Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty six children with candidiasis, aged between 5 months and 14 years, were treated with different formulations and regimens of ketoconazole. Fifteen children had alimentary tract candidiasis, two had oesophagitis, one had urinary tract candidiasis, two vaginitis, two septicaemia, one endo-ophthalmitis, and three had chronic pulmonary illness with persistence of Candida albicans in sputum. Daily drug doses ranged from 3 to 13 mg/kg and duration of treatment from seven days to 18 months. Pharmacokinetic studies in 22 of the children are reported. A total of 3 mg/kg/day given in three divided doses did not yield sufficiently high concentrations, which were achieved with a daily dose of 8 to 10 mg/kg. The effectiveness of treatment was proved by negative mycological tests (cultures or specific antibodies, or both) in 88%, by cure in 73%, and improvement in 11%. In three patients evaluation was not possible due to an insufficiently proved diagnosis. Nausea and pyrosis in four patients were the only side effects noted and no laboratory abnormalities were found. To achieve therapeutic concentrations of ketoconazole in children we suggest a daily dosage of 7 to 10 mg/kg in two or three divided doses.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole and treatment evaluation in candidal infections. 609 71

The results are reported from the treatment of 30 patients with the Bulgarian preparation biomet, which is a blocker of histamine H2-receptors. The treatment lasted 20 days with 3 X 20 mg biomet, after meals, and 400 mg in the evening before going to bed. Pains disappeared in 86,6 per cent with biomet treatment, pyrosis--in 95,8 per cent, eructation--in 95,3 per cent, nausea--in 84,7 per cent, vomiting--in 100 per cent of the patients, etc. (the clinical symptoms completely disappeared in 76,7 per cent after the treatment and were substantially reduced in 16,7 per cent). A statistically significant reduction of the basic parameters of gastric secretion and acid output occurred after biomet treatment as compared with the initial values. The fibroendoscopic study of the duodenal ulcer, after the treatment, revealed a complete epithelization in 52 per cent and diminished ulcer size--in 44 per cent. No pronounced adverse effects were observed during biomet treatment. The Bulgarian preparation biomet is fully equivalent to the English Cimetidine (the latter being more expensive) and should find a broad application in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:[Treatment of duodenal ulcer with biomet]. 614 53

Twenty-one children, age range 5 mo - 14 yrs, affected by candidosis, were treated with ketoconazole (tablets or suspension). Patients had alimentary tract involvement (12), oesophagitis (1), urinary tract candidosis (3), vaginitis (2), septicaemia (1), endophtalmitis (1) and chronic pulmonary illness with persistence of Candida albicans in sputum (3). Daily drug doses ranged from 3 to 13 mg/Kg and treatment period from 7 days to 14 months. Pharmacokinetic study in 15 children showed large individual variability of drug serum levels. Pharmacokinetic parametres, related to different schedules of the two ketoconazole formulations (tablets and suspension) are reported; drug levels after chronic administration are also evaluated. A daily dose of 3 mg/Kg of ketoconazole suspension, given in 3 administrations, did not result in sufficiently high levels, which indeed were obtained with a daily dose of 10 mg/Kg (3.3 X 3). The effect of treatment is proven by negativization of cultures in 90% of patients, by disappearance of clinical signs in 67% by improvement in 9%. The therapeutic effect on the remaining 24% (5 patients) is not evaluable. Adverse effects were only nausea and pyrosis in four cases; no laboratory abnormalities were found. A daily dosage from 7 to 10 mg/Kg, in two or three administrations, is suggested to obtain therapeutic levels in children.
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PMID:[Ketoconazole treatment of candidiasis in children: clinico-pharmacokinetic study]. 631 89

The results from the treatment with the preparation Zantac -Ranitidine of 30 patients with duodenal ulcers are reported. The treatment was carried out with 2 X 150 mg ranitidine daily for 20 days. As early as the second or third day after the initiation of the treatment, the pain disappeared in 96,6 per cent, the sense of heaviness and eructation -- in 100 per cent, pyrosis and palpation pain -- in 96,6 per cent an nausea - in 93,3 per cent. All indices of the gastric secretion (V, BAO, MAO and PAO) were reduced with a statistical significance after 20-day ranitidine treatment, as compared with the initial values. Epithelization (healing) of the ulcer was fibroendoscopically established in 73,3 per cent by 20th day, and by 40th -- in 93,3 per cent. The bigger ulcers were more slowly epithelized . Ranitidine was very well tolerated and gave no adverse effects. Better results, with a statistical significance, were obtained with ranitidine treatment of the duodenal ulcer, both as regards the effect on the subjective symptoms and epithelization of the ulcer as compared with the control group.
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PMID:[Treatment of duodenal ulcer with Zantac-ranitidine]. 632 71

The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving the symptoms of indigestion was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study in 48 adults. Each patient was treated for six episodes of indigestion, three episodes with bismuth subsalicylate and three with placebo. Volunteers took 30 ml when the symptoms first occurred and repeated the dose every half hour, as needed, for eight doses. The volunteers rated the severity of each symptom 15 and 30 minutes after each dose. Overall relief was achieved faster and in a higher proportion of cases in bismuth subsalicylate-treated episodes than in placebo-treated episodes. Bismuth subsalicylate provided greater and faster relief than placebo for nausea, sense of fullness, heartburn, feeling of abdominal distention, and flatulence, but not for upper abdominal pain.
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PMID:Evaluation of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving symptoms of indigestion. 636 7

Results with the use of a diaphragmatic graft in the surgical relief of achalasia are reported for 44 patients. The operative technique involves construction of a pedicle flap of diaphragm the size of the muscular defect on the lower segment of the esophagus and suture of the transplanted diaphragmatic pedicle to the site of the esophageal muscular defect. Immediate operative results were good; there was only one complication, a case of pneumonia that was cured. Patients were followed from 3 months to 19 years. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Excellent results were obtained in 39 patients; 3 patients still had nausea and heartburn, but were better than before operation. This procedure has three advantages: (1) it prevents occurrence of fistula and diverticulum at the site of the esophageal muscular defect; (2) it effectively eliminates formation of restenosis due to scar and reflux esophagitis; and (3) it allows the cardia to recover its normal function and the esophagus to return to normal size at the site of operation.
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PMID:Treatment of esophageal achalasia (cardiospasm) with diaphragmatic graft: report of 44 patients. 640 96

40 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the native physiological diet Nutro-Drip via nasogastric tubes for 10 days. Due to intolerance in 5% of the patients, the nutrition had to be interrupted. The other patients received 1500-2500 ml Nutro-Drip per 24 h (= 1605--2675 kcal = 6780-11300 J). Transient side effects were: diarrhoe 3,8%; nausea 0,8%; eructation and/or heartburn 1,1%; squeezing of the stomach 1,1%. In these patients nutrition with Nutro-Drip was not interrupted. The mean frequency of defecation was 0,81/day. There were no significant changes in body weight, serum electrolytes, water balance, blood sugar, liver enzymes, serum cholesterol, and acid-base balance during the feeding with Nutro-Drip. Immediately after surgery there was a statistically significant decrease in potassium, protein, and albumin levels in the serum with the tendency to normal values during Nutro-Drip feeding. During the postoperative period the urea content of the serum increased continuously without altering creatinin levels in the serum. Nutro-Drip seems to be very suitable for tube-feeding in patients with normal gastro-intestinal tract.
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PMID:[Trials with the native physiological tube-feeding diet Nutro-Drip after maxillofacial operations]. 679 1

The authors carried out an open noncomparative study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory therapeutic activity of piroxicam in 40 adult patients suffering from acute gout. The patients ranged in age from 28 to 68 years (the average age was 51.6 years) overall, 21 men and 19 women participated in the trial. All of the patients had their disease for more than one year and they were receiving treatment with Benziodarone, 100 mg per day when the drug was discontinued from clinical use in Brazil. All of these patients subsequently experienced aggravation of their disease and had an acute attack of gout. Each patient was given piroxicam, 40 mg, in a single dose on the first day and two divided doses of 20 mg for the following five days. The affected joints were: elbow, knee, ankle and hallux. Severity of pain at rest, severity of pain on movement, tenderness, swelling, redness, heat and restriction of movement were evaluated. By the sixth day of the trial, good or total remission was observed in all patients. Overall evaluation of efficacy showed excellent and good results in 81.6% of the patients. Tolerability was excellent and good in 92.5%. All adverse reactions that occurred during the use of piroxicam therapy were noted. Five patients showed mild side effects, such as pyrosis, nausea and headache, and two patients had severe side effects (skin rash, gastric disturbance) that necessitated withdrawal from therapy. Finally, statistical analysis demonstrates that piroxicam is highly efficacious in the treatment of acute gout.
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PMID:Use of piroxicam in the treatment of acute gout. 686 11

Over the last 2 years we have applied a therapeutic regimen with simultaneous use of cephalexin and bromhexine in therapy for infective exacerbations of COLD patients. The results obtained are positive. Bacteriologic features, the modification of sputum and, where possible, behavior of hematologic parameters and blood gases were checked. This pharmacologic combination appears to be useful in pneumology, as it yields very good results in obstructive chronic bronchitis in a bacterial relapsing phase and with alveolar hypoventilation linked to massive presence of endoluminal mucus. With the exception of two patients, in whom nausea and gastric pyrosis were observed, we observed no toxic or side effects of any kind, not even in subjects treated for a long time.
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PMID:Therapy for intercurrent respiratory infections in COLD patients: report on 200 patients. 686 31

Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin is a complex of the established nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) piroxicam and an inert cyclic macromolecule, beta-cyclodextrin. In clinical trials in patients with rheumatic diseases or pain arising from other conditions, it was as effective an analgesic as standard piroxicam, and showed a faster onset of action on the first day of treatment. In short term pharmacodynamic studies in healthy volunteers, piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin was equivalent to or tended to show less gastrointestinal mucosal toxicity than standard piroxicam, as assessed by endoscopy and faecal blood loss. However, no data are available on its comparative gastrointestinal mucosal effects from long term clinical trials using similar measures. Preliminary findings from a clinical study suggest piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin caused fewer gastroduodenal lesions than tenoxicam. As with other NSAIDs, the majority of adverse events associated with piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin in clinical trials were gastrointestinal in origin, with epigastric pain, heartburn and nausea the most common. Thus, piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin is an effective agent in patients with rheumatic diseases or other pain states. When rapid analgesia is required in the initial treatment of acute pain, the faster onset of action of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin may be an advantage over the parent compound; however, this is unlikely to be important during long term therapy. The results of further long term trials are awaited before firm conclusions can be reached regarding the gastrointestinal tolerability of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin compared with that of standard piroxicam and other NSAIDs.
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PMID:Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in rheumatic diseases and pain states. 753 98


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