Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The feasibility of a combined chemotherapy using dipyridamole (DP) with adriamycin (ADM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was investigated. First, the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer tissues was determined by the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test, which showed sensitivity to ADM and 5-FU is increased by DP. Next, a clinical trial of combined therapy of DP, ADM and 5-FU, as a post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients, was performed. DP (50 mg) was given as a 1-h i.v. infusion, and ADM (20 mg) was given as a single i.v. injection. This treatment was started on post-operative day 10, and was repeated every 2 weeks. Simultaneously with these treatments, DP (300 mg) and 5-FU (150 mg) were administered post-operatively daily. A total of 63 courses of therapy in nine patients were performed. The adverse effects related to the DP infusion were flushing, headache, nausea and upper abdominal discomfort, all of a low grade. DP did not appear to alter the toxicity of ADM and 5-FU, and no severe adverse effect was noted for this combination therapy. The pharmacokinetics of DP were also investigated in five patients. The mean plasma concentration of DP increased 4.41 micrograms/ml and remained above 0.25 microgram/ml for over 6 h. This combination chemotherapy appears to be safe and may be useful clinically in treating cancer.
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PMID:Dipyridamole combination chemotherapy can be used safely in treating gastric cancer patients. 195 58

Forty-six women with breast cancer treated with adjuvant FAC (fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) entered a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial in which thiethylperazine (T) (6.5 mg p.o every 8 h x 3 days) plus methylprednisolone (MP) (250 mg i.v. x 2 doses) was compared with thiethylperazine plus placebo. Forty-four patients were evaluable for efficacy. T + MP was significantly better in reducing vomiting (p less than 0.01) and nausea (p less than 0.02). The complete protection rate against vomiting was 36% for T + MP compared to 18% for T + placebo, and the percentage of nausea grades 0 + 1 (none or slight) was 59% and 27% respectively. The patient preference after cross-over was strikingly in favor of T + MP (70% versus 13%) (p less than 0.001). The most important side-effects of T + MP were facial flushing (22%) and euphoria (27%). Other side-effects, such as dryness of the mouth and sedation, were common after both treatments. In conclusion, the study suggested that T + MP is superior to T alone in protecting from nausea and vomiting induced by FAC.
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PMID:The antiemetic efficacy of thiethylperazine and methylprednisolone versus thiethylperazine and placebo in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide). A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. 203 44

This randomized, double-blind study investigated the effect of ciprostene, a stable epoprostenol (prostacyclin) analog in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) characterized by ischemic ulcers. A total of 211 patients (106 ciprostene, 105 placebo) received IV infusions of ciprostene (120 ng/kg/min in 8-hour daily infusions for 7 days) or placebo. The two groups were comparable with regard to demographic data. Only 45% of the patients receiving ciprostene and 55% of the placebo patients completed the trial. The groups were similar in frequency of amputations, vascular surgery, and development of new ulcers. Among those who completed the trials an insignificantly higher percentage of patients receiving ciprostene had all ulcers heal completely. The reduction of ulcer size by at least 50% was higher in the ciprostene-treated group at month 4 (P = .005). Both ciprostene and placebo reduced the severity of a patient's rest pain. There was no difference in the ankle brachial index between the groups. Ciprostene induced a higher incidence of headache, nausea, and flushing during infusion when compared with the placebo group. The results confirmed inherent problems with studies in PVD, namely, scarcity of patients with ischemic ulcers, inclusion of severely ill patients leading to a high dropout rate, and a high placebo effect. Good tolerance and safety of ciprostene was documented in this patient population, and the therapeutic benefit was limited to partial reduction of ulcer size. Selection of patients with less advanced disease and a longer infusion of ciprostene may improve the clinical benefit of this agent.
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PMID:The effect of ciprostene in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) characterized by ischemic ulcers. The Ciprostene Study Group. 204 33

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between Antabus dosage and the disulfiram-alcohol reaction (DAR) after ethanol challenge. Fifty-two healthy volunteers, 29 men and 23 women, aged 20-61 years, were treated with increasing doses of Antabuse (1, 100, 200, 300 mg) for 14 days each. At the end of each 14 days the volunteers were challenged with 0.15 g ethanol/kg body weight. Blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, and symptoms such as flushing, heat sensation, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, breathlessness, and headache were monitored for the next 50 min. The volunteers left the study when they had experienced a valid DAR. A valid DAR, which was principally defined on the basis of the patients' feeling of discomfort, but for safety reasons also on the basis of unacceptable circulatory changes, was reached in 21 out of 52 volunteers after 100 mg Antabuse, in 27 after 200 mg, and in 4 after 300 mg. Most of them left the study after flushing and circulatory changes, but did not feel ill enough to be convinced that they should abstain from drinking. Ten volunteers with weak subjective symptoms, but with a valid DAR, were therefore rechallenged after the next increased dose and experienced a somewhat stronger reaction. We conclude that a daily dose of 200 mg Antabuse brings about a substantial reaction in volunteers in the presence of alcohol. The possible need for a 300 mg dose of Antabuse to prevent a patient from drinking was discussed.
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PMID:Dose-effect relationship of disulfiram in human volunteers. I: Clinical studies. 205 46

A cutaneous test has been applied in examination of the flushing response to ethanol and acetaldehyde in 402 Chinese of Han ethnicity. Using this noninvasive method, five response subtypes have been observed: (A) fast flushing to both ethanol and acetaldehyde; (B) fast flushing only to ethanol but not to acetaldehyde; (C) slow flushing to ethanol only; (D) no response either to ethanol or to acetaldehyde; (E) vasoconstriction to ethanol, or to both ethanol and acetaldehyde. A total of 94% in subtype (A) are reported to be flushers, while only 25% was reported in subtype (D). Other physiological responses, such as tachycardia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and nausea are less frequent after alcohol ingestion. The recent history of consumption of alcohol of the subjects in different subtypes was also obtained. Although alcohol-induced flushing is thought to be a deterrent factor to heavy consumption of alcohol, the frequency of drinking of alcoholic beverages was not found to be different between flushers and nonflushers.
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PMID:Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese. 208 31

Decisions regarding the use of and reimbursement for new medical technologies frequently involve complex cost-quality trade-offs. Among physicians, hospital administrators, and insurers, interindividual variation in the value of benefits attributable to these technologies often leads to conflicting opinions about their appropriate use. Although society now encourages patient involvement in such decisions, few methods for obtaining patient valuations have been developed and systematically applied. In order to assess patient valuations of a particular new technology, low osmolality contrast media (LOM), a survey of 100 outpatients was conducted. Participants were asked about their willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of this expensive medical technology. Of the 95 subjects who completed the study questionnaire, a majority were unwilling to pay the minimum extra per procedure cost of LOM ($50) in return for a reduced risk of minor side effects alone (pain, nausea, hives, and flushing). For a reduced risk of both major side effects (death, renal insufficiency, severe allergic reaction, and cardiac arrhythmia) and minor side effects, the median WTP was $50; patient income and education were directly associated with WTP $50 or more. We conclude that similar WTP surveys may be helpful in addressing other difficult cost-quality issues.
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PMID:Risk reduction from low osmolality contrast media. What do patients think it is worth? 210 85

Cyclosporine is known to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. In this study, we have used oral cyclosporine (6 mg/kg per day) given for 5 to 30 weeks to 24 patients for the treatment of 12 different dermatoses. Patients with the following diseases demonstrated a marked response or total clearing: 1 patient each with pyoderma gangrenosum, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, and psoriasis of the acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau type. Moderate to marked response occurred in both patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and the patient with hidradenitis suppurativa. Minimal to moderate responses were obtained in both patients with granuloma annulare, 1 of 2 with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, both patients with Darier's disease, and 1 of 6 patients with vitiligo. Little or no response was noted in both patients with sarcoidosis, all 3 patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris, 5 of 6 patients with vitiligo, 1 patient with pemphigus foliaceous, and 1 with pemphigus vulgaris. Clinical side effects were mild and transient and included dysesthesia, fatigue, hypertrichosis, nausea, and flushing. The most frequent clinically significant abnormalities were hypertension and renal dysfunction, with all factors normalizing within 1 month of discontinuation of cyclosporine therapy.
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PMID:Oral cyclosporine in the treatment of inflammatory and noninflammatory dermatoses. A clinical and immunopathologic analysis. 217 58

We performed phase I study of FK 435, a new antiestrogen, in 30 patients with advanced breast cancer. Slight to moderate adverse reactions were noted as follows. Single-dose study: anorexia, nausea, lassitude in one patient (80 mg), decreased serum calcium in one (160 mg), redness, tenderness in one, facial flushing, hot flushes, headache in one (320 mg). Repeated-dose study: anorexia, nausea in one patient (40 mg/day), anorexia, diarrhea, increased FSH in one, increased PRL in one (80 mg/day). FK 435 was well tolerated. Tmax was 3-5 hours, T1/2 about 25 hours. Most of FK 435 was excreted into urine as glucuronide.
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PMID:[Phase I study of FK 435]. 219 79

Seventeen patients with malignant hypercalcemia were treated with a combination of a single dose of 3-amino 1-hydroxypropylidene-1-bisphosphonate (APD [also known as AHPrBP or palmidronate disodium]) and salmon calcitonin given as suppositories for 3 days. To assess whether such a combined short treatment has a significant benefit leading to earlier normalization of the plasma calcium level than does APD alone, 17 additional patients matched for the type of tumor, initial plasma calcium level, urinary hydroxyproline level, and the dose of APD served as controls. All patients receiving the combination of calcitonin and APD achieved normalization of the plasma calcium level within 9 days, with a decrease from 3.22 +/- 0.90 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM) to 2.29 +/- 0.03 mmol/L. In the group receiving APD alone, the plasma calcium level normalized in only 14 of 17 patients by day 9. In the group receiving calcitonin and APD, the drop in the plasma calcium level occurred more rapidly, and the plasma calcium values were lower from days 2 to 4. This advantage was explained by the calciuric effect of calcitonin, as reflected by a significant decrease in the notional setting of renal reabsorption of calcium, reaching 2.16 +/- 0.06 mmol/L compared with 2.34 +/- 0.06 mmol/L in the group receiving APD alone. There were no side effects of both treatments, in particular neither flushing nor nausea induced by the suppositories of calcitonin. Clinical Improvement occurred after 2 days in the group receiving the combined treatment. In conclusion, the combined treatment is rapidly effective and safe in the treatment of patients with hypercalcemia, particularly when the notional setting of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium is increased and a rapid correction of the plasma calcium level is needed.
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PMID:Fast and effective treatment of malignant hypercalcemia. Combination of suppositories of calcitonin and a single infusion of 3-amino 1-hydroxypropylidene-1-bisphosphonate. 222 97

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is known to cause vasorelaxation and inhibit platelet aggregation by receptor-mediated mechanisms. While cyclic (c)AMP is known to act as a second messenger for platelet aggregation, vasorelaxation by hyperpolarization has been described only recently and may provide an explanation, in addition to stimulation of cAMP, for the PGI2 mechanism of action on blood vessels. When PGI2 is infused into healthy volunteers it reduces blood pressure only at infusion rates that also cause significant side effects, primarily nausea, emesis, flushing, diphoresis and restlessness. In hypertensive patients blood pressure responses are complex and are influenced to some extent by secretion. PGI2 stimulates renin secretion by a direct effect on the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and also has an indirect effect by activating the sympathetic nervous system. Thus it is useless as an antihypertensive agent even apart from its debilitating side effects. Vascular PGI2 is synthesized endogenously by both the endothelial cells and the muscularis of arteries. While the endothelial cells undoubtedly synthesize larger amounts of PGI2, the muscularis comprises a much larger tissue mass so that the overall synthesis is about equally distributed between the endothelial and muscle cells. In patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and some patients with essential hypertension, endogenous synthesis of PGI2 has been evaluated by measuring 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha and has proved to be defective. Some drugs (cicletanine, thiazides, propranolol) have been shown to stimulate PGI2 synthesis, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase has been shown to abolish their antihypertensive effects. Whether stimulation of PGI2 synthesis affects the antihypertensive efficacy of these drugs is not yet known.
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PMID:Prostacyclin in hypertension. 225 88


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