any one of 14 physical symptoms or problems, compared to those without symptoms, had lower GWB scores (p < 0.003 to p < 0.0001). Decreases of 2.83-8.76 points in GWB scores were observed in patients developing physical symptoms over the 8 week study period (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001). These effects were demonstrated in patients developing cold sensitivity, sexual problems, chest pain, shortness of breath, loss of taste, nausea, hot or cold spells, numbness and tingling, dry mouth, blurred vision, and dizziness. We conclude that the GWB is responsive to clinically meaningful changes in symptoms and may provide a more complete evaluation of the effects of medical treatment. The GWB is a valid and responsive measure of health status outcomes in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment.
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PMID:Responsiveness and calibration of the General Well-Being Adjustment Scale in patients with hypertension. 773 Aug 42

In a noncontrolled study, 23 migraine headache patients were treated with intranasal instillation of 0.4 mL of a 4% lidocaine solution during attacks of varying intensities. Evaluated were pretreatment and posttreatment changes in pain intensity, nausea, and side effects. Posttreatment intensity ratings significantly improved over pretreatment ratings, as determined by a Sandler A analysis (0.077; P < .0005). Migraine attacks were aborted in 12 of 23 patients, of which 8 were completely relieved within 5 minutes. In no case did an aborted attack return to more than a dull level within 24 hours, as determined by follow-up telephone calls. A successful response of migraine attacks to lidocaine treatment was more apt to occur in patients having migraine solely, when compared to migraine patients who also had daily dull headaches; the difference was not significant. Unilateral attacks, however, were significantly more treatment-responsive when compared to bilateral attacks (X2 = 3.85; P = .05). Nausea, associated with migraine attacks in 6 of 12 responders, was similarly aborted by lidocaine in 5 of 6 patients. Other side effects included mild nasal and eye burning of short duration (seconds), and oropharyngeal numbness of approximately 20 minutes' duration. Despite the abrupt and absolute relief of migraine attacks afforded by lidocaine in most of our study patients, its level of efficacy awaits results of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Our findings raise new questions regarding the differential pathogenesis of migraine and cluster headache attacks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Rapid and sustained relief of migraine attacks with intranasal lidocaine: preliminary findings. 773 65

A phase I study of NKT-01 (deoxyspergualin), which is a derivative of an antitumor antibiotic, spergualin, was performed by a cooperative study group. NKT-01 was given intravenously by 3-h infusion. The effect of single administration was studied prior to evaluation of daily administration for 5 consecutive days. In all, 5 and 33 patients with various malignancies, including leukemia, were entered into the trials of single and daily administration, respectively. In the single-administration study, all patients were evaluable and no clear adverse effect was observed at doses ranging from 20 to 320 mg/m2. In the daily-administration study, 28 evaluable patients (16 men and 12 women; median age, 55.5 years) were treated with a daily dose of 20-500 mg/m2. Toxicities such as myelosuppression, mild nausea/vomiting, anorexia, alopecia, tongue and perioral numbness, and hypotension were observed dose-dependently during or after the treatment. Grade 2 leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were experienced at a dose of 500 mg/m2. These usually recovered to normal values by approximately 3 weeks after treatment. A pharmacokinetic analysis of single administration revealed rapid plasma clearance, with mean half-lives for the alpha and beta phases being 28 min and 6.9 h, respectively. Approximately 12% of the infused dose was excreted into the urine in unmetabolized form. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after 5-day administration were similar to those recorded after single administration. Concerning treatment response, a transient but significant reduction in the number of leukemic cells was observed in one patient with adult T-cell leukemia. In this study, perioral numbness, hypotension, and hematological toxicity were concluded to be dose-limiting, with the maximal acceptable dose being 500 mg/m2. The recommended dose for a phase II study of NKT-01 against solid tumors was judged to be 400 mg/m2 given daily by 3-h infusion for 5 days, every 3 weeks. In hematological malignancies, however, higher myelosuppressive schedules of administration should be investigated.
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PMID:Phase I study of NKT-01. 778 Nov 37

We conducted a multicenter Phase II study of BMS-181339 in patients with ovarian cancer. The facilities participating were 23 in number. The total number of cases registered for the study were 62; 57 of them entered for evaluation in drug efficacy, and 58 cases were evaluable in drug safety. All the cases were previously treated with chemotherapy including platinum-based drugs. The clinical responses of BMS-181339 were as follows: CR, 1 case; PR, 13 cases; MR, 3 cases; NC, 13 cases and PD, 27 cases. The response rate was 24.6% (95% CI: 14.1-37.8%). Histologically, the drug showed its efficacy on serous adenocarcinoma 28.2% (11/39), mucinous adenocarcinoma 20.0% (1/5) and clear cell adenocarcinoma 20.0% (1/5). In regional evaluation, the drug demonstrated its efficacy not only on endopelvic lesions 19.0% (4/21) and abdominal lesions 14.3% (2/14), but also on remote metastatic lesions such as hepatic metastasis 30.8% (4/13) and lung/pleura 33.3% (2/6). The drug also showed its efficacy on the cases 22.9% (8/35) refractory to the platinum-based drugs. Major adverse reactions were fever 63.8% (37/58), alopecia 59.3% (32/54), peripheral nerve disorders 28.1% (16/57) such as numbness of the extremities, nausea/vomiting 24.1% (14/58), arthralgia 20.7% (12/58) and diarrhea 20.7% (12/58) etc.. Abnormal alterations in laboratory test values were an incidence rates of 100% for both leukopenia and neutropenia. However, these symptoms were clinically manageable by transient withdrawal of medication, dose reduction and administration of antibiotics and G-CSF. In addition, decrease in hemoglobin 93.1% (54/58), decrease in platelet counts 31.0% (18/58), elevation in GOT 27.6% (16/58), in GPT 31.0% (18/58) and in LDH 20.7% (12/58) were seen, but no serious organopathy was observed. Thus, we confirmed that BMS-181339 was a clinically useful chemotherapeutic agent in patients with ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II study of BMS-181339 in patients with ovarian cancer. BMS-181339 Ovarian Cancer Study Group]. 794 92

Continuous epidural analgesia consisting of an opioid with or without a local anesthetic agent is a commonly employed technique for pain relief after thoracotomy. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the use of continuous epidural analgesia in 1,324 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy between 1987 and 1993. Epidural pain management was continued for 1 to 3 postoperative days. Patients experienced excellent pain relief, with mean visual analog pain scores of 2.4, 1.7, and 1.4 on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Side effects occurred most frequently in the first 24 hours postoperatively; the incidence of pruritus was 14.1%; nausea, 11.2%; hypotension, 4.3%; sedation, 3.3%; and numbness, 1.1%. Respiratory depression (< 8 breaths per minute) occurred in 1 patient who received 16 mg of supplemental morphine sulfate over a 2-hour period. The incidence of inadequate analgesia (a visual analog pain score of 7 or more persisting for 1 to 2 hours after an epidurally administered bolus) was 3.8%. The results from this study support the use of standard protocols for dosing guidelines, the treatment of inadequate analgesia, and the management of side effects. Daily evaluation by a team member of the postoperative analgesia services section of the Department of Anesthesiology enhances patient care and minimizes adverse effects.
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PMID:Postthoracotomy pain management using continuous epidural analgesia in 1,324 patients. 769 89

The estuarine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. produces exotoxin(s) that can be absorbed from water or fine aerosols. Culture filtrate (0.22 microns porosity filters, > 250 toxic flagellated cells/ml) induces formation of open ulcerative sores, hemorrhaging, and death of finfish and shellfish. Human exposure to aerosols from ichthyotoxic cultures (> or = 2000 cells/ml) has been associated with narcosis, respiratory distress with asthma-like symptoms, severe stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, and eye irritation with reddening and blurred vision (hours to days); autonomic nervous system dysfunction [localized sweating, erratic heart beat (weeks)]; central nervous system dysfunction [sudden rages and personality change (hours to days), and reversible cognitive impairment and short-term memory loss (weeks)]; and chronic effects including asthma-like symptoms, exercise fatigue, and sensory symptoms (tingling or numbness in lips, hands, and feet; months to years). Elevated hepatic enzyme levels and high phosphorus excretion in one human exposure suggested hepatic and renal dysfunction (weeks); easy infection and low counts of several T-cell types may indicate immune system suppression (months to years). Pfiesteria piscicida is euryhaline and eurythermal, and in bioassays a nontoxic flagellated stage has increased under P enrichment (> or = 100 micrograms SRP/L), suggesting a stimulatory role of nutrients. Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates have been tracked to fish kill sites in eutrophic estuaries from Delaware Bay through the Gulf Coast. Our data point to a critical need to characterize their chronic effects on human health as well as fish recruitment, disease resistance, and survival.
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PMID:Insidious effects of a toxic estuarine dinoflagellate on fish survival and human health. 852 74

In 184 adult patients with severe nonmalignant low back pain from postlaminectomy syndrome, temporary lumbar epidural catheters were infused with either 0.25% bupivacaine 92 mL, fentanyl 600 micrograms, and droperidol 5 mg (Group A), or 0.25% bupivacaine 92 mL, fentanyl 600 micrograms, and NaCl 0.9% 2 mL (Group B). Infusion rates ranged from 0.5 to 2 mL per hour, with an option for turning the infusion off when the patient had no pain and turning it on when the pain returned. Infusions were continued from 2 to 55 days, during which time the patient was at home. In Group A, only two patients had nausea without emesis, while in Group B, nausea occurred in 18 patients (P < 0.04) and four vomited (P < 0.05). The number of patients with headache, pruritus, somnolence, and/or numbness was minimal and without statistically significant group differences. During treatments, pain levels were 2 or less on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Added to the epidural infusate, droperidol appears to significantly reduce nausea and vomiting in ambulatory patients receiving fentanyl and bupivacaine in extended epidural infusions. The possibility that droperidol potentiates analgesic effects could not be evaluated.
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PMID:Reduction of nausea and vomiting from epidural opioids by adding droperidol to the infusate in home-bound patients. 853 96

The characteristics of hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) were studied in 508 patients who visited our hospital over 11 years. Information regarding symptoms and laboratory data was collected from the clinical records, and outcome was surveyed with a questionnaire mailed to all patients. Patients with acute HVS ranged in age from 5-85 years, and acute HVS was particularly prevalent among women in their late teens. Triggers of HVS included anxiety, nausea & vomiting, and fever due to the common cold. The primary symptoms were dyspnea and numbness, but these differed from the symptoms that appeared during a provoked attack, Half of the patients had no underlying disorder, but the others were suffering from neurosis, cardiovascular disorders, or other diseases. These characteristics of acute HVS did not differ from those seen in patients in whom the diagnosis of HVS was confirmed with arterial blood gas analysis. Half of the patients recovered without treatment, and the others underwent paper-bag rebreathing or intravenous infusion of sedatives. The prevalence of chronic HVS was 2% and almost all those patients were middle-aged women. In contrast, the questionnaire revealed that half of the patients had repeated HVS attacks. In 10% of the patients, these attacks persisted for more than 3 years. Many of these patients reported that they sighed frequently and felt air hunger while in remission. These findings were compatible with the criteria for chronic HVS. Therefore, it may be possible to diagnose HVS from symptoms alone, without hyperventilation provocation tests. In conclusion, these data underscore the importance of clinical symptoms in the diagnosis of HVS.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics and outcome of 508 patients with hyperventilation syndrome]. 853 89

1. A case of poisoning due to the raw root tuber of a Chinese medicinal plant, Alocasia macrorrhiza is presented. 2. The patient developed neurological (severe pain and numbness in the perioral area and throat) and gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) symptoms immediately after eating the root tuber. 3. A macrorrhiza has properties and morphology very similar to another medical plant. A. odora. The root tuber of the latter is known to contain a neurotoxin sapotoxin.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity following the ingestion of a Chinese medicinal plant, Alocasia macrorrhiza. 857 83

The pain in 286 cases of bone metastasis of cancer was treated with an analgesic decoction of herbal drugs in combination with the Acupoint Therapeutic Apparatus that generated low frequency electric impulses into the acupoints. This series of patients comprised 104 cases of medium pain and 182 cases of severe pain, which was practically or completely relieved in 17 or 29 minutes respectively after the treatment; the total effective rate was 74.2% for 212 cases, and the duration of analgesic effect lasted 2.7 hours to 5.2 hours, averaging 3.6 hours. The cases that needed considerable dosages of analgesic tablets or sedatives markedly reduced their requests of such drugs. Determination of bone marrow stem cells indicated that the herbal treatment produced effects of promoting and protecting the stem cells. The rate of lymphocyte transformation was 45-76% before the treatment and rose to 57-96% after the treatment, demonstrating an increase of 15.2%, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The analgesic effect of the decoction was not correlated to the age and sex of the patients or the variety of cancer, except that it was not effective for uterine carcinoma. The main side effects included nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and numbness of the tongue.
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PMID:The treatment of pain in bone metastasis of cancer with the analgesic decoction of cancer and the acupoint therapeutic apparatus. 870 5


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