Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was based upon deceased patients in a geriatric university hospital with a high autopsy rate (81%). Of 6200 autopsied patients, 333 (5.4%) had had an active peptic ulcer; agonal and other acute erosions were not included. 257 cases were selected for the study (average age 83.8 yr). The diagnostic accuracy, and the symptoms of peptic ulcer in stationary, elderly, chronically ill patients were studied retrospectively. Only 16% of cases with duodenal ulcer and 29% with gastric ulcer had been correctly diagnosed antemortem. The clinical features of ulcer disease in the elderly may often differ from the standard presentation in younger people. Prior to death, appetite and weight loss, nausea/vomiting, anaemia and positive occult blood test had been more common among patients with ulcer, than abdominal pain and heartburn. The predictive values of single symptoms and of combined findings were low (range 2-21%), thus supporting observations from clinical practice that diagnosis is difficult in geriatric medicine. Prospective studies of ulcer disease in living elderly are needed.
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PMID:Peptic ulcer in geriatric long-term care medicine. 248 4

A total of 65 patients with food allergy which manifested primarily by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi and skin were placed under observation. The patients were administered sodium chromoglycate (nalcrom) per os in a dose of 200 mg 4 times a day for 2-3 weeks, in part of cases up to 3 months and even up to 1-1.5 year. The skin manifestations of allergy (pruritus, urticaria, Quincke's edema, and eczematous rash), abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bronchospasm, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis disappeared. At the same time the majority of the patients demonstrated the reduction of the intensity of skin responses to the administration of different food antigens, the decrease of the antibody titer in blood serum in response to food antigens, and of the IgE content in blood. The side effects (nausea, heartburn, intensification of skin itch and abdominal pain) were noted in 4 cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of patients with food allergy using Nalcrom]. 249 73

Ibuprofen, a commonly proscribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is also available in many countries, including the United States, without a prescription, is known to cause hemorrhage and erosion of the gastroduodenal mucosa. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of 200, 100, and 50 micrograms of misoprostol and placebo administered qid for 6 days, with a final dose on the morning of the 7th day, in the prevention of gastric and duodenal lesions induced by the concurrent administration of 800 mg of ibuprofen qid. A total of 120 healthy subjects with endoscopically normal gastric and duodenal mucosae were enrolled in the study. The endoscopic examination was repeated 2 h after the final dose on day 7, and the mucosae were graded on a 0 to 4+ scale. In the stomach, all three misoprostol groups were significantly more protective than placebo and did not differ significantly from each other. In the duodenum, the endoscopic scores of the 200- and 100-micrograms misoprostol groups, but not the 50-micrograms group differed significantly from placebo. The 200- and 100-microgram groups did not differ significantly from each other, but both differed from the 50-micrograms group for duodenal mucosal injury. Subjective symptoms thought to be primarily attributable to the NSAID (e.g., pain, indigestion/heartburn and nausea) were recorded by each subject in a diary. Subjects in the 200-micrograms misoprostol group attained the greatest degree of mucosal protection and had a significantly higher incidence of indigestion/heartburn and abdominal pain than the placebo group. One can conclude that misoprostol in both antisecretory (200- and 100-micrograms) and non-antisecretory (50-micrograms) doses protects the gastric mucosa from injury from high anti-inflammatory doses of ibuprofen (3200 mg/day). Only the antisecretory doses (100 and 200 micrograms qid) were effective in the duodenum, suggesting that acid suppression is necessary for mucosal protection to occur in the duodenum.
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PMID:A double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy and safety of 50, 100, and 200 micrograms of misoprostol QID in the prevention of ibuprofen-induced gastric and duodenal mucosal lesions and symptoms. 249 87

In an open study, the clinical efficacy of sulglycotide was tested in patients with non-ulcerous dyspepsia (NUD). Outpatients with dyspeptic symptoms of at least 3-months' standing were entered into the study; diagnosis was based on history, clinical findings and endoscopy. Forty-four patients could be evaluated after 8 weeks' treatment with sulglycotide (200 mg t.i.d. orally). Treatment results were checked endoscopically and on the basis of changes in subjective symptoms (heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial sense of fullness, eructations, regurgitation, all of which were quantified on an analogic scale from 0 = absent to 3 = intense). Treatment with sulglycotide led to marked and significant improvement of clinical symptoms of NUD (p less than 0.05 vs. baseline) and of macroscopic endoscopic findings recorded at entry. It is concluded that sulglycotide is a valid therapeutic choice for patients suffering from NUD.
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PMID:[Sulglicotide in non-ulcerous dyspepsia]. 252 69

In a double-blind study, 59 patients with chronic erosive gastritis received 50 mg of pirenzepine twice daily and 55 patients received 400 mg of cimetidine twice daily for six weeks. In both groups, days of pain, of heartburn, and of nausea per week were significantly reduced during treatment (P less than 0.01). After six weeks, 64% of the pirenzepine group and 62% of the cimetidine group were free of symptoms and endoscopy revealed healing of lesions in 78% and 80%, respectively. Differences between groups were not significant.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic erosive gastritis: a double-blind trial of pirenzepine and cimetidine. 269 20

A retrospective cohort study determined the risk and cost of gastrointestinal side effects associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for an at-risk period from January 1, 1985, through March 31, 1985. Overall relative risk, adjusted for sex and race, was 2.52 (95% confidence interval, 2.25 to 2.82) and varied from 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 2.91) for duodenal ulcer to 3.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.40 to 7.66) for gastrointestinal bleeding. After deleting cases with a history of steroid or anticoagulant use or an alcohol-related diagnosis, adjusted relative risk was 2.58 (95% confidence interval, 2.29 to 2.90) and varied from 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 2.89) for all other cases of peptic ulcer to 2.37 (95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 4.46) for disorders of stomach function. There was a bimodal distribution of expenditures of Medicaid-paid gastrointestinal side effects. Most patients had low hospitalization costs, but an important minority had high hospitalization costs. Median ambulatory treatment costs during the 3-month study period for persons with gastrointestinal side effects was $27 and varied from $14 for those diagnosed as having nausea, vomiting, or heartburn to $393 for those diagnosed as having gastrointestinal bleeding. Median inpatient costs were $2006 and ranged from $1487 for persons with nausea, vomiting, or heartburn to $2486 for those with duodenal ulcer. For patients who had undergone an inpatient surgical procedure other than endoscopy alone, median hospital costs were $7209. An approximately twofold increase in payment for the same services would be expected if private third-party payers were responsible for the bill.
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PMID:Risk and cost of gastrointestinal side effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 271 96

In this prospective study, we investigated the relationship between dietary practices and pregnancy discomforts among 50 urban black American women during their first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Subjects were interviewed during their regular prenatal clinic visits for information about their previous 24-hour dietary intake, the presence and severity of pregnancy discomforts occurring in the previous month, and pertinent demographic data. Findings indicated that high intake of meat products but low or no intake of vegetables was correlated with nausea, little or no intake of milk products was correlated with heartburn, and low or no intake of citrus fruit but intake of vitamin and iron supplements was correlated with heartburn, constipation, and sleeping difficulty. Replication of the study with a larger sample is warranted so as to provide further validity to the findings.
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PMID:Dietary practices and pregnancy discomforts among urban blacks. 280 80

Long-term results are presented in 60 patients (4 to 50 years old) who underwent a diaphragmatic graft procedure for relief of cardiospasm (achalasia) from 1962 through 1987. The operative technique involves construction of a pedicle flap of diaphragm. The muscular defect on the lower segment of the esophagus and the transplanted diaphragmatic pedicle that is sutured to the defect must be the same size. Immediate operative results were good. Only one complication developed, a case of pneumonia that was cured. The patients were followed up from 11 months to 25 years. Two patients were lost to follow-up, 55 had excellent results, and three patients still had nausea and heartburn but were better than before the operation. This procedure has three advantages: (1) It prevents the development of fistulas and diverticula at the site of the esophageal muscular defect; (2) it effectively eliminates both restenosis resulting from scar tissue and reflux esophagitis; and (3) it allows the cardia to recover its normal function and the esophagus to return to normal size at the site of the operation.
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PMID:Treatment of esophageal achalasia (cardiospasm) with diaphragmatic graft. Twenty-five years' experience. 292 62

A double-blind study was done giving 10 mg of copper/day as copper gluconate or placebo capsules for 12 wk. The seven subjects receiving copper gluconate had no change in the level of copper in the serum, urine, or hair. There was also no change in the levels of zinc or magnesium. There was also no significant change in levels of hematocrit, triglyceride, SGOT, GGT, LDH, cholesterol, or alkaline phosphatase. The side effects of nausea, diarrhea, and heartburn were the same in the subjects receiving copper gluconate and subjects receiving placebo capsules.
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PMID:Lack of effects of copper gluconate supplementation. 293 73

Analysis of clinical data obtained in a double-blind randomized study, which compared liquid antacid (neutralizing capacity 120 mmol per day) with 1 g cimetidine in the treatment of 125 patients with gastric ulcer, revealed that, before starting treatment, 71% of the patients complained of epigastric pain, approximately 50% of bloating, and approximately 30% of nausea, heartburn, constipation or vomiting. Epigastric pain before treatment was significantly more frequent in patients with large ulcers (P less than 0.05) and in patients with ulcers unhealed after 4 weeks of therapy (P less than 0.05). This finding was the result of a highly significant correlation between diurnal epigastric pain and ulcer size and delayed healing (P less than 0.005). Nocturnal pain did not correlate with prognosis. In contrast to this correlation between pain before therapy and healing, the disappearance of epigastric pain with therapy did not signify ulcer healing. Only 14 (38%) of the 37 patients with healed ulcer were free from pain after the 4 weeks of therapy, whereas 25 (49%) of the 52 patients with persistent ulcers had no pain at this time. Placebo pain tablets relieved ulcer pain effectively in more than 85% of the patients, irrespective of whether the ulcer was healing or not. The other symptoms (bloating, nausea, heartburn, constipation or vomiting) were also alleviated by 4 weeks of therapy but no correlation was found with ulcer size or prognosis. The loss of the prognostic significance of ulcer pain is probably due to a complex interaction of the trial schedule on the patient's level of consciousness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Loss of predictive value of gastric ulcer symptoms in a randomized treatment trial. 297 76


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