Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period from September 8 to October 2, 1970, 44 of the 120 children and 78 of 141 adults questioned at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital experienced gastroenteritis characterized by nausea, vomiting, and fever and/or chills. Diarrhea was rare in children (4.5%) and common in adults (74%). The median duration of illness for children, 18 hours, was significantly shorter than the 48 hours for adults. All viral and bacterial cultures of 30 stool specimens were negative for viruses and bacterial pathogens. A retrospective survey of 28 ill employees revealed a secondary attach rate of 46% of 76 family contacts. A bacteria-free filtrate prepared from stool swab specimens of 2 ill adults by a team at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases was administered orally to 3 adult volunteers. One of the 3 vomited and had 4 watery diarrheal stools on the third post-inoculation day. Diarrheal stool filtrates from this person were then given orally to 8 others; 1 became ill. Although the epidemiologic features point to the respiratory route of infection, the probably successful serial transmission of disease via bacteria-free stool filtrates through 2 generations of volunteers also suggests that the "Denver agent" is a virus-sized particle that replicates in the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Epidemic acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital. 116 30

The introduction of dinoprost tromethamine (Prostin F2 Alpha) as an abortifacient in the second trimester of pregnancy represents the first clinical use of a prostaglandin. Various synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring derivatives are being employed investigationally in the treatment of peptic ulcer, hypertension, asthma, and hypercalcemia. In the United States, dinoprost tromethamine is primarily administered intra-amniotically. Despite the fact that a substantial number of patients experience allergic reactions, hypertension, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea, the efficacy and relative safety of dinoprost tromethamine establish it as superior to intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic saline. Cervical laceration, laceration or rupture of the lower uterine segment, retention of the placenta, and hemorrhage in part reflect the intensity of uterine contraction induced by dinoprost. Experience in administration improves the therapeutic response and diminishes adverse reactions.
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PMID:The prostaglandins. 117 7

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of purine synthesis, was evaluated for its therapeutic and adverse effects in 29 patients with psoriasis. MPA was administered orally for at least 12 weeks, during which time the daily dose was increased from 1600 to 4800 mg depending on occurrence of adverse reactions. Complete clearing occurred in 1 of the patients, almost complete clearing in 14, definite improvement in 13, slight or doubtful improvement in 1. The full effect of MPA required a median time of 8 weeks (range 5-14). After discontinuing MPA, relapses began at a median time of 4 weeks (range 3-8). The severity of psoriasis was scored on a 0 to 108 scale using a newly devised system. The mean severity and range before treatment was 47 (21-88); after 12 weeks, 15 (0-50). Adjustment of dose on the basis of side effects resulted in a median daily dose of 3600 mg (range 2400-4800 mg; 30-96 mg/kg ideal weight). Characteristic dose-limiting side effects were soft or frequent bowel movements, diarrhea, nausea, and anorexia. One instance of reversible, dose-related leukopenia was identified.
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PMID:Treatment of psoriasis with oral mycophenolic acid. 119 17

The cases of 166 children, up to 6 years of age, who swallowed oral contraceptives are studied. 26 of the children showed symptoms, mostly vomiting, 10-15 hours after ingestion. Nausea, diarrhea, and psychic disturbances were also attributed to the contraceptives. The causal relationship had not yet been established for cases of a swollen face epixtaxis, swelling of external genitals, and red spots on the face. It is noted that children who took more pills often had fewer or no symptoms, and that laxatives increased the incidence of vomiting. Stomach irrigation elimated symptoms completely. No severe poisoning occurred in these children, some of whom had taken up to 20 tablets.
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PMID:[Children's accidents by ingestion of contraceptives (author's transl)]. 121 16

A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto-infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death.
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PMID:Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis. 122 84

The utility and side effects of sustained-release lithium carbonate (Priadel) in a once-per-day dose regimen was investigated with 66 male delinquents, ages 17-24 years, in a double-blind study comparing the antiaggressive effect of lithium carbonate with placebo. Serum lithium levels and symptoms were determined weekly for up to eight drug-free and 12 on-medication weeks. Average daily doses of 1500-1700 mg Priadel gave 24-hour serum lithium levels in the range 0.7-0.9 mEq/liter. Principal side effects were polyuria and shakiness, with other important side effects bring hand tremor, dryness of mouth, nausea, and weakness. No lithium toxicity was observed, and diarrhea was reported infrequently. Placebo response data are presented.
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PMID:Sustained-release lithium carbonate in double-blind study: serum lithium levels, side effects, and placebo response. 126 38

Out of 399 human faeces examined during the first eight months (1975) for the presence of NCV vibrios, one vibrio parahaemolyticus strains has been isolated from a man with acute gastro-enteritis (gastric and abdominal pains, nausea, diarrhoea, headache, general weakness), after having a meal with salted caviar. The strain belongs to Heiberg's group VII and Sakazaki's subgroup I. The virulence tested on chick embryo is 3 times higher (LD50 = 14 germs) if compared with the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus control strain (Sakazaki's strains). First isolation in Romania from a human stool (patient with acute gastro-enteritis).
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PMID:Morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, isolated in Romania from acute gastro-enteritis. 127 98

Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays absorption of carbohydrate in the gut, thereby lowering postprandial glucose levels. Safety data on this drug have been gathered in a series of studies on animals and in extensive clinical trials in humans. Although an initial long term feeding study in rats showed an excess of renal tumours at very high dosages of acarbose (up to 300 mg/kg bodyweight daily), further evaluation with similar studies in rats, hamsters, and dogs indicated that the problem was related to carbohydrate malabsorption. With adequate glucose intake and in gavage studies, no difference in tumour incidence between placebo- and acarbose-treated groups was seen. From 1976 to 1989, safety data on acarbose were obtained in approximately 8800 patients in 2 separate groups of clinical trials, the Bayer International Clinical Data Pool and the American phase III trials. Almost all adverse experiences, as reported by 56 to 76% of patients on acarbose vs 32 to 37% of patients on placebo, were related to the digestive system and included diarrhoea, flatulence, bloating and nausea. Most symptoms were of mild to moderate intensity and tended to improve with time. In the American trials a small but significant increase in liver transaminases was seen, 3.8% in acarbose-treated patients vs 0.9% in controls together with a 1% increase in anaemia in the acarbose group. Overall, acarbose was well tolerated and the adverse experience profile was clinically acceptable.
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PMID:Safety profile of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. 128 May 77

Sertraline is a selective inhibitor of central serotonin reuptake. Thus, it enhances serotoninergic transmission--a property which appears to explain its antidepressant activity. Its elimination half-life (approximately 26 hours) makes it suitable for once daily administration. Although clinical experience with sertraline is limited, it appears to possess antidepressant efficacy similar to that of amitriptyline and dothiepin, marginally better than imipramine, and significantly better than placebo. Additionally, sertraline is the only antidepressant licensed in the UK for the prevention of recurrence of depression, and preliminary findings suggest that the drug may also be effective in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sertraline and other serotonin reuptake inhibitors possess tolerability advantages over tricyclic antidepressants. Sertraline has minimal anticholinergic activity, is essentially devoid of cardiovascular effects, has a wide therapeutic index and may be administered to elderly patients or those with underlying cardiovascular disorders. However, as with other serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sertraline has been associated with gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhoea/loose stools) and male sexual dysfunction (primarily ejaculatory disturbance), although each of these effects is usually mild and transient, decreasing in frequency with continued treatment. As a drug class, serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline appear to provide significant advantages compared with the more established antidepressant agents, particularly in terms of tolerability. Although much broader clinical experience is required before sertraline's full therapeutic potential can be realised, if future studies confirm the encouraging initial findings, sertraline will undoubtedly become an important option in the treatment of depression.
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PMID:Sertraline. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 128 Oct 75

One hundred and fifteen patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophageal replacement with the stomach. The patients were divided into group A (52 patients, stomach tube, ante- or retro-sternal route) and group B (54 patients, devascularized upper half of the whole stomach, posterior mediastinal route). The post-operative complications, post operative symptoms and nutritional status were investigated in both groups. Lung complications tended to occur more frequently in group A (28.8% versus 22.2%), showing no significant difference. The incidence of other complications did not show a remarkable difference between either group except for leakage at the site of anastomosis. Major leakage occurred in 11.5% and 5.6%, and minor leakage in 30.8% and 18.5%, respectively. Postprandial fullness, nausea, heart burn and diarrhea were found to be somewhat higher in Group B. Change of oral intake, body weight and other indices of nutritional status were investigated and compared with pre- operative data. The amount of oral intake and levels of serum albumin was higher in group B than in group A between one and 12 months. These results demonstrate the superiority of the devascularized upper half of the whole stomach as an esophageal substitute.
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PMID:Investigation of suitability of devascularized upper half of the whole stomach as replacement for the esophagus. 128 72


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