Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical consequences (therapeutic and toxic) of drug acetylation polymorphism are reviewed for procainamide, hydralazine, phenelzine, isoniazid, and salicylazosulfapyridine. Genetic slow acetylators are more likely than rapid acetylators to experience the following adverse drug reactions: (1) earlier development of procainamide-induced antinuclear antibody; (2) earlier and more frequent development of procainamide-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); (3) hydralazine-induced SLE; (4) spontaneous SLE; (5) drowsiness and nausea from phenelzine; (6) cyanosis, hemolysis, and transient reticulocytosis from salicylazosulfapyridine; and (7) polyneuropathy after isoniazid therapy. The incidence of isoniazid hepatitis may, however, be more common in rapid than than in slow acetylators. Genetic slow acetylators are also more likely than rapid acetylators to experience greater therapeutic responses from similar doses of the following: phenelzine, hydralazine provided beta blockers are concurrently used, and isoniazid if once weekly therapy is used. Thus, knowledge of the acetylator phenotype of a patient can help determine the relative risk for some drug-related toxic and therapeutic responses.
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PMID:Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs. 1 87

Acute dapsone poisoning is rare and such cases are either accidental or suicidal. Though accidental DDS poisoning are reported in children, the same is fairly uncommon in adults. Only 2 such cases are reported in India literature. We here report 4 cases of fatal sucidial DDS poisoning in adults resulting death in 3 cases. The reported acute symptoms include nausea, vomiting, hyperexcitability followed by depression, Carpopedal spasm or convulsions. The most marked signs are dyspnoea and cyanosis. The symptoms are due to methaemoglobinaemia, and or sulphaemoglobinaemia. Normally dapsone induces red cell haemolysis and even with small therapeutic doses of 25-100 mg per day, and in toxic doses reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood and damages the red cells making them more vulnerable for haemolysis. The peculiarity of the presentation in this series are manifestation of severe haemorrhagic episode in one case and progressive jaundice in another besides cyanosis. None of the cases had carpopedal spasm or convulsion. Out of four cases three died inspite of intensive care, intravenous vitamin C, exchange transfusion (2 cases) and other supportive measures. Intravenous methylene blue could not be used in these cases due to non-availability.
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PMID:Acute fatal DDS poisoning. (Report of 4 cases). 48 Sep 16

Water hemlock is a ubiquitous plant that can be mistaken for a turnip as in the case reported. Oral ingestion causes an explosive illness consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and grand mal seizures that can progress to cyanosis and death. In the reported case a 30-year old man was found semi-comatose some 75 minutes after ingesting a "turnip". The history revealed profuse emesis shortly after eating lunch that changed from bile to frank blood. There was a mean orthostatic blood pressure change of 30 torr, with an increase in the heart rate of 10%. Neurologic examination revealed a lethargic patient. Following administration of 4 liters of Ringer's lactate the patient's blood pressure stabilized and with continued isotonic fluid maintenance he improved rapidly. This case indicates that appropriate management should be directed toward protecting the patient's airway from gastric aspiration, restoring the intravascular and extracellular volume deficit, and controlling cerebral edema.
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PMID:A case of water hemlock poisoning. 49 28

The results of an anonymous questionnaire showed that up to 20% of medical and dental students have utilized nitrous oxide in a social setting to produce a "high." Nitrous oxide was obtained from a variety of sources, most often from cylinders used in the production of whipped cream. Although none of the 524 respondents described personal injury with the use of nitrous oxide, a few individuals reported cyanosis, nausea, and syncope.
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PMID:Abuse of nitrous oxide. 57 Dec 32

Twenty-two patients with cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma were treated with intralesional injections of the methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER). The local reaction consisted of erythema and pustule formation followed by ulceration and tumor necrosis. Side effects included fever, chills, headache and malaise in the majority of patients; nausea, vomiting, cyanosis and hypotension occurred infrequently. Hypersensitivity reactions were not observed. Temporary abnormalities in liver function were seen in 11 of 19 patients tested. Reversible lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 7 of 17 and 7 of 18 patients, respectively. Immune function, as measured by skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro response of isolated lymphocytes to mitogens and microbial antigens, was not influenced by treatment with MER. Transient increases were observed in total hemolytic complement, complement components and the reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium by neutrophils. Eight of eighteen evaluable patients showed a complete disappearance of all injected lesions. We conclude that intratumoral injection of MER is effective treatment for cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, with a complete response rate comparable to that observed after intralesional injection of BCG.
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PMID:Intralesional injection of the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) into cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma. 72 66

Nineteen patients with various solid tumors were treated with Corynebacterium parvum for 10 consecutive days at doses ranging from 0.5 to 6 mg/m2. Major toxic effects included rigors and cyanosis, hypertension, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Toxicity was maximal during the first 3 days of treatment and decreased or even disappeared when, on subsequent days, increasing doses of the vaccine were given. Objective tumor regressions were observed in four patients.
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PMID:Phase I study of corynebacterium parvum in patients with solid tumors. 76 53

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to the inhalation of Shiitake mushroom spores was demonstrated in a 38-year-old woman. Symptoms of cough, nausea and malaise, and clinical findings of cyanosis, bibasilar crackles, reduced lung volumes, hypoxemia, leukocytosis, elevated ESR, positive C-reactive protein, and bilateral diffuse reticulonodular shadows on chest roentgenogram improved after the patient was removed from exposure. Alveolitis was demonstrated by transbronchial lung biopsy, as well as an increase in lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage. Serum precipitins and specific IgG antibodies to an extract of Shiitake mushroom spores, but not to other common molds or mushroom body, were detected in serum. Provocative inhalation test with the extract of mushroom spores caused the same clinical symptoms and signs as experienced in the workroom. This is the first report of typical hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Shiitake mushroom spores. Mushroom spores as well as thermophilic actinomycetes must be considered a causative agents for mushroom worker's lung.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Shiitake mushroom spores. 128 27

Twelve patients with advanced malignant disease were entered onto a Phase I study of escalating doses of beta-interferon serine given by 4-h i.v. infusion twice a wk. Three patients each were entered at starting doses of 0.01, 1, 10, and 30 million units (MU)/m2. Doses escalation within individual patients was allowed to a maximum dose of 400 MU/m2. Fever, chills, fatigue, and acral cyanosis were commonly seen and increased in frequency at higher doses. Myalgia, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and confusion were seen at lesser frequencies. Mild leukopenia, paresthesia, infusion site erythema, and hypotension were each seen in one patient. No conventional maximal tolerated dose could be defined, since several patients underwent escalation to the highest allowable dose and seemed to develop tolerance to acute toxicities. However, a maximal starting dose of 10 MU/m2 was identified, such that those begun at this level or below tolerated semiweekly dose escalation, while those begun at 30 MU/m2 could not tolerate continued therapy. Detectable serum interferon levels were noted during treatment at 10 and 30 MU/m2, the levels at which significant toxicity also first appeared. A maximal starting dose of 10 MU/m2, with gradual escalation as tolerance to side effects develops, is suggested if therapy with high-dose beta-interferon serine is given by 4-h infusion.
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PMID:Phase I study of recombinant beta-interferon given by four-hour infusion. 380 98

In nonanesthetized young pigs, the influence of prednisolone sodium succinate therapy on a 65% lethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin was studied by evaluating clinical signs, several hemodynamic variables, survival rate, and changes seen at necropsy. Endotoxin infusion induced reproducible clinical signs characterized by nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, cyanosis, and moderate excitement followed by severe CNS depression. Among the hemodynamic variables, there were decreases in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output and increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, and total peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistances. Core temperature and arterial pH did not change significantly. Survival rate at 30 hours after the start of the endotoxin infusion was 35%. According to the necropsy, marked edema and hemorrhages were in several organs. Treating the experimental animals with prednisolone sodium succinate (3 injections of 10 mg/kg of body weight after the start of the endotoxin infusion) did not influence any of the monitored hemodynamic variables, except for arterial blood pressure, which was higher at the end of the hemodynamic recording period (270 minutes after the start of the endotoxin infusion). Clinical signs, survival rate, and changes at necropsy were similar in both treated and nontreated pigs. This lack of effect can be due to an inappropriate dosage of the steroid or failure of steroid treatment to alleviate endotoxin-mediated effects.
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PMID:Endotoxic shock in the awake young pig: absence of beneficial effect of prednisolone sodium succinate treatment. 389 34

A case of acute Dapsone intoxication due to voluntary ingestion of 3 g of this drug as a suicide attempt is described. A severe methemoglobinemia developed, accompanied by intense cyanosis, dyspnea, headache, and nausea. Subsequently, significant sulfhemoglobinemia responsible for prolonged cyanosis was observed, as well as mild hemolytic anemia. Relapses of methemoglobinemia after methylene blue treatment required repeated administration of the reducing agent. The need of a careful follow-up for several days in this type of intoxication is emphasized.
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PMID:Delayed sulfhemoglobinemia after acute dapsone intoxication. 715 40


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