Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The indication field of Nortase, a combination of microbial lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, comprises the replacement therapy of maldigestion and insufficiency of pancreas. Its efficacy and tolerance were tested in 100 patients in an open study under the conditions of general practice. During the 15-day treatment the following symptoms were evaluated: anorexia, flatulence, pressure and pain in the epigastrium, nausea after the meals, belching, pyrosis, the quality of feces and the body weight. 96% of the patients showed relief of the symptoms after treatment, 65% a therapeutic result ranging from very good to good. In 53% an improvement of the quality of feces was observed and 76% reached an increase in weight. 6 patients had some small side effects, in 1 case the treatment had to be interrupted. The altogether good results confirmed the results of former investigations on the acid stability and the high lipolytic activity of lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus.
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PMID:[Experiences with substitution therapy using a new pancreatic enzyme of plant origin]. 70 May 83

This study examined the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and dietary intake in triathletes. Fifty-five male triathletes (age 31 +/- 6 yrs) were surveyed regarding the most recently completed half Iron Man triathlon. Questions were asked regarding GI symptoms and dietary intake. Fifty-two percent complained of eructation and 48% of flatulence. Other symptoms were abdominal bloating, vomiting urge, vomiting, nausea, stomachache, intestinal cramps, and diarrhea. More symptoms occurred while running than at other times. All individuals who had eaten within 30 min of the start vomited while swimming. Fat and protein intake was greater in those who vomited or had the urge to vomit than in those without these symptoms. Of the former, 93% had consumed a hypertonic beverage. Forty percent of those who drank a hypertonic beverage and only 11% of those who drank an iso- or hypotonic beverage had severe complaints. Four of five individuals with stomachache had consumed a strongly hypertonic beverage. All subjects with intestinal cramps had eaten fiber-rich foods in the prerace meal; only 10% of those without cramps had done so.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complaints in relation to dietary intake in triathletes. 133 83

Motility-like dyspepsia, a clinical subgroup of functional dyspepsia, refers to the cluster of symptoms which suggests an underlying motility disturbance of the upper gut. Characteristic symptoms, in addition to upper abdominal pain or discomfort, are nausea, vomiting, early satiety, anorexia, postprandial abdominal bloating and excessive repetitive postprandial belching. Patients with concomitant symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are currently excluded from this clinical entity. Delayed gastric emptying of solids and/or liquids, postprandial antral hypomotility and antroduodenal incoordination, gastric myoelectrical arrhythmias and dysfunction of visceral afferents are the major alterations in upper gut sensorimotor activity which have been described. An empirical trial of medical therapy is warranted if there are no "alarm" symptoms at presentation. If symptoms are not relieved after 2-4 weeks, then investigations of the upper gastrointestinal tract, preferably by endoscopy, to exclude the presence of organic disease, is advisable. Management approaches are then reassurance, dietary manipulations and attention to psychosocial aspects. Prokinetic agents appear to be useful as short-term medical therapy in some patients, but optimum long-term treatment strategies, including the use of medications which may improve a diminished tolerance to gut distension, are not established.
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PMID:Motility-like dyspepsia. Current concepts in pathogenesis, investigation and management. 144 83

The most certain symptomatic manifestation of gallstones is episodic upper abdominal pain. Characteristically, this pain is severe and located in the epigastrium and/or the right upper quadrant. The onset is relatively abrupt and often awakens the patient from sleep. The pain is steady in intensity, may radiate to the upper back, be associated with nausea and lasts for hours to up to a day. Dyspeptic symptoms of indigestion, belching, bloating, abdominal discomfort, heartburn and specific food intolerance are common in persons with gallstones, but are probably unrelated to the stones themselves and frequently persist after surgery. Many, if not most, persons with gallstones have no history of pain attacks. Persons discovered to have gallstones in the absence of typical symptoms appear to have an annual incidence of biliary pain of 2-5% during the initial years of follow-up, with perhaps a declining rate thereafter. Gallstone-related complications occur at a rate of less than 1% annually. Those whose stones are symptomatic at discovery have a more severe course, with approximately 6-10% suffering recurrent symptoms each year and 2% biliary complications. The far higher rates of symptom development reported in a few studies raise the possibility that these incidence estimates may be too low. The best predictors of future biliary pain are a history of pain at the time of diagnosis, female gender and possibly obesity. The risk of acute cholecystitis appears to be greater in those with large solitary stones, that of biliary pancreatitis in those with multiple small stones, and that of gallbladder cancer in those with large stones of any number. Drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins may now be the treatment of choice in patients with gallstones who are suffering acute pain attacks. Persistent dyspeptic symptoms occur frequently following cholecystectomy. A prolonged history of such symptoms prior to surgery and evidence of significant psychological distress appear to be the best predictors of unsatisfactory outcome.
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PMID:Symptoms of gallstone disease. 148 6

Acute Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with dyspeptic symptoms but chronic infection has not clearly been shown to cause symptoms. To define further the role of H. pylori infection and gastritis in dyspepsia, we interviewed all patients about to undergo upper endoscopy, recorded the primary indication for endoscopy, noted the endoscopic findings, and obtained antral biopsies. Among non-ulcer patients there was a strong correlation of acute gastritis with H. pylori. Gastritis and H. pylori increased with age, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use correlated with normal histology. Neither H. pylori concentration nor gastritis grade correlated with gender, use of alcohol and tobacco, indication for endoscopy, or symptoms (epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, belching, heartburn, halitosis, and flatulence).
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PMID:Symptoms, gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori in patients referred for endoscopy. 851 92

Dopamine antagonists are effective anti-emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side-effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made. Ninety-five patients, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting due to a variety of oesophageal or gastric disorders, were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, three-part, parallel-group comparative study of controlled release metoclopramide 15 mg (Gastrobid Continus tablets, Napp Laboratories) given twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg or 20 mg given three times daily. Assessments for nausea, vomiting, reflux symptoms and adverse events were made on entry to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment regimes for a period of seven days, throughout which daily symptomatology and use of escape medication were recorded on a diary card. At the end of the treatment period, nausea, vomiting and reflux symptoms, adverse events and a global assessment of patients' symptom control were recorded by the investigator. Both controlled release metoclopramide and high and low dose domperidone significantly reduced symptoms of belching, flatulence, distension, heartburn, regurgitation, reflux, nausea and vomiting compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the three treatments in efficacy or in the number and severity of side-effects.
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PMID:A comparison of controlled release metoclopramide and domperidone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. 181 Mar 56

The relationship between the histologic severity of gastritis and associated symptoms was examined in 19 adult patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. At the time of gastrointestinal endoscopy, symptoms of dyspepsia were assessed by means of a linear analog scale. Gastric inflammation was quantitated with histomorphometric techniques. Symptoms such as epigastric pain, burping/belching, and nausea correlated with the degree of inflammation. These positive correlations suggest that the severity of the histologic gastritis contributes to the severity of symptoms. Therefore, utilization of a linear analog scale to assess symptoms may be a useful technique in evaluating the outcome of therapeutic trials of patients with symptomatic H. pylori infection.
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PMID:Relationship between gastric inflammatory response and symptoms in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. 186 92

Dyspepsia can be defined as the presence of upper abdominal pain or discomfort; other symptoms referable to the proximal gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, early satiety, and bloating, may also be present. Symptoms may or may not be meal related. To be termed chronic, dyspepsia should have been present for three months or longer. Over half the patients who present with chronic dyspepsia have no evidence of peptic ulceration, other focal lesions, or systemic disease and are diagnosed as having non-ulcer (or functional) dyspepsia. Non-ulcer dyspepsia is a heterogeneous syndrome. It has been proposed that this entity can be subdivided into a number of symptomatic clusters or groupings that suggest possible underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. These groupings include ulcer-like dyspepsia (typical symptoms of peptic ulcer are present), dysmotility (stasis)-like dyspepsia (symptoms include nausea, early satiety, bloating, and belching that suggest gastric stasis or small intestinal dysmotility), and reflux-like dyspepsia (heartburn or acid regurgitation accompanies upper abdominal pain or discomfort). The aetiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia is not established, although it is likely a multifactorial disorder. Motility abnormalities may be important in a subset of dyspepsia patients but probably do not explain the symptoms in the majority. Epidemiological studies have not convincingly demonstrated an association between Helicobacter pylori and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Other potential aetiological mechanisms, such as increased gastric acid secretion, psychological factors, life-event stress, and dietary factors, have not been established as causes of non-ulcer dyspepsia. Management of non-ulcer dyspepsia is difficult because its pathogenesis is poorly understood and is confounded because of a high placebo response rate. Until more data are available, it seems reasonable that treatment regimens target the clinical groupings described above. Antacids are no more effective than placebo in non-ulcer dyspepsia, although a subgroup of non-ulcer dyspepsia patients with reflux-like or ulcer-like symptoms may respond to H2-receptor antagonists. However, there is no significant benefit of these agents over placebo in many cases. Bismuth has been shown to be superior to placebo in patients with H. pylori in a number of studies, but these trials had several shortcomings and others have reported conflicting findings. Sucralfate was demonstrated in one study to be superior to placebo, but this finding was not confirmed by another group of investigators. Prokinetic drugs appear to be efficacious, and may be most useful in patients with dysmotility-like and reflux-like dyspepsia.
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PMID:Non-ulcer dyspepsia: myths and realities. 188 33

The prevalence of Campylobacter pylori infection as detected by histology was studied in 5 predefined groups of patients. The associated histologic and endoscopic findings were registered. Validity of CLO-test was tested against the histologic detection. The following groups of patients were studied: A) Non-ulcer dyspepsia (defined by one or all of three symptoms: heartburn, nausea/inappetence, halitosis/belching) B) control group (no specific symptoms, no ulcer, no history of gastric surgery) C) Duodenal ulcer D) Gastric ulcer E) Billroth I or II resection of the stomach. 200 patients were recruited for group A-C, in group D 134 patients and in group E 113 patients were studied. A mean prevalence of 60% was observed. Prevalence was highest in patients with duodenal ulcer (86%). In group D a prevalence of 65%, in A and E a prevalence of 54%, and in B of 40% were seen. The overall test sensitivity of the CLO-test compared against the histologic detection rate was 75%, the specificity 81%. Sensitivity was reduced in group A (69%) and E (53%) and in patients with inactive chronic gastritis (67%). In all groups patients with active forms of gastritis showed the highest prevalence of C. pylori infection. The specificity of the CLO-test was reduced in patients with duodenal ulcer (46%) and gastric ulcer (48%). Decreased specificity observed after therapy with histamin receptor (H2) blockers may explain this finding. The relationship of C. pylori infection with active types of gastritis or gastro-duodenal ulcer hints at a causal relation but is no definite proof of its etiologic role. The validity of the CLO-test seems questionable in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer or operated stomach.
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PMID:Prevalence of Campylobacter pylori as demonstrated by histology or CLO-test in different types of gastritis. A study in 5 clinically predefined groups of patients. 196 52

The safety and efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving the symptoms of gastro-intestinal distress due to excess ingestion of food and drink were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Of the 132 healthy adult volunteers who were encouraged to overindulge in food and drink during a simulated cocktail/dinner party, 91 (68.9%) experienced symptoms of gastric distress and of these 43 were randomly assigned to receive bismuth subsalicylate and 48 placebo. Subjects took the formulation as needed every 30-60 min, with a maximum of eight doses during the 24-h study period. Subjects who received bismuth subsalicylate had significantly superior relief (P less than 0.01) of the individual symptoms of nausea, sense of fullness, heartburn, eructation, stomach pain and flatulence, as well as superior overall relief (P less than 0.02). The time between the first doses of medication and the attainment of good or excellent relief was also significantly shorter (P less than 0.01) in the bismuth subsalicylate-treated subjects for the individual symptoms of nausea, sense of fullness, heartburn and eructation. There were no adverse reactions.
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PMID:The efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate in relieving gastro-intestinal discomfort following excessive alcohol and food intake. 225 58


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