Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between caffeine consumption and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth remains uncertain. However, factors that can influence caffeine metabolism, such as genetic polymorphisms, have not been considered, while other similar factors such as smoking and ethnicity have not always been fully accounted for in the interpretation of results. A case-control study was carried out comprising 493 cases and 472 controls. Cases were newborns whose birthweight was below the 10th percentile according to gestational age and sex, based on national norms, and controls were at or above the 10th percentile. Caffeine consumption from beverages was estimated for each pregnancy trimester. Maternal and newborn variants in the CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 genes involved in the metabolism of caffeine were determined. Contrasting consumption >or=300 mg/day with a lower level, or using caffeiwne as a continuous measure, while adjusting for smoking and nausea, showed no increased risk for SGA. However, when stratifying for cigarette smoking, caffeine odds ratios (for the continuous and dichotomous measures) in the first trimester were statistically heterogeneous, suggesting a greater risk among non-smokers. Using birthweight as the outcome and caffeine as a continuous measure, a small 38 g [95% confidence interval -68, -8] decrement for every 100 mg of daily caffeine was observed in the third trimester. The studied polymorphisms did not modify the effect of caffeine. Caffeine consumption is unlikely to be a major risk factor for SGA or low birthweight in pregnant women.
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PMID:Caffeine intake and small-for-gestational-age birth: modifying effects of xenobiotic-metabolising genes and smoking. 1756 86

Yahom Ampanthong, a Thai traditional medicine, is commonly used for treatment of nausea, vomiting and syncope. Its formula is composed of more than 10 medicinal plants. Currently, the herbal-drug interactions were reported among the case of co-administration of traditional and Western medicines, since cytochrome P450 enzymes involve in drug metabolism and affect the drug action. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Yahom extracts on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. Powder of Yahom Ampanthong was extracted with three different solvents, i.e., dichloromethane, methanol and distilled water. The activities of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 were determined after the administration of Yahom extracts for 4 weeks. All three extracts significantly inhibited CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 activities. In contrast, only dichloromethane and methanol extracts enhanced CYP2B activity. However, all three extracts did not affect CYP3A4 activity. When compared to the control group, the dichloromethane extract-treated animals showed shorter pentobarbital-induced sleeping time after treatment for 1 and 4 weeks. In conclusion, Yahom Ampanthong extracts modulated hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 activities and decreased the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Therefore, the concomitant administration of Yahom with certain drugs may give rise to the herbal-drug interaction, which may affect the clinical implication of drug actions.
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PMID:Interference of Thai traditional medicine (Yahom Ampanthong) on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. 2191 58

The safety profile of paracetamol and simvastatin is sufficiently well known, although no interactions between these two medicinal products have been described in the scientific literature so far. A 66-year-old female patient who experienced myocardial infarction and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting 9 years ago was taking simvastatin at a daily dose of 10 mg. Liver enzyme tests were carried out regularly, and their results were always normal. Later on, the patient took 6 tablets of fixed combination medicinal product Gripex(TM) (paracetamol, pseudoephedrine, and dextromethorphan) per day due to a fever. The daily dose of paracetamol taken by the patient totaled 1.95 g. The patient developed severe jaundice, nausea, vomiting; blood bilirubin levels increased more than 3 times; alanine transaminase, more than 10 times; and asparagine transaminase, more than 5 times. Paracetamol is metabolized by CYP enzymes (CYP2E1, 1A2, 2A6, 3A4) to a reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQI). Under conditions of excessive NAPQI formation or reduction in glutathione stores by approximately 70%, NAPQI covalently binds to the cysteinyl sulfhydryl groups of cellular proteins, forming NAPQI-protein adducts. Simvastatin is a substrate of CYP3A4 enzyme. Clinical and pharmacological data, available in the published literature, allow the assumption that simvastatin may induce CYP3A4 and result in increased hepatoxicity of paracetamol.
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PMID:Paracetamol and simvastatin: a potential interaction resulting in hepatotoxicity. 2303 11

Yahom Tultavai is a Thai traditional medicine that has been widely used for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, dizziness and weakness in aged-people, especially. Its formula contains several medicinal plants, and one of them is Kaempferia galanga L., which has ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) as its major compound. Recently, several herbs and traditional medicines have been reported to demonstrate herbal-drug interaction with conventional medicines. This study aims to investigate the effect of Yahom Tultavai extracts on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. Three extracts of Yahom Tultavai, using dichloromethane, methanol and distilled water as solvents were orally administered for 28 days prior to determine CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 activities. All three extracts significantly inhibited CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP 2E1 activities, but only dichloromethane extract enhanced CYP2B activity. In addition, all three extracts had no effect on CYP3A4 activity. As an indicator for metabolic drug interaction, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was decreased in connection with the induction of CYP2B activity between 7 and 28 days of dichloromethane extract and EPMC-treated animals when compared to control. In conclusion, Yahom Tultavai extracts affected hepatic microsomal CYP enzyme activities and reduced pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. The results suggest that Yahom Tultavai may potentially cause herbal and conventional drug interaction, which can affect the clinical implication of drug action. Therefore, the co-administration of Yahom Tultavai with certain drugs should be carefully considered.
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PMID:Moduratory effect of Thai traditional medicine (Yahom Tultavai) on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. 2414 13