Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our follow-up of 250 gynaecology patients and 100 dental patients who had received anaesthesia for elective outpatient surgical procedures indicates: (1) The practice of outpatient anaesthesia in proper facilities with proper selection of patients appears to be safe. (2) There is widespread patient acceptance of surgery and anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. (3) Complications are frequent but minor. (4) Many of the complications may be minimized: (i) Adequate depth of anaesthesia preferably with a volatile agent will do away with awareness during operation. (ii) Methoxyflurane should be avoided to minimize late arousal. Volatile agents such as enflurane or halothane would seem to be preferable to intravenous agents. (iii) Post-fasciculation pain could be minimized by avoiding succinylcholine for short procedures like D & C and using adequate depth instead. For dental procedures requiring tracheal intubation, one could perhaps use non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, like pancuronium, with reversal at the end of the procedure. (5) Nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headache are complications that occur very frequently in all series reported and this is an area where more research is indicated.
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PMID:An evaluation of the anaesthetic techniques used in an outpatient unit. 87 44

This report is a case of intracranial neurinoma of the jugular foramen. A 21-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache, nausea, tinnitus on the left and deafness on the left. The neurological examination revelaed bilateral choked disc, Bruns Cushing nystagmus, hearing disturbance on the left, slight disturbance of vestibular function on the left, diminished gag reflex on the left, curtain sign on the left, loss of taste on the posterior third of the left side of the tongue, and deviation of the tongue to the left on protrusion, accompanied with atrophy and fasciculation on the left. Skull-XP showed the enlargement of the jugular foramen. Pneumoencephalogram showed the enlargement of the fourth ventricle combined with the superior, posterior displacement of it's floor. We confirmed the diagnosis of the jugular foramen neurinoma on the left. By suboccipital craniectomy a walnutsized tumor was disclosed at the jugular foramen. The tumor was encapsuled with smooth, thick capsule and was colored in dark rouge. This tumor was removed totally and the postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was neurinoma. We consider that this tumor originated in the ninth or tenth cranial nerve.
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PMID:[Intracranial neurinoma of the jugular foramen-a case report (author's transl)]. 124 Nov 11

A cross sectional survey on the prevalence of acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton farmers was conducted in 1987 and 1988. A total of 3113 pyrethroid spraymen (2230 men (71.6%) and 883 women (28.4%] were interviewed after spraying and followed up for 72 hours. Adverse effects of pyrethroid exposure were found in 834 of them (26.8%) manifested as abnormal facial sensations, dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, or loss of appetite. Only 10 subjects, who developed significant systemic symptoms and had signs of listlessness or muscular fasciculation, were diagnosed as having mild occupational acute pyrethroid poisoning with a prevalence of 0.31% in subjects exposed to pure pyrethroids and 0.38% in subjects exposed to pyrethroid organophosphate mixtures. Measurements of pyrethroid concentrations in the air of the breathing zone, in skin pads, and in urine samples showed that dermal contamination is the main route of exposure to pyrethroids in cotton growers. Preventive measures are recommended.
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PMID:An epidemiological study on occupational acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton farmers. 199 11

During May and June of 1985 the Health Protection Branch and several other agencies were involved in the investigation of over 300 reports of illness reported in the Vancouver area of British Columbia, Canada. Symptoms reported included nausea, vomiting, dizziness, muscle fasciculation and blurred vision. A review of the onset of symptoms and food consumed suggested that at least 140 people had become ill from eating cucumbers adulterated with a carbamate pesticide. The presence of residues of aldicarb in cucumbers from one particular producer was confirmed by laboratory analysis.
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PMID:Report of illnesses caused by aldicarb-contaminated cucumbers. 336 Feb 4

Forty patients were studied in a randomised trial to investigate the effect of pre-operative oral dantrolene on the increase of serum myoglobin and creatinine kinase due to suxamethonium administration. Twenty patients in the treatment group were given 1.5 mg/kg dantrolene orally 4 hours pre-operatively. Blood was drawn immediately pre-induction and 5, 10 and 20 minutes after suxamethonium 1.2 mg/kg administration, following which surgery could commence. Myoglobin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The increase in mean myoglobin values was greatly reduced following suxamethonium in the treatment group (10.6 micrograms/litre at 20 minutes) compared to the control group (54.8 micrograms/litre at 20 minutes), (p less than 0.01). Total fasciculation score was not significantly reduced by the dantrolene pretreatment. No increase in creatinine kinase values occurred in any patient and the changes in mean potassium values in both groups were negligible. The only side effect attributed to dantrolene was pre-operative nausea in two patients. No interference with the action of suxamethonium, or difficulty with reversal was noticed. Oral dantrolene may be almost as effective as pretreatment with non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs in preventing suxamethonium-induced increase in myoglobin with less interaction with other anaesthetic agents.
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PMID:Oral dantrolene prevents rise of myoglobin due to suxamethonium. 405 Nov 57

Pyridostigmine (PST), a cholinesterase inhibitor, induces a clear growth hormone (GH) release in man by suppression of hypothalamic somatostatin (SRIH). Somatostatin suppresses thyrotrophin (TSH) release in rats and men. Earlier studies showed that the thryotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced TSH response was not altered by 60-120 mg of PST. We studied whether a larger dose (180 mg) of PST can increase the TSH response to TRH. Six healthy young men were studied with the following six tests: (Test 1) 200 micrograms of TRH i.v.; (Test 2) 180 mg of PST po; (Test 3) three different doses of PST (60, 120, 180 mg) + TRH; (Test 4) 100 micrograms of octreotide (SMS) i.v.; (Test 5) SMS + TRH; (Test 6) PST + SMS + TRH. A large dose of PST (180 mg) significantly augmented GH, TSH and prolactin responses to TRH, while smaller doses of PST (60 and 120 mg) did not significantly increase the responses of GH and TSH. While the increased TRH-induced prolactin response by PST was not suppressed by SMS, the increased responses of GH and TSH were suppressed remarkably by SMS. Most of the subjects noticed a mild to moderate abdominal pain, nausea and muscular fasciculation after the administration of a large dose of PST administration. These data suggest that suppression of hypothalamic SRIH secretion by 180 mg of PST can augment the TSH response to TRH. However, the considerable side effects should be minimized before clinical application of the combined PST-TRH test.
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PMID:Combined pyridostigmine-thyrotrophin-releasing hormone test for the evaluation of hypothalamic somatostatinergic activity in healthy normal men. 758 70

This paper investigates the acute effects of carbofuran in workers of two pesticide-formulating plants. Mean airborne carbofuran concentrations ranged from 0.025 to 1.115 mg/m3 in plant A and from 0.018 to 0.067 mg/m3 in plant B, respectively. In workers of plant A the post-shift blood cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced, compared to pre-shift values. No difference in blood cholinesterase activity was found between pre- and post-shift values in workers of plant B. During the investigation, 25 cases of acute carbofuran poisoning were diagnosed by their clinical picture and depressed cholinesterase activity in blood. Usual symptoms included dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, nausea and sweating. Pallor, epigastric pain, vomiting and chest tightness occurred only in a few cases. Myosis was recorded in 24 cases. Fasciculation of muscle gastrocnemius induced by percussion was found in 6 cases, and four of them had also fasciculation of muscle orbicularis oculi. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity in the blood was related with the clinical features; however, the inhibition was rapidly reversible. In most cases, recovery was complete within 2-3 hours, with or without atropine treatment, after the subjects were removed from exposure. Rapid onset, mild illness and quick recovery are typical characteristics of occupational acute carbofuran poisoning.
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PMID:Acute effects of carbofuran in workers of two pesticide plants. 1021 31

Accidental or intentional ingestion of carbofuran can produce a life-threatening syndrome that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. This paper investigates unintentional carbofuran poisoning in farm workers. Thirteen patients were admitted to the emergency department with carbofuran poisoning between January 2002 and August 2004 (2 female, 11 male). The patients had been poisoned while mixing the liquid form of carbofuran with seeds. Their hands were red on admission. Complaints most commonly reported by the patients on admission were nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, dizziness and blurred vision. The most commonly observed signs were tachycardia, tachypnea, salivation, miosis, elevated blood pressure, and fasciculation. Three patients were agitated and one was lethargic on admission. We reviewed the patients' medical charts retrospectively, as well as the demographic data, intoxication route, clinical and laboratory presentations, and outcomes. We made the diagnosis according to a compatible exposure history and clinical findings. The most commonly observed laboratory finding was hyperglycemia, which was found in 6 patients. Serum pseudocholinesterase level was low in only one patient. All the patients were cured and discharged from the hospital in good physical condition. Rapid onset, mild illness and quick recovery are typical characteristics of acute occupational carbofuran poisoning. We conclude that public health efforts should educate farm workers about the dangers of pesticide application so that its threat can be diminished.
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PMID:Carbofuran poisoning among farm workers. 1635 64

Objectives A xenogeneic human tyrosinase DNA vaccine was developed for treatment of dogs with oral malignant melanoma (Oncept; Merial). No studies have evaluated the safety or efficacy of this vaccine in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the canine melanoma vaccine in cats diagnosed with melanoma. Methods Medical records were reviewed from cats diagnosed with malignant melanoma and treated with the canine melanoma DNA vaccine (Oncept). Data regarding signalment, melanoma location, treatments received, vaccine adverse effects and cause of death were collected. Results A total of 114 melanoma vaccines were administered to 24 cats. Seven cats (11.4%) had clinical adverse effects from a total of 13 vaccines classified as grade 1 or 2 based on the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group's common terminology criteria for adverse events v1.1. These included pain on vaccine administration, brief muscle fasciculation, transient inappetence, depression, nausea and mild increase in pigmentation at the injection site. Nineteen cats were deceased at study close. The most common cause of death was melanoma (14 cats). Hematological and biochemical changes were observed in six cats, five of which had concurrent disease or treatments that likely caused or greatly contributed to the laboratory abnormalities found. Therefore, these adverse events were considered unlikely to be caused by the melanoma vaccine. One cat had transient grade 1 hypoalbuminemia, which was possibly caused by the vaccination but not thoroughly evaluated. Conclusions and relevance The canine melanoma DNA vaccine can be safely administered to cats, with minimal risk of adverse effects.
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PMID:Safety of administering the canine melanoma DNA vaccine (Oncept) to cats with malignant melanoma - a retrospective study. 2668 47

Sarin is a highly toxic organophosphonate and neural enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Inhibition of AChE causes large accumulation of acetylcholine at synaptic cleft leading to hyper activation of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, causing excessive secretions, muscle fasciculation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress and neurological effects. There are cases in which long term psychomotor function deficiency, reduced learning and memory functions have been observed several years after exposure of sarin among survivors. This phenomenon is called Organophosphorus ester Induced Chronic Neurotoxicity (OPICN) and cannot be explained by AChE inhibition alone. Plasma proteomics at earlier stages was carried out to study changes reflected at blood level that can help predict possible neurological insults at an early time point to take proper therapeutic interventions against OPICN. In the present study, a 0.5 LD50 dose of sarin was administered to Wistar rats and possible changes in blood plasma proteomic profile were investigated after one and seven days of sarin exposure. Proteins were separated on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. Expression profile of major proteins was validated by Western blot. Result showed that after exposure of sarin inhibition of AChE persisted after one week of exposure. There were 14 plasma proteins that showed significant changes in expression (>1.5-fold). It included proteins related to immune function, neurodegenerative condition and chaperone function. Interestingly sarin exposure caused decreased expression of plasma Apolipoprotein A-1 and Haptoglobin on day seven, which are the putative early molecular markers for cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative changes.
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PMID:Increased expression of immune modulator proteins and decreased expression of apolipoprotein A-1 and haptoglobin in blood plasma of sarin exposed rats. 2677 79


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