Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new sulfonamide, sulfacytine, was compared in a double-blind study with sulfisoxazole for the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in 98 outpatients. Patients received either 4 gm. sulfisoxazole or 1 gm. sulfacytine daily for 10 days. Evaluation was made of the bacteriologic and clinical success within the period of treatment and at some point after treatment. Bacteriologic success, or reduction of urine bacterial count from 100,000 or more micro-organisms per ml. to 1,000 or less, was observed in 95 to 100 per cent of the patients in each group during treatment as well as at the post-treatment evaluation. Clinical success, or the abolition of dysuria and frequency of urination and the reduction of pyuria to less than 10 white blood cells per high power field, was observed in 75 to 85 per cent of the patients. Adverse reactions were rare, involving 1 instance each of headache, nausea and hematuria in the sulfisoxazole group, and drug attributability was only possibly established. Mild laboratory abnormalities occurred in each group, 2 cases each of decreased white blood count and 1 instance of a lowered hemoglobin in a patient in the sulfacytine group. The results of our study seem to indicate that sulfacytine is an effective drug for the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Sulfacytine: a new sulfonamide. Double-blind comparison with sulfisoxazole in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. 119 74

The objective of this investigation was to identify women's perception on normal and abnormal symptoms of pregnancy, puerperium and breastfeeding; its purpose was to assess the varying educational needs in the geographical area where a reproductive health education program will be implemented. 405 fertile females living in non-residential areas were interviewed in their homes. A predominantly pre-coded questionnaire was used; items related to reproductive health, preventable and susceptible to education were included. Symptomatology perceived incorrectly as normal: a) In pregnancy: Dysuria: 24 percent, genital hemorrhage: 15 per cent, absence of fetal movement: 23 per cent, did not know how to recognize preterm birth symptoms: 70 per cent. b) In puerperium: Increased quantity in lochia rubra: 17 per cent, fever: 22 per cent, fetid lochia: 28 per cent, and c) In breastfeeding: Breasts red and warm: 48 per cent, fever: 30 per cent, nipple fissures: 70 per cent. Symptomatology perceived incorrectly as abnormal: a) In pregnancy: Frequent urination: 17 per cent, morning nausea in the 1st trimester: 9 per cent, emotional instability: 21 per cent, Braxton Hicks contractions: 41 per cent, and b) Postpartum period: Decreased quantity in lochia rubra: 9 per cent, non-fetid lochia alba: 43 per cent, calostrum: 20 per cent. The assessment educational needs showed an inaccurate identification of abnormal and normal obstetric events; its frequency varied. It is essential that a pregnant woman be well informed and educated in order to preserve her own health as well as that of her unborn child. She must be able to recognize warning signs, take action and demand appropriate medical care. Health care personnel and health educators must be responsible for the promoting of maternal and child health during pregnancy.
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PMID:[Perception of common symptomatology during pregnancy, puerperium and lactation]. 188 26

Forty cancer patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 20). All had incapacitating pain unresponsive to the usual non opioid analgesic drugs. An epidural catheter was set up at the level of the most painful metamere, and made to pass subcutaneously so as to exit either in the supraclacicular fossa, or on the patient's flank. At T0, the patients were given 4 mg morphine hydrochloride diluted in 10 ml normal saline. Thirty min later, patients in the naloxone group (group N) were given a 0.4 mg bolus, followed by a constant rate infusion of 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1, of naloxone hydrochloride during 18 h. Patients in group P (placebo) were given normal saline instead. The degree of pain was studied with a visual analogue scale and analgesia was assessed by a clinician on a five point scale. These two parameters were obtained half an hour after the injection of morphine and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours later. At the same time, the patients were questioned about adverse side-effects: nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dysuria, urinary retention. Respiratory depression was assessed clinically and biologically (blood gas measurements at the afore mentioned times). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also measured. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in quality and duration of analgesia. Pain reached its lowest level 4 h after the injection of morphine, returning to half its original value at the 24th h. This was also true for the incidence of nausea (11 in group N, 5 in group P), vomiting (3 in both groups), and urinary retention (6 in group P, 5 in group N).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevention by naloxone of adverse effects of epidural morphine analgesia for cancer pain]. 205 46

Fifty patients with intractable pain, mainly of neoplastic origin, were treated by morphine through unidose drug delivery system. Criteria of selection of the patients and technical procedures are reported. Most common side effects are nausea and dysuria but can be effectively prevented. The most severe complications are leakage of cerebro spinal fluid with or without meningitis. The success rate at 20 days is 80% as well in pelvic pain as in subdiaphragmatic extra cephalic pain.
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PMID:[Intrathecal analgesia. Apropos of 50 cases]. 318 49

Negative pi-meson (pion) therapy employing dynamic scanning with a focused spot of convergent beams has been in use since 1981 at SIN. Three-dimensional conformation of the treatment volume to the target volume can thus be achieved. Following previously reported Phase I and Ib clinical trials, a Phase II trial was initiated with the goal of treating primary deep-seated tumors in a dose optimization schedule which included stepwise increase of total pion dose and of target volume. Patients with multicentric superficial bladder tumors who were cystectomy candidates were initially selected. Since then, more invasive cases have been treated. A graded scoring of acute tissue reactions was employed. Follow-up periods were from 10 to 20 months. The pion dose escalation ranged from 3000 rad (minimum) to 3600 rad (minimum) in 20 fractions over 5 weeks. The treatment volumes encompassed 190 cc for local to 1,820 cc for extended volume therapy. Treatment reactions ranged from a faint erythema and increase of bladder frequency to dry desquamation, mild nausea, moderate dysuria, and moderate proctitis or diarrhea with mucus. These reactions were closely related to treatment volume and site. One severe late cystitis has occurred in a patient treated with 2 courses of pions (4475 rad). Mild to moderate late proctitis has been seen in 4 patients. Ten of 13 bladder cancer patients had local control of disease while all 3 pancreas or biliary tract cancer patients had microscopic residual disease locally at time of death from metastasis. A total of 11 of 17 patients are thus clinically or pathologically free of local tumor to time of last observation.
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PMID:The Piotron: II. Methods and initial results of dynamic pion therapy in phase II studies. 391 63

Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in a randomized prospective study to compare standard surgical therapy for superficial bladder cancer to standard therapy plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Side effects of BCG have been tolerated well and include dysuria in 95 per cent of the patients, urinary frequency in 83 per cent, hematuria in 39 per cent, fever in 22 per cent and nausea in 22 per cent. Of 19 control patients 8 (42 per cent) had recurrent tumors in the followup period, compared to 3 of 18 patients (17 per cent) treated with BCG. One patient treated wih BCG had 2 recurrences, yielding a recurrence rate of 22 per cent in the group receiving BCG compared to 42 per cent in controls. When the incidence of recurrent tumors in matched intervals before and after entry into the protocol is compared, no change in the rate of tumor recurrence (p equals 0.726 chi-square) occurred in controls, whereas tumor recurrences were reduced significantly in the group treated with BCG (p equals 0.010 chi-square). The reduction in tumor recurrence in patients treated with BCG compared to controls is statistically significant (p equals 0.029 chi-square). Of 4 patients who presented with new bladder tumors remain free of tumor after BCG therapy, while 2 of 5 comparable control patients developed recurrent tumors. Intravesical and percutaneous BCG immunotherapy appears to decrease the rate of tumor recurrence in patients followed for 1 year.
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PMID:Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer. 699 13

From 108 cases of new daily persistent headaches, clinical or laboratory evidence was found suggesting extracranial or systemic infections in: 28 cases (25.9%) of gastrointestinal mainly Salmonella, 28 (25.9%) urinary Coli, 16 (14.8%) Streptococcal, 4 (3.7%) each of Epstein Barr virus or Toxoplasma, and 1 (0.9%) each of Herpes Zoster or pneumonia. A group of 26 (24.1%) showed high Proteus OX titer or clinical adenoviral involvement. All had normal neurological examinations plus selective negative neuroimaging or spinal taps. The mean headache duration was 13.8 days, and mean age 28.8 years. Prominent symptoms were fever in 37 (34.2%) cases, nausea/vomiting in 30 (27%) and vertigo in 17 (15.7%). Diarrhea, dysuria, and abdominal discomfort were rare. Headache was a solitary symptom in 36 (33.3%). The predominant sign was painful cervical lymphadenopathy in 61 (56.5%). These cases represent 1.2% of our 9060 neurology patients.
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PMID:Headache and painful lymphadenopathy in extracranial or systemic infection: etiology of new daily persistent headaches. 828 28

Cantharidin, known popularly as Spanish fly, has been used for millennia as a sexual stimulant. The chemical is derived from blister beetles and is notable for its vesicant properties. While most commonly available preparations of Spanish fly contain cantharidin in negligible amounts, if at all, the chemical is available illicitly in concentrations capable of causing severe toxicity. Symptoms of cantharidin poisoning include burning of the mouth, dysphagia, nausea, hematemesis, gross hematuria, and dysuria. Mucosal erosion and hemorrhage is seen in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Renal dysfunction is common and related to acute tubular necrosis and glomerular destruction. Priapism, seizures, and cardiac abnormalities are less commonly seen. We report four cases of cantharidin poisoning presenting to our emergency department with complaints of dysuria and dark urine. Three patients had abdominal pain, one had flank pain, and the one woman had vaginal bleeding. Three had hematuria and two had occult rectal bleeding. Low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation, not previously associated with cantharidin poisoning, was noted in two patients. Management of cantharidin poisoning is supportive. Given the widespread availability of Spanish fly, its reputation as an aphrodisiac, and the fact that ingestion is frequently unwitting, cantharidin poisoning may be a more common cause of morbidity than is generally recognized. Cantharidin poisoning should be suspected in any patient presenting with unexplained hematuria or with GI hemorrhage associated with diffuse injury of the upper GI tract.
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PMID:Poisoning from "Spanish fly" (cantharidin). 876 16

Serenoa repens (Permixon) has been available for several years for the treatment of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The drug is the n-hexane lipidosterolic extract of the dwarf American palm (also known as Serenoa repens) and is a complex mixture of various compounds. A number of pharmacodynamic effects have been demonstrated with the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSESR), suggesting multiple mechanisms of action including in vitro inhibition of both type 1 and type 2 isoenzymes of 5 alpha-reductase and interference with binding of dihydrotestosterone to cytosolic androgen receptors in prostate cells. In controlled clinical trials in men with BPH, oral administration of Serenoa repens 160 mg twice daily for 1 to 3 months was generally superior to placebo in improving subjective symptoms, such as dysuria, as well as objective parameters. The frequency of nocturia was reduced by 33 to 74%, while urinary frequency during the day decreased by 11 to 43% and peak urinary flow rate increased by 26 to 50% with Serenoa repens. Corresponding values for placebo were 13 to 39%, 1 to 29% and 2 to 35%. The only large comparative trial conducted to date, in which > 1000 men with moderate BPH were randomised to receive Serenoa repens 160 mg twice daily or finasteride 5 mg once daily for 6 months, demonstrated similar efficacy between the two drugs. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between treatment groups for improvement in patient self-rated quality-of-life scores and the primary end-point of objective symptom score; International Prostate Symptom Score improved by 37% with Serenoa repens compared with 39% with finasteride. In much smaller comparative trials, few significant differences were demonstrated between Serenoa repens and alpha 1-receptor antagonists, and larger randomised trials of adequate duration are required to better compare the clinical efficacy of these drugs. The most frequently reported adverse events in clinical trials with Serenoa repens have been minor gastrointestinal problems (e.g. nausea and abdominal pain). In conclusion, Serenoa repens is well tolerated and has greater efficacy than placebo and similar efficacy to finasteride in improving symptoms in men with BPH. Although there is a need for further comparative studies, particularly with alpha 2-receptor antagonists, available data indicate that Serenoa repens is a useful alternative to alpha 1-receptor antagonists and finasteride in the treatment of men with BPH.
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PMID:Serenoa repens (Permixon). A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia. 892 64

In drug development the move from tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) involved not only the loss of the direct receptor interactions responsible for the adverse side effects of TCAs, but also the ability to inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline. Selectivity for the single neurotransmitter, serotonin, may explain why SSRIs tend to be less efficacious than the TCAs, especially in more serious forms of depression. The advent of selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) has tended to confirm the idea that an action on both monoamine systems is important for maximal antidepressant efficacy. This paper reviews clinical trials comparing the new SNRI milnacipran with the SSRIs fluoxetine and fluvoxamine. A meta-analysis of the principal trials shows greater response rates (the proportion of patients with a decrease in symptom scores of 50% or more) with milnacipran (50 mg twice a day) than with fluoxetine (20 mg once a day), or fluvoxamine (100 mg twice a day) (milnacipran: 64%; SSRIs: 50%). Remission rates (the proportion of patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scores of 7 or below) were also higher with milnacipran than with SSRIs (39 versus 28%). In one study, in which 100 mg milnacipran was given once a day in the evening, the higher response rate obtained with fluoxetine appears to be largely attributable to an inappropriate milnacipran dosage regimen. Data from a pharmacovigilance database including all patients participating in clinical trials with milnacipran (n = 5732) showed that, compared with the SSRIs, milnacipran produced fewer gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, and less anxiety. Milnacipran was, however, associated with a higher incidence of headache, dry mouth and dysuria. The results of these studies suggest that milnacipran is superior in efficacy to SSRIs and is equally well tolerated. Milnacipran, therefore, appears to offer a therapeutic advantage over the SSRIs.
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PMID:Milnacipran and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depression. 892 26


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