Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We hypothesized that intrathecal fentanyl infusion would provide excellent analgesia, require lower doses than necessary for the epidural or intravenous route of administration, and reduce the incidence and/or severity of side effects. Accordingly, we studied 12 patients during 48 h after thoracotomy (three pneumonectomies, six lobectomies, and three multiple resections of metastases or pleural surgery). The mean dose of fentanyl infused intrathecally was 0.81 +/- 0.26 microgram.kg-1 x h-1, and plasma fentanyl concentrations ranged between 0.49 +/- 0.19 and 0.72 +/- 0.34 ng/ml. Four patients needed a supplementary bolus of intrathecal fentanyl. Pain scores decreased below 30/100 within 1 h when measured at rest but required 24 h to decrease to the same level during coughing. Pulmonary function tests returned to approximately 50% of preoperative values within 1 h of fentanyl infusion. Mean respiratory rates averaged 19 +/- 4, and no episode of apnea was detected. Pruritus, nausea, and headache occurred, respectively, in four, one, and zero patients. Excessive pressure in the infusion system occurred frequently, limiting fentanyl infusion in two patients. All catheters were removed intact; however, one broke outside of the patient's back. This study demonstrates that intrathecal fentanyl infusion can safely provide rapid and intense analgesia but that current 32-gauge intrathecal catheters are not well suited for prolonged postoperative use.
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PMID:Prolonged intrathecal fentanyl analgesia via 32-gauge catheters after thoracotomy. 821 30

We reported a case of Addison's disease, caused by adrenal tuberculosis. The patient was female, seventy four years old. She complained cough and body weight loss. She complained cough from June, 1989, but her home doctor didn't take care of her symptoms. September 1989, she felt appetite loss, and easy fatigue, so her home doctor suspected her disease as pulmonary tuberculosis, so he introduced our hospital, and she admitted. When she admitted, her chest roentogenogram revealed bIII2. Sputum smear examinations were negative. Laboratory data on admission, we observed slightly eosinophilia, severe iron deficiency anemia, and accenturation of blood sedimentation rate. Immediately after admission, she complained nausea, vomiting, coldness, and powerless. On 25 days after admission, she lost her senses suddenly, and her blood pressure fell 5 days after, she fell in shock state, too. We found out her blood sugar data was 29. After blood examinations, we found out that ACTH was high, cortisole, 17-KS, 17-OHCS were low. So we thought she got acute hypoadrenocorticism. We found her abdominal CT revealed calcification in her right adrenal gland. We diagnosed her disease as Addison's disease caused by adrenal tuberculosis so we began to give prednisolone, 7.5 mg per day. After giving, her state made better. We thought her disease as Addison's disease caused by adrenal tuberculosis, revealed acute hypoadrenocorticism.
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PMID:[A case of Addison's disease caused by adrenal tuberculosis, and revealed acute hypoadrenocorticism]. 826 25

In order to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on health conditions, the authors analyzed results of the THI (Todai Health Index) questionnaire, which was administered to male employees of a large-sized enterprise in Osaka between 1984 and 1990. The smoking rate of male employees decreased over this period of time from 62.4% (1984) to 58.3% (1990) in this enterprise. Complaints regarding "respiratory organ", "digestive organ", "circulatory organ", "irregularity of daily life", "impulsiveness", and "many subjective symptoms" significantly increased with the amount of smoking. Many items of physical complaints in the THI questionnaire were also associated with smoking. These were coughing, sore throat, sputum, nausea when brushing teeth, loss of appetite, stomach pain, stomach problems, diarrhea, heartburn, gum problems, bad breath, heavy eyelids, itchy skin, face looked pale, shortness of breath, palpitation, feeling flushed or feverish, back pain, going to bed late and getting up late, weakness or fatigue, irregular meals, irritation, sensitive or nervous, eating salty or greasy food, and heavy drinker. It is therefore important in the health education of individual smokers to put special emphasis not only on the many diseases associated with smoking but also these physical complaints.
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PMID:[Relationship between cigarette smoking and physical complaints]. 831 11

From 1982 to 1991, we experienced 76 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia which were confirmed by serologic tests. There were 32 (42%) male and 44 (58%) female patients. One patient had underlying disease of diabetes mellitus while the other patients were in good health. The age ranged from 9 months old to 72 years old. All the patients complained of fever and coughing; 63% had dry cough and 37% had sputum production. Upper respiratory tract complaints such as rhinorrhea, sore throat, or earache were noted in 57% of the patients. Fifty-five percent of the patients had GI symptoms of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Other complaints included myalgia/arthralgia (29%), headache (30%), and general malaise (32%). Dyspnea (17%) and chest pain (20%) were occasional complaints. Seventy-one percent of the patients had WBC counts < 10000/cu mm and 29% > 10000/cu mm. The mean value of C-reactive protein (CRP) was 53.1 micrograms/ml, while 16% of the patients had a CRP value above 100 micrograms/ml. Thirty-one percent of the patients were noted to have a transient elevation of serum transaminase. Four different patterns of infiltration were seen in chest radiographic manifestation: 1) peribronchial and perivascular interstitial infiltrates (18.4%), 2) nonhomogeneous patchy consolidations (22.4%), 3) homogeneous acinar consolidations (27.6%), and 4) mixed interstitial and alveolar infiltrates (27.6%). Interstitial infiltration was more commonly seen in pediatric than adult patients (46% vs 20%). Other features of the radiologic manifestation were as follows: unilateral lesions in 80% of patients, single lobe lesions in 77%, lower lobe predominant in 69%, pleural effusion in 7%, and radiographic deterioration in 10%. Mycoplasmal pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonias.
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PMID:Clinical study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. 832 Jul 55

It has been difficult to confirm that a given building is responsible for allergic symptomatology, exacerbation of asthma, or immunological dysfunction. In fact, in most studies, few objective immunological parameters have been studied and only rarely has there been any quantitation of IgE or secondary mediators. Furthermore, although many studies deal with rhinitis or respiratory tract irritation, there is a misconception that all such symptoms are allergic in nature, and studies attempting to prove that allergies are caused by buildings frequently neglect to prove that these are indeed true allergic responses. In addition, many of the symptoms that people attribute to sick building syndrome (SBS) or building-related illness, such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough, and eye irritation, are subjective, and studies often fail to take into account other possible causes that may be inherent in the subjects, such as sinusitis, hyperventilation syndrome, or psychosomatic illness. Unfortunately, most clinical studies on SBS pay little attention to the preexisting conditions that a subject may have and discount the possibility that the inciting agent does not cause symptoms, but merely exacerbates a preexisting condition. Moreover, they offer no information about the nature of the mechanisms of action or pathophysiological relationships. Clearly, further studies are necessary to further explain the complexity of complaints that currently exist. Indeed, SBS might properly be paraphrased as "what is it?--if it is!"
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PMID:The sick building syndrome. I. Definition and epidemiological considerations. 833 Oct 40

A postmarketing surveillance study in 2273 Canadian office practices provided the largest body of clinical experience to date with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. The principal emphasis in this uncontrolled study was safety, assessed in 10,289 patients. Patients with a diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg were considered for the study. Both previously untreated patients and those who were experiencing adverse effects from their current antihypertensive regimen were included. Lisinopril was begun at a dose of 10 mg/day. Subsequent dose adjustments, to a maximum of 40 mg/day, were made to achieve optimal blood pressure control (diastolic blood pressure < or = 90 mmHg or > or = 10 mmHg below baseline for > or = 4 weeks at the same dose). Therapy was continued for a minimum of 4 weeks to a maximum of 12 weeks, with patients examined every 2 weeks. The frequencies of adverse effects and laboratory abnormalities were analyzed in all treated patients. All 10,289 patients enrolled were considered in the analysis of safety. One or more adverse effects were reported for 1593 (15.5%) patients, and 802 (7.8%) withdrew from the study because of adverse effects. The most frequent adverse effects were cough (4.0%), dizziness (2.3%), headache (2.1%), asthenia (1.7%), and nausea (1.0%). The physicians' global assessment rated overall tolerability as very good or good for 77.1% of the patients. Antihypertensive effect was evaluated in 5886 patients who met the criteria for efficacy analysis. The criterion response was attained in 5141 (87.3%) patients, with 68.6% responding to 10 mg/day of lisinopril, 26.3% to 20 mg/day, and 3.2% to 40 mg/day (the other 1.9% responded at nonstandard doses). Lisinopril was safe and well-tolerated. Except for cough, class effects of ACE inhibitors were rarely encountered. The results of the efficacy analysis confirm the established efficacy of lisinopril in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Lisinopril in the treatment of hypertension: a Canadian postmarketing surveillance study. 839 Sep 18

The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of an epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine in the management of postthoracotomy pain. Thirty-six patients were randomized into one of two groups. The epidural group received an epidural fentanyl infusion, 10 micrograms/mL, and saline through their PCA machine. The PCA group received an epidural saline infusion and morphine, 1.0 mg/mL, through their PCA device. The infusions were escalated according to a study protocol when pain relief was deemed inadequate by the patients. Pain relief was evaluated by a visual analog pain scale (VAS), both at rest and during coughing, and by verbal rating scores (VRS) of pain relief. Degree of sedation and the frequency of nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were also noted. The VAS, VRS, degree of sedation, and side effects were evaluated every 2 h from 7 AM to 7 PM, for 72 h after surgery. Forced vital capacities were determined before surgery and at 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. The VAS were significantly lower (P = 0.001), and the Total Pain Relief scores higher (P < 0.02) in the epidural group, signifying better analgesia. There were no differences in postoperative forced vital capacity between the two groups. More patients in the PCA group had greater degrees of sedation on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.005), whereas pruritus was more frequent (P < 0.02) in the epidural group. We conclude that an epidural fentanyl infusion is superior to that of PCA with morphine in the management of pain after thoracotomy.
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PMID:A randomized double-blind comparison of epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia with morphine for postthoracotomy pain. 842 8

A mixture of paraquat and water was applied, by helicopter, to agricultural fields near a residential community and near an associated commercial complex. Drift from the application passed directly over the community, which resulted in resident complaints to the local county agricultural department. A community survey was undertaken to determine what health consequences, if any, resulted from the drift. A comparison of 2-wk self-reported symptom rates between the exposed community and three historical control communities indicated that 10 symptoms were elevated significantly at p < .05: cough, diarrhea, eye irritation, headache, nausea, rhinitis, throat irritation, trouble breathing, unusual tiredness, and wheezing. An internal comparison, which predicted symptom rates by an index of paraquat exposure (smelling an unusual odor in the prior 2-wk period), indicated fever (relative risk [RR] = 11.97) and nausea (RR = 3.75) to have elevated relative risks. Odor perception also predicted the report of a greater than the average number of symptoms. Based upon these findings, it was concluded that these residents probably did experience an increase in health symptoms from the drift. It is recommended that paraquat not be sprayed near residential communities.
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PMID:Community exposure to a paraquat drift. 845 99

To elucidate the early clinical characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), we compared the clinical features of 24 cases of HPS with those of cases of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (n = 30), influenza (n = 33), or unexplained adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, n = 21). On admission, patients with HPS were less likely than outpatients with influenza to have reported sore throat (OR = 0.02, P < .01) and cough (OR = 0.1, P = .01) and were less likely than patients with pneumococcal pneumonia to have lobar infiltrates detected by chest roentgenography (OR = 0, P < .01). Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that three clinical characteristics at admission (dizziness, nausea or vomiting, and absence of cough) and three initial laboratory abnormalities (low platelet count, low serum bicarbonate level, and elevated hematocrit level) served to identify all patients with HPS and to exclude HPS in at least 80% of patients with unexplained ARDS. These findings warrant further study and should facilitate the early recognition of patients with HPS, who may benefit from early critical-care intervention.
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PMID:Clinical features that differentiate hantavirus pulmonary syndrome from three other acute respiratory illnesses. 852 58

To determine the value of aerosol amphotericin B inhalations for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), we initiated a prospective randomized multicenter trial. The scheduled intent-to-treat interim analysis included 115 patients (30%) with prolonged neutropenia after chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia/high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or solid tumors undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Sixty-five patients had been randomized to receive prophylactic aerosol amphotericin B inhalations at a dose of 10 mg twice daily (group A); for the remaining 50 patients no aerosol amphotericin B prophylaxis was used (group B). No serious side effects from amphotericin B inhalations occurred, but coughing (54%), bad taste (51%), and nausea (37%) caused early cessation of aerosol amphotericin B prophylaxis in 23% (15/65) of courses. In group A, the incidence of proven, probably, or possible IPA was 5% (3/65) as compared with 12% (6/50) in group B (p > 0.05). Microbiologically documented bacterial pneumonias were observed in 5/65 (8%) patients in group A and in 1/50 (2%) patients in group B (p > 0.05). Thus, no reduction in incidence of IPA from use of prophylactic aerosol amphotericin B inhalations was found in this interim analysis. As there were no serious side effects from aerosol amphotericin B prophylaxis, accrual in the study will continue for a total of 380 patients.
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PMID:Aerosol amphotericin B inhalations for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic cancer patients. 853 60


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