Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fluoxetine is a highly specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In studies that used a dose of 60 mg once daily, fluoxetine-treated patients consistently had greater weight loss than placebo-treated patients. In six double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of 6-8 wk duration, mean weight changes on fluoxetine were approximately 0.5 kg/wk. Longer term studies have shown maximum mean weight loss to occur at 12-20 wk of therapy. Studies have consistently shown improvements in indices of glycemic control as well as weight loss in obese diabetic patients. Safety analysis has been performed on data from 3491 obese patients in controlled clinical trials of up to 52 wk duration. Adverse events with an incidence of greater than 5%, which were reported significantly more frequently by fluoxetine-treated patients, were headache, asthenia, nausea, diarrhea, somnolence, insomnia, nervousness, sweating, and tremor. Fluoxetine is effective, well tolerated, and safe in the treatment of obesity and obese diabetics.
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PMID:Clinical studies with fluoxetine in obesity. 172 31

The efficacy and tolerability of the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine were compared with the tricyclic dothiepin in 52 elderly (age greater than 64 years) hospital patients in a multi-centre double-blind randomised trial. Patients met DSM-III criteria for 'major depressive episode' and scored greater than 29 on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after a one-week placebo baseline. Active treatment was for six weeks. The dosage of both drugs was 50 mg nocte for three days, 100 mg nocte for the remainder of the first week, thereafter increasing to a maximum of 200 mg/day according to response/tolerance. MADRS scores improved by 63.5% with fluvoxamine and 60.0% with dothiepin; there were no significant differences between treatments at any assessment. Nausea, dizziness, headache, somnolence and constipation in both groups, plus dry mouth and asthenia in the dothiepin group were more frequent than single reports. Two patients in each group discontinued treatment owing to unwanted effects. There were no clinically significant changes in haematological, biochemical or cardiovascular parameters.
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PMID:A double-blind, randomised comparison of fluvoxamine with dothiepin in the treatment of depression in elderly patients. 181 Mar 58

One hundred ninety-three asymptomatic patients with hereditary coagulation disorders and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were studied in a controlled trial of zidovudine (ZDV) versus a placebo (with an average of 9.7 months on study). Pretreatment characteristics were well balanced between the placebo and drug-treated groups, including CD4 distributions, types of clotting disorders, transaminase abnormalities, and use of various hemostatic agents. At the time of analysis, 161 patients either were still receiving treatment or had previously reached an endpoint of disease progression while receiving treatment. Twenty-five patients withdrew voluntarily. The toxic effects noted included granulocytopenia and anemia, especially in older patients, and subjective symptoms of asthenia, malaise, and nausea, consistent with the known consequences of treatment with 300 mg ZDV five times daily. There was a trend toward more diagnoses of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), advanced or early AIDS-related complex (ARC), single ARC symptoms, or death in placebo recipients as compared with those receiving ZDV (22 v 13). Because older patients with hemophilia have more rapid disease progression, the same efficacy analysis was performed in the 89 patients aged more than 30 years who were receiving treatment. In this subgroup, there was a similar trend (11 v 6). With regard to the most advanced problems of the infection among the older patients, there were five patients who were newly diagnosed with AIDS or died in the placebo group versus none in the ZDV group (P = .02) among the older patients. The pretreatment distribution of CD4 counts for the placebo and ZDV groups were similar, but patients aged more than 30 years had significantly (P less than .049) fewer CD4 cells than patients aged less than 30 years. A beneficial ZDV effect is also supported by a trend toward higher CD4 counts (a 48-cell increase in the ZDV group at 24 weeks as compared with a four-cell increase in the placebo group) and a significant (P = .03) difference in weight gain in the ZDV patients aged more than 30 years (8 pounds) as compared with the older placebo patients (aged more than 30 years) (2 pounds) at week 24. The findings in the asymptomatic hemophilic patients aged more than 30 years support a useful effect of ZDV, which is similar to observations in the larger study of its use in asymptomatic, nonhemophilic patients.
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PMID:Placebo-controlled trial to evaluate zidovudine in treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection in asymptomatic patients with hemophilia. NHF-ACTG 036 Study Group. 183 Oct 59

The efficacy and safety of bepridil hydrochloride (200 to 400 mg/day) were evaluated in patients with chronic stable angina refractory to maximal tolerated doses of diltiazem (median 360 mg/day) in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel study. Baseline diltiazem data were obtained during a 2-week period, after which 86 patients were randomized to bepridil (n = 46) or diltiazem (n = 40). Angina frequency, nitroglycerin consumption and ischemic manifestations induced by exercise treadmill testing were evaluated over 8 weeks. Bepridil significantly (p less than 0.05) increased time to angina onset, time to 1 and 2 mm of ST-segment depression, total exercise time and total work over baseline values. Changes in time to angina onset and time to 1 mm of ST-segment depression were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater for bepridil than for diltiazem. Angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption did not differ significantly between groups. Compared with baseline, bepridil significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased heart rate (mean 4 beats/min) and prolonged QTc (mean 35 ms). The most frequent adverse effects in both groups were nausea, asthenia, dizziness, headache and diarrhea. Four patients taking bepridil and 1 taking diltiazem withdrew from the study because of adverse reactions. No sudden deaths, myocardial infarctions or instances of sustained ventricular tachycardia or torsades de pointes occurred in either group. The data indicate that bepridil provided safe and effective antianginal and antiischemic therapy in patients with chronic stable angina who exhibited less than optimal response to maximal tolerated doses of diltiazem.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and safety of bepridil and diltiazem in chronic stable angina pectoris refractory to diltiazem. The Bepridil Collaborative Study Group. 185 72

In a multicentre, randomized, cross-over double-blind, double placebo trial the effectiveness and tolerability of slow-release oral salbutamol (SRS) were compared with those of long-acting (LA) theophylline (T) in the treatment of nocturnal asthma of adults. Forty-nine patients (mean age 37 years) entered the study after a pre-trial period during which a placebo and inhaled salbutamol were used as reference and to test the criteria of inclusion. The number of awakenings due to asthma symptoms was the same with SRS, and T, falling from 1.27 in the pre-trial period to 0.44 under SRS and 0.42 under T. The scores of nocturnal asthma symptoms were improved with both types of treatment. The number of puffs of inhaled salbutamol necessary during the night decreased from 1.94 in the pre-trial period to 1.15 under SRS and 0.92 under T. The number of patients improved was exactly the same in both groups. The ventilatory parameters measured by respiratory function tests at different visits and daily by the patients themselves were also improved. The principal minor side-effects were tremor (5 cases) and irritability (3 cases) with SRS, and nausea (6 cases), headache (3 cases) and asthenia (2 cases) with T; an overdose of T resulted in malaise in one patients. It is concluded that slow-release oral salbutamol administered in doses of 8 mg b.d. is effective in controlling nocturnal asthma, easy to take and very well tolerated.
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PMID:[Slow-release salbutamol in the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Result of a comparative study vs. long-acting theophylline]. 195 3

In a multicenter study in general practice, the tolerability and safety of ramipril alone and in combination with a low dose of furosemide were assessed in moderate hypertension. After a placebo run-in period involving 770 patients, 661 were included in the active treatment period and received ramipril alone (2.5-5 mg/day). After 6 weeks, the nonresponders entered in a double-blind period and they received daily ramipril 10 mg or ramipril 5 mg in combination with furosemide 20 mg. In this hypertensive population, the adverse events more commonly reported were headache, cough, dizziness, asthenia, cramps diarrhea and nausea, but not all these events were related to ramipril. There was seemingly a relation between cough prevalence and rampiril dosage; an increased incidence was also observed during the outbreaks of flu-syndrome in our country. 38 patients discontinued the active treatment due to non-serious adverse events, mainly cough, dizziness or diarrhea. No serious adverse drug reaction was observed. Laboratory data (blood cells count, electrolytes, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, apolipoproteins AI and B) remained most commonly unaffected. In moderate hypertension in general practice, this study confirms that ramipril is well tolerated, especially with regard to the class effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
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PMID:[Tolerance to Triatec in monotherapy and in combination with Lasilix in a French multicenter study]. 214 97

Aim of this multicentric clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new iron compound: iron proteinsuccinylate. 3,200 patients affected with iron deficiency due to obstetric or gynecologic etiology were treated with iron proteinsuccinylate, at a daily dose of 80 mg Fe3+, for at least 30 days. Iron proteinsuccinylate induced a statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.01) in mean values of hemoglobin and serum iron. The compound also caused a disappearance or improvement of subjective symptomatology (asthenia, anorexia) and of clinical conditions deriving from iron deficiency state (polypnea, cutaneous and mucous pallor). The treatment was well tolerated and caused a few slight side effects (diarrhea, epigastralgia, nausea) in 2.4% of patients.
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PMID:[Ferroprotein succinylate: treatment of iron deficiency in obstetrics and gynecology]. 237 53

Sixteen patients with metastatic or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of mitomycin-C, vincristine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. Seven of 14 (50%) evaluable patients responded. In 2 patients all measurable disease resolved. Median duration of response was 4.5 months. Toxicity was severe and consisted of myelosuppression, pulmonary fibrosis, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, asthenia, and fever. Two treatment-related deaths occurred. This combination chemotherapy regimen appears to have a response rate similar to other cisplatin containing regimens. Response durations were short and toxicity was severe.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix: trial of mitomycin-C, vincristine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. 243 96

In a multicentre open trial involving 229 investigators, cicletanine, a new antihypertensive agent, was administered orally in doses of 50 to 100 mg/day either alone (1,238 patients) or combined with another drug (430 patients). In this second group of patients with essential hypertension whose BP had not been normalized by a beta-blocker (n = 157), a calcium inhibitor (n = 67), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n = 134) or an alpha-blocker (n = 7), cicletanine normalized BP (less than 160/95 mmHg) in 48.8% of the patients and significantly lowered BP values which fell from 177.7 +/- 15.9/103.3 +/- 6.3 mmHg to 157.2 +/- 17.6/88.8 +/- 8.7 mmHg. The addition of cicletanine to treatments with beta-blockers, calcium inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors normalized BP in 48%, 52% and 47% of patients respectively. A significant reduction of symptoms was noted, notably as regards headache, dizziness, palpitations, lower limb oedema, asthenia, auditory disorders and dyspnoea. The side-effects reported (headache, dizziness, gastralgia, nausea, pruritus) were minor and non-specific; they accounted for the withdrawal of only 8 patients. The only significant, though moderate, biochemical variations observed were decreases in natremia and cholesterolaemia unconfirmed by qualitative analysis. Altogether, cicletanine proved to be effective and well tolerated when administered in combination with other antihypertensive drugs belonging to three main therapeutic classes.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerance of cicletanine. Results obtained with bitherapy]. 257 67

In order to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a new nicardipine formulation, 26 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensive patients were given slow-release nicardipine, 40 mg, twice daily for 6 weeks. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured after a 1 week single-blind placebo run-in period and after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of active treatment, just before the morning administration. After 1 week, nicardipine induced a significant blood pressure reduction (p less than 0.01), with a decrease in mean SBP/DBP values of -15/-11 mmHg (from baseline values of 165/104 to 150/93 mmHg) in supine and of -16/-12 mmHg (from 158/110 to 142/98 mmHg) in standing position. After 6 weeks the decrease was of -15/-12 mmHg in supine and of -15/-14 mmHg in standing position. The responder rate (DBP decrease of at least 10 mmHg) was 62% (16/26). Normalization rate (DBP less than 95 mmHg with a concomitant decrease of at least 10 mmHg) was 54% (14/26). Eleven patients reported adverse events (headache, peripheral oedema, palpitations, nausea, constipation, flush, dizziness and asthenia). Due to an improved pharmacokinetic profile, the slow-release formulation prolongs to 12 hours the antihypertensive effect of nicardipine, thus facilitating patient's compliance.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive effect and tolerability of slow-release nicardipine]. 266 Sep 93


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