Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We presented 12 patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by the subselective intra-arterial COMPA chemotherapy. COMPA was administered up to an average of 3.3 courses (ranged from 2 to 6 courses) every 2 or 3 weeks, consisting of cisplatin: 15 mg/M2 on days 4 and 5; vincristine (oncovin): 0.6 mg/M2 on days 1 and 2; methotrexate: 5 mg/M2 on days 2 and 3; peplomycin: 5 mg/body on days 1, 2 and 3; and adriamycin: 10 mg/M2 on day 4. These were injected through a teflon catheter the tip of which was placed just proximal to the aortic bifurcation, and another tip was led through a subcutaneous tunnel from the inguinally punctured area to the anterior chest wall. The 12 patients, 7 men and 5 women, ranged in age from 53 to 73 (mean: 67) years. Histopathologically 11 had transitional cell carcinoma and one had adenocarcinoma. Malignant gradings were grade 2 in 8 patients, and grade 3 in 4. The stagings were T2 in 3 patients, T3 in 5, T4 in 4 and only one had bony metastasis. Of the 12 patients, 10 were alive at the last follow-up with a mean duration of 36 months (range: 16 to 49). Six patients achieved a complete remission, four achieved a partial remission and two were stable. One died of ileus after 16 months and another of progression after 36 months. All the patients received post-chemotherapeutic adjunctive therapies, which were transurethral resection, partial cystectomy, radiation and/or intravesical instillation. The toxicities were not severe, but anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, numbness of fingers and/or toes, subileus, and leukopenia were noticed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Intra-arterial COMPA chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer]. 127 59

Seventeen patients with bladder cancer were treated with semiselective intraarterial COMPA chemotherapy. One course of COMPA consisted of 20 mg/m2 cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) on days 4 and 5, 0.6 mg/m2 vincristine (VCR) (Oncovin) on days 1 and 2, 5 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX) on days 2 and 3, 5 mg/body peplomycin (PEP) on days 1, 2 and 3, and 15 mg/m2 adriamycin (ADM) on day 4. These drugs were injected every 2 or 3 weeks through a polyurethane catheter the tip of which was placed just proximal to the aortic bifurcation and during injection both thighs were tied with a pressure of over 250 mmHg. From 2 to 6 courses (mean, 4.4 courses) were administered. Of the 17 patients, 4 achieved complete remission, 10 achieved partial remission and 3 showed no change. After this COMPA chemotherapy eight patients were able to retain their bladders while seven underwent immediate radical cystectomy. The adjuvant COMPA chemotherapy for two patients with pelvic metastasis after radical cystectomy showed good results. Mild degrees of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, numbness of fingers and/or toes, leukopenia and intestinal paralysis were observed. Instrumental troubles were seen in two cases; one involved dislocation of the tip of the catheter, the other was infection of the reservoir. Intraarterial COMPA chemotherapy is effective for neoadjuvant therapy of invasive bladder cancer, bladder-preserving treatment and adjuvant therapy of pelvic metastasis.
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PMID:[Intraarterial COMPA (cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II), vincristine, methotrexate, peplomycin, adriamycin) chemotherapy for bladder cancer]. 128 70

Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang (Ten Significant Tonic Decoction), or SQT (Juzentaihoto, TJ-48) was formulated by Taiping Hui-Min Ju (Public Welfare Pharmacy Bureau) in Chinese Song Dynasty in AD 1200. It is prepared by extracting a mixture of ten medical herbs (Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Liqusticum wallichii, Angelica sinesis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, Panax ginseng. Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia) that tone the blood and vital energy, and strengthen health and immunity. This potent and popular prescription has traditionally been used against anemia, anorexia, extreme exhaustion, fatigue, kidney and spleen insufficiency and general weakness, particularly after illness. In order to restore immunity in cancer patients, potentiate the therapeutic effect and ameliorate adverse toxicity of anticancer agents, 116 Chinese herbal formularies (Kampo) have been screened and evaluated. Fifteen compounds were found to have such actions. Among these, SQT was selected as the most effective as a potent biological response modifier. During the last eight years, animal models and clinical studies have revealed that SQT demonstrates extremely low toxicity (LD50 > 15 g/kg op murine), self-regulatory and synergistic actions of its components in immunomodulatory and immunopotentiating effects (by stimulating hemopoietic factors and interleukins production in association with NK cells, etc.), potentiates therapeutic activity in chemotherapy (mitomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil) and radiotherapy, inhibits the recurrence of malignancies, prolongs survival, as well as ameliorate and/or prevents adverse toxicities (GI disturbances such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hematotoxicity, immunosuppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and nephropathy, etc.) of many anticancer drugs. The application and mechanistic studies of SQT in future development have potential importance in basic and clinical research of the traditional Chinese therapeutic approach of "toning the blood and strengthening Qi (vital energy)" in cancer immunotherapy.
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PMID:Shi-quan-da-bu-tang (ten significant tonic decoction), SQT. A potent Chinese biological response modifier in cancer immunotherapy, potentiation and detoxification of anticancer drugs. 129 61

The results of treatment of 19 cases of inoperable squamous cell tumors of the head and neck are discussed. The treatment schedule used three drugs: 100 mg/m2 cisplatin at day 1, 25 mg/m2 methotrexate, intravenously, at day 4, and a total of 1000 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil, at days 4-8 of treatment, by continuous 120 hour-long infusion. Effect was observed in 15 patients. The treatment was effective in 47.4% (complete regression--in 1 case, morphologically confirmed and partial regression--in 8 cases), stabilization--in 26.3 (5 patients) and further progression--in 26.3% (5 patients). Among the untoward side-effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis and diarrhea. The toxicity proved tolerable.
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PMID:[The efficacy of polychemotherapy with cisplatin, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in inoperable forms of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck area]. 130 Jul 7

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex, for primary lung cancer was conducted by the 254-S Lung Cancer Study Group consisting of 15 institutions nation-wide. Considering the results of the phase I clinical study, 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion and this administration was repeated at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. Of 75 patients registered, 61 patients consisting of 22 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 39 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluable for complete tumor response. Partial response (PR) was obtained in 17 patients, for a 27.9% response rate. The response rate for SCLC was 40.9% (9 PR in 22 patients) and that for NSCLC was 20.5% (8 PR in 39 patients). In SCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 50.0% (5 PR in 10 patients) response rate was obtained. In those with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 33.3% (4 PR in 12 patients). In NSCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 22.6% (7 PR in 31 patients) response rate was obtained. In hose with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 12.5% (1 PR in 8 patients). Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity such as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Nephrotoxicity observed was mild and infrequent in spite of the low-volume hydration performed. Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of primary lung cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for primary lung cancer]. 131 98

In a multicentre study patients with liver metastases stratified to the histology of the primary tumour were investigated. A total of 102 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, primary liver carcinoma and malignant melanoma were treated with the thioether lipid ilmofosine. The drug was administered orally as a tablet at a dosage of 150-300 mg/day (75 mg/tablet). The tolerability of ilmofosine was poor. There was a dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity with nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite (WHO grade II-IV) in 67% of patients. During the period of therapy (1-29 weeks, 8.5 weeks mean) no complete remission and no partial response were observed. We thus conclude that treatment with oral ilmofosine is not effective in patients with liver metastases due to various malignancies.
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PMID:Treatment results of the thioether lipid ilmofosine in patients with malignant tumours. 132 33

The role of combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer is controversial. At best, a small survival benefit can be achieved. Therefore, other treatment modalities are needed. On the basis of the promising treatment results with interleukin-2 (IL-2) -containing immunotherapy in renal cell cancer and melanoma, we performed a phase I-II study with IL-2 and interferon alpha (IFN-alpha). Eligible patients were treated with IL-2 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day by continuous intravenous infusion (c.i.v.) for 3 days. On the same days, 5 x 10(6) U/m2/day IFN-alpha was given intramuscularly. After a rest period of 4 days, patients at the first dose level received IL-2 2.4 x 10(6) IU/m2/day c.i.v. for a period of 28 days, followed by 14 days' rest, 14 days' treatment, 7 days' rest, and a final treatment for 14 days. Patients at the second dose level were treated according to the same schedule, in which the dose of IL-2 was increased to 3.6 x 10(6) IU/m2/day. During low-dose IL-2 treatment, patients received IFN-alpha 5 x 10(6) U/m2/day on days 1 and 4 of each week. Eleven patients were admitted to the study, six at the first and five at the second dose level. Median age was 54 years; all patients had a performance status of 0 or 1. The most important adverse effects included anorexia, fatigue, nausea, and headache, which were not dose limiting. In the 11 patients treated, no responses were seen. Nine patients developed progressive disease during the first 5 weeks of treatment. We concluded that this regimen of IL-2 and IFN-alpha is ineffective.
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PMID:Interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 132 67

Eleven inoperable patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated as a maintenance therapy with oral etoposide 25 mg daily. The toxicity appeared during the chemotherapy were assessed in all cases, but the blood concentration of the drug were measured in 5 cases on the first and the seventh day of treatment. While the peak plasma level (Cmax) was 0.92 +/- 0.43 microgram/ml on the first day and 1.02 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml on the seventh day of chemotherapy, AUC was 12.3 +/- 5.41 micrograms.hr/ml and 11.9 +/- 4.52 micrograms.hr/ml on the first and the seventh day, respectively. Cumulative effect of the drug did not exist, since in any of these two measurements there was no significant statistical difference between values obtained on the first and on the seventh day. Regarding the toxicity of the drug, bone marrow suppression with abnormal reduction of peripheral white blood cells was observed. Though grade 2 adverse reaction was found in 6 cases, stopping drug administration for 2 weeks, enabled to re-administer the drug. Alopecia and liver or renal injury were not observed, and in spite of the presence of nausea and anorexia in one case, maintenance therapy could continue in all cases. Based on these results we concluded that etoposide can be safely administered as a maintenance therapy on out-patient basis.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic study and side effects of chronic daily administration of oral etoposide]. 132 70

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a recently developed class of drugs with significantly greater antidepressant efficacy than placebo. Generally, in double-blind comparative trials, all SSRIs demonstrated antidepressant efficacy similar to that of the 'standard' tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and imipramine; a meta-analysis of controlled trials found the efficacy of the SSRIs to be equivalent to that of the 2 tricyclics. Nevertheless, because of small patient numbers included in most studies that compare SSRIs with other antidepressants, no definitive statements about relative efficacy can be made. In these studies it is simply possible to state that no statistically significant differences were identified between SSRIs and the comparative antidepressants. Importantly, differences in clinical characteristics exist between the SSRIs-differences in elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) between fluoxetine and/or its metabolite (total t1/2 beta = 330 hours) and other SSRIs (t1/2 beta range = 15 to 30 hours), for example. This has implications in terms of potential drug interactions and must be considered when patients have to be switched to treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Studies with fluvoxamine have been conducted in both in- and outpatients, whereas trials with other SSRIs have been confined largely to outpatient populations. Fluvoxamine has been associated with a high incidence of nausea (37%), although this may have resulted from high initial dosages (rather than upward dose titration protocols) used in early trials. Of further interest, fluoxetine doses of 20mg may be sufficient to produce a satisfactory antidepressant response, and this SSRI may be particularly useful in patients with chronic retarded depression. More clinical data are required before the efficacy of sertraline and citalopram relative to standard antidepressants can be clearly defined. Preliminary data indicate that SSRIs are effective in the treatment of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating (e.g. anorexia and bulimia) and personality disorders (e.g. anger, impulsiveness) and substance abuse (e.g. alcoholism); early results with fluvoxamine in the treatment of panic disorder and OCD, and with fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia, personality disorders and alcohol abuse, have been encouraging. SSRIs have a more favourable tolerability profile than tricyclic antidepressants and, unlike the tricyclics, are not associated with anticholinergic adverse effects, sedation, cardiotoxicity or weight gain. SSRIs are associated with a relatively high incidence of nausea, particularly if high doses are used at the start of treatment. However, the incidence of nausea appears to decrease as treatment is continued.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative efficacy of antidepressants. 137 69

FK506 is a potent immunosuppressive agent on experimental and clinical organ transplantation. We studied the the effect of this agent on segmental pancreas allograft in mongrel dogs. Graft survival was prolonged significantly with continuous administration of FK506, 0.3mg/kg/day intramuscular and 1.0mg/kg/day orally. However such symptoms as loss of appetite, nausea and extreme emaciation were observed and caused death. While bolus therapy of FK506 (3 days administration with the dose of 1.0mg/kg i.m. from 4 to 6 day postoperatively) showed the same immunosuppressive effect as continuous therapy and less side effect. Furthermore it was suggested that FK506 plasma levels were concerned with the appearance of side effect. In conclusion, the administration of FK506 with plasma level monitoring was thought to be useful on pancreas transplantation.
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PMID:[The effect of FK506 on segmental pancreas allograft in mongrel dogs]. 137 26


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