Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this double-blind multicentre trial, 127 patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) who experienced gastrointestinal symptoms significant enough to warrant endoscopic evaluation, but without endoscopic evidence of mucosal damage, were randomized to receive cimetidine 400 mg b.d. or placebo for 4 weeks. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy was maintained at pre-trial doses for the duration of the study. After 4 weeks, 72% of cimetidine-treated patients experienced complete symptom resolution, as defined by a global symptom score of zero, compared with 49% on placebo. Complete disappearance of upper abdominal pain was achieved in 72% of the cimetidine-treated patients as opposed to 47% on placebo. Relief of heartburn was experienced by 87% of patients on cimetidine compared with 60% on placebo. Throughout treatment, the proportion of cimetidine-treated patients with nausea was consistently lower than in patients on placebo, while the two groups were similar with respect to disappearance of vomiting. At the completion of acute treatment, 27% of placebo-treated patients but only 12% of those on cimetidine were ineligible to continue maintenance due to persisting gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients who were symptom-free and required continuation of NSAID therapy were followed for 6 months during which they were re-randomized to receive cimetidine 400 mg nocte or placebo. Of the 105 patients included in this maintenance treatment phase of the study, 11% of the cimetidine-treated patients and 10% of those on placebo experienced relapse of symptoms. However, the mean time to relapse was 120 days with cimetidine compared with 35 days with placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of endoscopy-negative NSAID-induced upper gastrointestinal symptoms with cimetidine: an international multicentre collaborative study. 297 86

In 9 out of 11 subjects with upper digestive dyspepsia: pyrosis, nausea, emesis, bloating, with negative roentgenological findings, a radioisotopic test detected a delayed gastric emptying. The investigation was based on a 500 ml saline meal including lmCi (3.7 MBq) 113m In-DTPA. For the sequential detection of the radioactivity in front of the epigastric area a gammacamera was used. This was linked to a microcomputer processing the histograms of the curves and estimating the half-time of the gastric emptying (normal value 8-25 min). The results suggest the need for prokinetic drugs in the management of symptoms due to functional pathology.
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PMID:Delayed gastric emptying in rx-negative dyspepsia. 313 74

A multi-centre uncontrolled clinical trial was performed in 42 Italian hospitals to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of an instant suspension of naproxen, a well known anti-inflammatory drug. A total of 390 adults of all ages with musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases or minor traumatic injuries entered the trial. Patients received 500 mg naproxen instant suspension twice daily after meals, for 1-4 weeks. Assessment of signs and symptoms was made before starting the therapy, after 3 days and at the end of the treatment period. The drug produced a rapid and progressive relief of pain and articular symptoms in most patients and was equally effective in all the diagnostic sub-groups. The efficacy of treatment was 'excellent' or 'good' in about 85% of patients, 'moderate' in 10% and 'minimal' or 'absent' in about 5%. Almost 90% of patients had no side-effects; 5% were withdrawn because of unwanted effects. No correlation between incidence or intensity of side-effects and age of the patients or duration of therapy was observed. The complaints reported are common to other anti-rheumatic drugs, e.g. epigastric pain, pyrosis, nausea, vomiting and headache. In conclusion, naproxen instant suspension is highly effective and well tolerated.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerance of naproxen instant suspension formulation: a post-marketing survey. 328 24

Sixty-eight breast cancer patients for outpatient adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) on a 1-day schedule entered a randomized trial comparing the antiemetic-efficacy of different doses of methylprednisolone (MPN). Treatment was administered concomitantly with the first course of CT and consisted of MPN in either 375 or 120-mg doses divided into 3 equal parts, the first administered i.v. just prior to CMF and then i.m. 6 and 12 h after CT. Overall, antiemetic protection was appreciable: complete emetic protection (no emetic episodes) was observed in 71 and 66% of patients receiving MPN 375 and 120 mg, respectively. In 43 and 54% of patients receiving MPN 375 and 120 mg, respectively, nausea did not occur. Efficacy of the two treatment arms was not statistically different for either emesis or nausea. Antiemetic protection with MPN was reproducible over time at subsequent courses: 60% of patients in either treatment arm experienced less than 5 emetic episodes at their 12th CMF course. Facial flush was the most frequently observed side effect (36% with MPN 120 mg vs. 68% with MPN 375 mg). Other acute untoward effects consisted of headache, pyrosis, and edema. However, the latter was observed only with the higher dose. In patients receiving CMF, MPN alone provides effective and reproducible emetic protection. No dose-response relationship was observed.
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PMID:Methylprednisolone for the control of CMF-induced emesis. 329 35

An open clinical study of ofloxacin in respiratory tract infections was conducted with patients receiving daily doses of ofloxacin 300 mg, 400 mg or 600 mg. The duration of treatment was 6 to 14 days for 70% of the patients. Ofloxacin was effective in 668 of 828 patients analysed (80.7%). Of 293 patients with upper respiratory infections, the efficacy rate was 85.3%. In 535 cases with lower respiratory infections, ofloxacin was effective in 78.1%. It is noteworthy that a 70% efficacy rate was obtained in 80 cases with intractable chronic diffuse panbronchiolitis primarily associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no difference in the efficacy rate among various daily doses or severity of infections. In lower respiratory infections the bacterial eradication rate was 80.9% for Gram-positive aerobes (including 80% for Staphylococcus aureus and 76.5% for Streptococcus pneumoniae) and 72.1% for Gram-negative aerobes (including 92.6% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 32.3% for P. aeruginosa and 97.1% for Haemophilus influenzae). Although there were no serious cases, adverse reactions were noted in 46 of 843 patients (5.5%): 38 cases (4.5%) of gastrointestinal tract reactions (nausea, vomiting, heartburn, etc.), 4 cases (0.5%) of hypersensitivity (e.g. eruption) and 19 (2.3%) of central nervous system effects (e.g. dizziness). Abnormal changes in laboratory findings included elevations of AST (1.2%) and ALT (1.5%) and an increase in the eosinophil count (1.7%).
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PMID:Ofloxacin in respiratory tract infection. A review of the results of clinical trials in Japan. 332 61

In a double blind crossover comparison with placebo, the effects of cisapride (10 mg tid for two weeks), a non-antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetic drug, on gastric emptying times and on symptoms were evaluated in 12 patients with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Gastric emptying was studied by a radioisotopic gamma camera technique. The test meal was labelled in the solid component (99mTc-sulphur colloid infiltrated chicken liver). Nine symptoms (nausea, belching, regurgitations, vomiting, postprandial drowsiness, early satiety, epigastric pain or burning, heartburn) were graded weekly on a questionnaire. Cisapride was significantly more effective than placebo in shortening the t1/2 of gastric emptying (p2 = 0.04), but no significant difference was observed between the two treatments with regard to the improvement of total symptom score (p2 = 0.09). No side effects were reported during the study.
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PMID:Effect of chronic administration of cisapride on gastric emptying of a solid meal and on dyspeptic symptoms in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. 355 6

One hundred and seven consecutive patients with hematemesis and/or melena and a diagnosis of duodenal, gastric, or esophageal ulcers were interviewed immediately before or after endoscopy about the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and symptoms before the hemorrhage. If the patients admitted no symptoms of abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, or heartburn, they were classified as having no ulcer symptoms before the hemorrhage. Patients who had not taken NSAIDs during the last 48 h before the hemorrhage were classified as not having taken NSAIDs. Significantly fewer patients had ulcer symptoms in the group that had used NSAIDs than in the other group (p less than 0.01). This may be interpreted as a possible masking effect by NSAIDs on ulcer symptoms. Physicians and patients should be aware of this possible effect of NSAIDs.
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PMID:Symptoms in patients with peptic ulcer and hematemesis and/or melena related to the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. 387 76

A double-blind comparison of metoclopramide versus placebo was performed on 8 cirrhotic patients with nausea (8 cases) and heartburn (3 of the 8 cases) plus mild portal-systemic encephalopathy. As metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist and dopamine-inadequate neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma, this study was also designed to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on mental state. The study included basal, placebo, metoclopramide, and final periods; each period lasted for 2 wk. Throughout the study patients received 3 g/day of neomycin and an 1800-cal diet containing 40 g/day of mixed protein. During the placebo and metoclopramide phases patients received either two 10-mg metoclopramide capsules t.i.d. or identical placebo capsules. During the study, biweekly liver function tests and portal-systemic encephalopathy parameters were evaluated. A self-evaluation for the presence of nausea and heartburn was also obtained. To monitor the dopamine-blockade effect of metoclopramide, serum prolactin levels were measured. Metoclopramide significantly suppressed the subjective signs of nausea (7 of 8 cases) and heartburn (all cases). Serum prolactin levels were 22 +/- 21 ng/ml, 30 +/- 31 ng/ml, 110 +/- 57 ng/ml (p less than 0.01), and 18.6 +/- 2 ng/ml during basal, placebo, metoclopramide, and final periods, respectively. In spite of these signs of dopamine blockade, no deterioration in mental state, asterixis, electroencephalograms, blood ammonia levels, or psychometric testings were observed. In addition, no extrapyramidal signs were noticeable during any period of the study. One patient presented transient somnolence at the end of the metoclopramide period. We conclude that dopamine blockade is not associated with the appearance of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Metoclopramide is a safe and effective treatment for nausea and heartburn in patients with advanced liver disease.
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PMID:Successful administration of metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea in patients with advanced liver disease. A double-blind controlled trial. 388 9

The characteristics and the prevalence of functional bowel disorders in the general French population are unknown. Based on an epidemiological inquiry in a random population of 1,200 persons who were not seeking care, residents in our country we established: the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of functional bowel disorders; the epidemiological differences between symptomatic subgroups which included abdominal pain with or without bowel dysfunction, diarrhea and constipation. The amount of cases and the prevalence in each subgroup were: abdominal pain, 165, 13.8 p. 100, painless constipation, 75, 6.3 p. 100, diarrhea, 10, 0.8 p. 100. As a whole, functional bowel disorders occurred in 20 p. 100 of our population. The "irritable bowel syndrome" group defined as abdominal pain and/or diarrhea differ from normal subjects by the following higher frequency of age under 50, subjects in active duty, antecedents of diverticulosis, influence of stress on symptoms, nausea, vomiting, migraines, pyrosis and number of visits to a doctor. However neither the sex-ratio nor professional occupation were relevant. The constipation group differed from normal because of the higher frequency of female sex, antecedents of hiatus hernia, use of laxatives but not because of age nor by the number of associated symptoms. In conclusion, functional bowel disorders occurred in 20 p. 100 of our population; two subgroups were clearly different from an epidemiological point of view, the irritable bowel syndrome (13 p. 100) and constipation (7 p. 100); therefore these two groups deserve a specific physiopathological, psychological and therapeutic approach.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of intestinal functional disorders in an apparently healthy population]. 395 14

The complaints and dietary habits of sixteen patients with gastritis and fourteen with undefined abdominal pain were studied by recording method. The results showed that the symptoms of the patients with gastritis and undefined abdominal pain were similar and mostly postprandial and they can be regarded as local (abdominal pain, meteorism, discomfort and heartburn) and/or general (sweating, nausea and faintness). The patients have variations of the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods. The symptomatic patients with gastritis have significantly higher number of daily meals than the asymptomatic patients with gastritis. The daily intake of food, energy and nutrients are low especially in the symptomatic patients with gastritis. It is concluded that the symptoms experienced by the patients with gastritis or undefined abdominal pain are related to the eating so that the daily dietary habits are disturbed. The produced a low intake of food, energy and nutrients especially in the patients with symptomatic gastritis.
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PMID:The complaints and dietary habits of the patients with gastritis and undefined abdominal pain. 399 61


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