Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical efficacy and tolerability of gastroprotected ferritin were assessed in children affected by iron deficiency and/or sideropenic anemia. Forty-seven children with iron-deficiency and/or sideropenic anemia were included in the study and were treated with gastroprotected ferritin at a dose of 4-5 mg/kg/day per os for 4 months. Only 33 children correctly completed the entire treatment cycle, achieving a marked improvement of blood parameters (increased Hb, accompanied by higher levels of sideremia and in particular ferritin, with a contemporary decrease in erythrocytic protoporphyrin and transferrinemia) and clinical symptoms, especially pallor, anorexia, debility, somnolence, hyperactivity, disturbed sleep and excessive sweating. Of the remaining 14 children, 9 failed to present for the planned control after the 4 months of therapy, 3 abandoned therapy due to difficulties of assumption and 2 because of intolerance phenomena, such as nausea and diarrhoea. In conclusion, gastroprotected proteoferrin is efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of iron deficiency in children.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the effectiveness of gastro-protected proteoferrin in the therapy of sideropenic anemia in childhood]. 228 21

Few advancements in postoperative pain control in children have been made despite longstanding inadequacies in conventional intramuscular analgesic regimens. While overestimating narcotic complication rates, physicians often underestimate efficacious doses, nurses are reluctant to give injections, and many children in pain shy away from shots. This study prospectively focuses on the safety, efficacy, and complication rate of intermittent intramuscular (IM) versus continuous intravenous infusion (IV) of morphine sulfate (MS) in 46 nonventilated children following major chest, abdominal, or orthopedic surgical procedures. Twenty patients assigned to the IM group had a mean age of 6.17 years and a mean weight of 23.0 kg. Twenty-six patients assigned to the IV group had a mean age of 8.74 years and a mean weight of 27.4 kg. The mean IM MS dose was 12.3 micrograms/kg/h while the mean IV dose was 19.8 micrograms/kg/h (P less than .001). Postoperative pain was assessed with a linear analogue scale from 1 to 10 (1, "doesn't hurt"; 10, "worst hurt possible") for 3 days following operation. Using the analysis of covariance (ANACOVA), nurse, parent, and patient mean pain scores in the IV group were significantly lower than those of the IM group when controlled for age, MS dose, and complications (P less than .007). Nurse assessment of pain correlated well with the patient and parent assessments (Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.6). Not only did IV infusion give better pain relief than IM injections, but there were no major complications such as respiratory depression. Minor complications in this study (nausea, urinary retention, drowsiness, vomiting, hallucinations, lightheadedness, and prolonged ileus) were not significantly different between IM and IV groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Postoperative analgesia in children: a prospective study in intermittent intramuscular injection versus continuous intravenous infusion of morphine. 230 87

In 1981 and 1982, two US citizens died from Japanese encephalitis (JE) acquired in China. In 1983, the Centers for Disease Control initiated an evaluation of a purified, inactivated, mouse-brain-derived JE vaccine produced and used in Japan since 1966. Two doses of this vaccine given 1-2 weeks apart evoked neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 8 in only 77% of recipients. After three JE vaccine doses administered 1-2 weeks apart, 99% developed titers greater than or equal to 8. When a third dose was given to 29 participants 6-12 months after the primary series, all developed titers greater than or equal to 16. Reported adverse reactions included injection site tenderness (18%), erythema (6%), or swelling (3%); headache (9%); and dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, nausea, chills, fever, or lower back pain (less than or equal to 5%). On the basis of this study, three doses of BIKEN JE vaccine are recommended for US citizens who may be at risk of exposure to JE virus.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the potency and safety of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in US inhabitants. 232 39

Eleven healthy male subjects of normal body weight received either 60 mg of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FXT) or matching placebo daily for two weeks, with a minimum one month wash-out period between treatments. Subjects attended on days 1, 8 and 15 from 08.50 h to 15.15 h in each treatment period when food and fluid intake, body weight, pulse and blood pressure, pupil diameter and plasma levels of FXT and NorFXT were measured and visual analogue scales (VAS) for subjective ratings of hunger, satiety, thirst, mood, arousal, nausea and gastric discomfort were completed. The trial was of a double-blind randomised crossover design, each subject acting as his own control. FXT reduced food intake by 15.7 per cent on day 1; by 12.6 per cent on day 8 but not on day 15. Hunger ratings were lowered by FXT on days 8 and 15 but not on day 1. Subjects were less thirsty when taking FXT but there was no concomitant reduction in fluid intake. FXT produced some mydriasis and slowed heart rate. In two weeks treatment with FXT there was a statistically significant weight loss of 1.07 kg compared to a mean weight gain of 0.15 kg on placebo. The incidence of reported side effects was low, drowsiness and stomach discomfort were reported by some subjects on days 8 and 15.
 ...
PMID:The effect of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on food intake and body weight in healthy male subjects. 236 13

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and side-effects of sublingual buprenorphine, a synthetic opioid agonist antagonist, with those of subcutaneous morphine. Fifty ASA class 1 patients were included in the study after having given their informed consent. Caesarean section was carried out under epidural block with 0.5% bupivacaine; no opioids were used during the procedure. The first dose of opioid was given 2 h after the first dose of bupivacaine. Patients were randomly given either 10 mg morphine (n = 25) or 0.4 mg buprenorphine (n = 25), followed by the same dose every 6 h for 36 h. When analgesia was insufficient, tablets containing dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol were given. No attempt was made to blind the study to the patient, but the investigator assessing pain was unaware of the drug given to the patient. Pain intensity was assessed before, and 2 h after each dose of opioid with a 100 mm visual scale, as well as systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, heart and breathing rates, and SpO2. Side-effects (pruritus, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness) were also noted. In 2 patients in each group, the protocol was stopped before the 36th h, but after the fourth dose, either because of side-effects, or at the patient's request. Results were similar in both groups of patients, whether for degree of pain relief, or physiological effects. There was no clinically detectable respiratory depression. Duration and intensity of episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation, and the incidence of nausea, were similar in the 2 groups; pruritus was more common in the morphine group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: sublingual buprenorphine versus subcutaneous morphine]. 237 54

A study was undertaken to investigate the use of fentanyl by aerosol for postoperative analgesia. Seven patients had placebo, six received fentanyl 100 micrograms and seven were given fentanyl 300 micrograms. A significant improvement in postoperative pain, as assessed by linear visual analogue scale, was achieved in the higher dose group, and in both fentanyl groups the time to alternative analgesia was significantly longer than in the control group. Serum fentanyl levels after inhalation of 100 micrograms reached a plateau around 0.04 ng/ml and after 300 micrograms at around 0.1 ng/ml after 15 minutes. Inhaled fentanyl may have a useful analgesic effect despite these low serum levels; this supports the hypothesis that the mode of analgesia from inhaled opioids may be different from that after other routes of administration. There were no adverse effects such as respiratory depression, bronchospasm, nausea or drowsiness.
 ...
PMID:Inhaled fentanyl as a method of analgesia. 208 70

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel groups, placebo-controlled acute study of Rynatan (8 mg chlorpheniramine tannate, 25 mg pyrilamine tannate, 25 mg phenylephrine tannate) in 104 volunteers with allergic rhinitis. Subjects reported to City Park on a Saturday morning during the height of the grass pollen season in late spring and remained in the park for eight hours that day and on the following day. Cards were completed hourly to evaluate symptoms of allergic rhinitis and adverse experiences caused by therapy. The first three cards completed on Saturday morning were used to demonstrate that each subject had had at least minimal symptoms of allergic rhinitis and to determine baseline symptoms. Rynatan or placebo was given at noon and 7:30 PM that day and at 8:30 AM the next day. Subjects completed symptom cards hourly until 4:30 PM on Saturday, three cards that evening, and eight cards hourly the next day until 4:30 PM. The group receiving Rynatan had significantly more allergic rhinitis symptom relief than the placebo group (P = .003). More subjects in the Rynatan group (34/52) reported global symptom improvement than did subjects in the placebo group (18/52, P = .002). There were no significant severe adverse experiences and no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in incidence or severity of drowsiness, dizziness, jitteriness, headache, or nausea. We conclude that Rynatan is safe and effective in treating acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis in otherwise healthy adult subjects.
 ...
PMID:Randomized, double-blind, parallel groups, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety of Rynatan in the treatment of allergic rhinitis using an acute model. 240 33

This randomized, double-blind study compared epidural (EP) and intramuscular (IM) morphine in 24 healthy parturients for 24 h after cesarean section. The 11 EP subjects received 5 mg of EP morphine and normal saline intramuscularly, and the 13 IM patients received 5 mg of IM morphine and normal saline epidurally. Both injections were given simultaneously just after delivery and then upon request with at least 30 min between each pair of injections. Blood pressure, visual analogue scale pain score, somnolence score, and presence of nausea, vomiting, or pruritus were assessed every 30 min for 1 h after each dose and then hourly. Oxyhemoglobin saturation (Spo2) and respiratory rate (RR) and pattern were monitored continuously with pulse oximetry and respiratory inductive plethysmography. The EP group had significantly lower pain scores (less pain) than the IM (0.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.3 +/- 1.3; mean +/- SD; P less than 0.001) with less morphine (0.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.6 mg patient-1 h-1; P less than 0.001). There was no difference between groups for RR, Spo2, incidence or frequency of slow respiratory rate (SRR, 5-min mean RR less than 10) and apneas (AP, greater than or equal to 15 s of less than 100 ml tidal volume), incidence of nausea and/or vomiting, pruritus, or hypotension, and hours asleep or drowsy. There were no major respiratory abnormalities. During control monitoring of nine EP and 11 IM subjects while asleep postoperatively, the RR, Spo2, and incidence and frequency of SRR and AP were similar to the study period in both groups. In conclusion, EP morphine was a more effective analgesic than IM morphine, but the side effects of both were similar.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of epidural and intramuscular morphine in patients following cesarean section. 240 43

In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with flupirtine in patients with chronic pain, in particular arthrosis and arthritis, a study was planned which, when completed, will encompass the treatment of 200 patients over a 12-month period. The present paper is a preliminary report of this ongoing study. The report deals with 104 patients: 55 of whom completed the 12-month treatment period and a 2-week follow-up phase, during which flupirtine was replaced by placebo in order to be able to detect drug-withdrawal effects. Forty nine patients withdrew from the study. Most of the patients were suffering from degenerative rheumatic arthrosis or inflammatory rheumatic arthritis. The average daily dosage was 300 mg. The incidence of drop-outs was highest in the first months with hardly any patients withdrawing in the last six months. Fifteen patients dropped out because of side effects (dizziness, nausea, sleep disturbances, and headache). Ten patients dropped out because of ineffectiveness, seven because of side effects plus ineffectiveness, and three because of side effects and other reasons. The remaining 14 patients dropped out because of other or non-medical reasons. For the 55 patients who completed the study, the analgesic took effect within 45 minutes to 2 hours, the duration of effect was 4-6 hours. Three-quarters of the patients responded to the drug, one-quarter did not. The analgesic effect remained constant during the 12-month treatment, as did the average number of capsules taken per month. There was no evidence that tolerance developed. The most frequent side effects were drowsiness (9% of patients), dizziness (11%), dry mouth (5%) and pruritus (9%). The withdrawal symptom scale completed every month during treatment (to determine baseline values) and every day throughout the 2-week placebo post-treatment phase showed no changes in the median. The mean value increased during the withdrawal phase, however, indicating that the symptomatology was more pronounced in some subjects. After withdrawal, the non-specific symptoms increased to a greater extent than symptoms from the opiate scale. The symptoms were present throughout the withdrawal phase. If the withdrawal phenomena had corresponded to the flupirtine's terminal half-life, then the symptoms ought to have been present mainly in the first few days. There was a slight trend for lowering systolic blood pressure but no changes in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate, nor changes in the ECG or laboratory analysis that could be related to flupirtine. These preliminary data suggest that flupirtine is safe when given for a period of one year.
 ...
PMID:On the adverse reactions and efficacy of long-term treatment with flupirtine: preliminary results of an ongoing twelve-month study with 200 patients suffering from chronic pain states in arthrosis or arthritis. 245 18

Twenty-five patients with pain due to advanced cancer were randomized to receive patient-controlled sc injections (PCIs) of hydromorphone (HM) versus continuous sc infusion (CSCI) of HM by means of a Pharmacia 5200 pump. Each self-injection of HM during PCI was equivalent to 4 hours of CSCI. After 3 days, a crossover occurred, and patients received the alternate treatment for 3 days. During both phases of the study, patients could request extra doses of HM from their nurses. In 22 patients able to be evaluated, pain intensity (visual analogue, 0-100 mm) at 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. was 31 +/- 23 and 28 +/- 18 mm, respectively, on PCI versus 28 +/- 18 and 27 +/- 17 mm, respectively, on CSCI [P = not significant (NS)]. The total dose of HM was 168 +/- 197 and 181 +/- 234 mg on PCI and CSCI, respectively (P = NS). No significant difference was found in nausea, drowsiness, or number of hours of sleep. The total number of extra doses of HM was 6 +/- 7 on CSCI versus 2 +/- 3 on PCI (P = .007). At the end of the study, patients chose PCI and CSCI in seven and 10 cases, respectively (P = NS; 5 patients expressed no preference). We conclude that both methods were similar in regard to effectiveness and toxic effects in short-term hospital use.
 ...
PMID:Patient-controlled subcutaneous hydromorphone versus continuous subcutaneous infusion for the treatment of cancer pain. 245 10


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10