Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

25 patients--19 to 73 years old--who underwent maxillofacial operations, received Spontavix for 10 to 12 days via a nasogastric tube. In 20% of the patients nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or abdominal pain occurred and disappeared after finishing nutrition with Spontavix. Mean frequency of defecation was 0.5/patient/24 hours. Body weight, serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH and base excess in the arterial blood, urea-nitrogen, hemoglobin and albumin content of the blood did not change significantly. Lipids in the serum increased insignificantly without leaving normal limits. During nutrition with Spontavix serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) showed a statistically significant increase which is believed to be caused by general anesthesia.
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PMID:[Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the tube feeding preparation Spontavix]. 4 69

A combination of doxorubicin ('Adriamycin") and B.C.N.U. (1,3 di[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea) (30 mg/m2 of each intravenously every 3-4 weeks) was used to treat thirteen multiple-myeloma patients who did not respond or were in relapse after remission produced by alkylating-agent/prednisone therapy. All cases were staged according to total-body myeloma-cell number and followed quantitatively for response to therapy. Seven of the thirteen patients responded (54%). Two had complete clinical remissions and a greater than 75% reduction in tumour-cell mass lasting 12 and 16 months. Five others had partial remissions with lesser degrees of tumour-mass reduction and bone pain and improved haemoglobin and serum-albumin concentrations. Toxicity was limited to occasional myelo-suppression, mild alopecia, and nausea. The results indicate the usefulness of doxorubicin/B.C.N.U. for myeloma patients who have relapsed during previously effective alkylating-agent therapy.
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PMID:Doxorubicin/B.C.N.U. chemotherapy for multiple myeloma in relapse. 5 35

The current state of knowledge in regard to nutritional requirements for pregnant and lactating women and for women who are taking oral contraceptives is reviewed. During pregnancy caloric intake should be moderately increased, and the consumption of 30-60 mg of iron and 800-1200 mg of calcium is recommended. Phosphorus intake should also be increased, but this increase should be balanced by a corresponding increase in calcium intake. Consumption of vitamins A and D should be increased but excessive increases should be avoided. Vitamin E should be slightly increased. The desirability of increasing vitamin K is till a matter of dispute. Pregnant women have a slightly increased need for most water soluble vitamins. Research has adequately demonstrated the need to increase folic acid and B6 consumption. There is some evidence that iodine, chromium, and zinc deficiencies may be teratogenic. Some care should be taken not to overconsume sodium, but the need for stringest restriction is unwarranted. Heavy consumption of alcohol and caffeine should definitely be discouraged during pregnancy. Certain problems experienced by pregnant women, such as nausea, may be managed through nutritional modification. The increased nutritional needs for lactating women can, in most cases, be met by increasing milk consumption by 3-3 1/2 cup/day and by consuming a well balanced diet. The content of maternal milk may to some extent be altered by the consumption patterns of the mothers. Ingestion of certain drugs and chemicals may also alter maternal milk. The use of oral contraceptives apparently affects metabolism, but the consequences of these effects are largely unknown. Oral contraceptive usage generally increases the serum levels of triglycerides, iron, copper, and vitamin A and reduces levels of some B vitamins of vitamin C and of zinc and albumin. These effects vary from woman to woman and at the present time there is no agreement on the need for dietary supplementation. The effects of a variety of drugs on lactating women and the effects of oral contraceptive usage on nutritional status are presented in tabular form.
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PMID:Nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, and oral contraception. 25 28

Thirty-eight obese patients, resistant to conventional diet therapy, agreed to consume a 1.09 MJ (260 kcal)/day semi-synthetic diet consisting of 25 g egg albumin, 40 g oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, and were seen weekly as outpatients for eight weeks. At the beginning, the semi-synthetic diet was given with either the anorectic drug, mazindol (2 mg/day) or a placebo for four weeks and then changed over for the remaining four weeks; the study being conducted on a double-blind basis. The final treatment was a 4.2 MJ (1000 KCAL) conventional diet for a further four weeks without drug or placebo. Twenty-five patients completed the first eight weeks and 21 patients the final four weeks of the trial. The total mean weight losses were as follows: week 4, 9.3 kg; week 8, 13.7 kg; week 12, 12.2 kg. There was no significant difference in weight loss between mazindol treatment and placebo but the former group reported feeling less hungry. The chief side-effects observed were dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, insomnia and depression which were more frequent with mazindol. Six patients had to stop mazindol because of side-effects, but were able to continue the diet alone. It is concluded that a semi-synthetic diet containing 1.09 MJ (260 kcal) daily can be successfully employed in the treatment of obese outpatients, and is a practical therapeutic alternative to admission to hospital. There is no clinical advantage to be gained by the additional use of the anorectic drug, mazindol.
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PMID:A double-blind trial of mazindol using a very low calorie formula diet. 36 31

Six patients with surgically treated Menetrier's disease are presented. Diffuse or focal cystic hyperplasia of mucous secreting epithelium of the fundus with antral sparing characterized the stomachs in all of these cases. In most instances the disorder was found during evaluation of non-specific complaints of pain, nausea and diarrhea. Only one patient had sufficient loss of albumin to produce server ankle edema and four of the others had below normal serum albumin levels without associated symptoms. One patient presented with life threatening bleeding from the hyperplastic mucosa. None of the patients had an associated endocrine neoplasm. All of the patients are living and without symptoms of disease for periods ranging from three to twelve years after resection of all or part of the hyperplastic mucosa. The rationale for surgical therapy in this condition is presented.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of sex cases. 84 40

Oxymetholone, a steroid which inhibits progesterone synthesis, was given to 6 women in early pregnancy to produce abortions. Patients were less than 7 weeks pregnant; duration since last menstrual period was less than 46 days when therapy started. Dosage varied from 50 mg daily for 7 days to 100 mg 3 times a day for 10 days. Serum HCG, progesterone, and estradiol levels were measured before, during, and after therapy. Also total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, and complete blood counts were obtained before and immediately after treatment. All determinations were normal, including the hormones. No abortions resulted from the therapy although some vaginal bleeding was noted by 3 patients. Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain were side effects in 4. Results indicate that oxymetholone is an ineffective agent for termination of early pregnancy.
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PMID:A study of the abortifacient effect of oxymetholone in early gestation. 113 38

This is the first report from Ethiopia of a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with AIDS. A 20-year-old woman was admitted to Tikur Anbessa Hospital in January 1990 with complaints of generalized pruritic skin lesions of six months, and headache, fever, and poor appetite of three months duration. The headache and low-grade intermittent fever were accompanied by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, without diarrhea. She had had multiple sex partners. Upon admission, after being bedridden for two weeks, she appeared acutely ill and restless. Her temperature was 39.5 degrees Celsius, and she had oral thrush. There was no lymphadenopathy. Widespread, irregular erythematous and whitish macular patches (3 x 5 to 8 x 10 sq. cm in size) with peripheral scaling and tiny vesicles were found on the skin, pubic and perineal regions. She had neck stiffness, but was conscious and well-oriented. Hemoglobin (Hb) was 10.5 g%; the white cell count (WBC) was 3400/cu. mm; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 92 mm/hr; the platelet count was 175,000/mm; and blood films were negative for hemoparasites. Urinalysis showed 3+ albumin and many pus cells and red cells/HPF. Urine culture was negative, and the VDRL test was nonreactive. Lumbar puncture, which was performed upon arrival, showed clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with normal protein and glucose levels and no cells. CSF culture showed yeast cells, and an India ink preparation was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. Blood taken for bacterial culture grew yeast cells. Renal and liver function tests, and chest x-rays were normal. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation from a skin snip showed rounded yeast cells. ELISA and Western blot tests were both positive. The patient was given supportive treatment and amphotericin B (0.6 mg/kg daily). Although the fever decreased, the patient's general condition did not improve. She complained of headache, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Lumbar puncture was repeated eight days after the start of treatment; CSF culture and India ink preparations were negative. Urea nitrogen (BUN) repeated two weeks later was normal. Four weeks after admission, the patient suddenly vomited massive amounts of fresh blood and died before transfusion could be given. A discussion follows regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, particularly in AIDS patients, with a review of the literature.
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PMID:Cryptococcal meningitis in a young Ethiopian woman with AIDS. 139 20

Lymphatics have been suggested to play a major role in the absorption of dialysate, which consequently affects the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. Neostigmine has been found to decrease lymphatic absorption in rats, presumably by causing constriction of the lymphatic stomata. We investigated the effect of neostigmine on seven continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in a prospective study. We performed modified peritoneal equilibration tests both with and without intraperitoneal neostigmine in a random order. Radiolabeled albumin (0.8 mg) was added to 2 liters of dialysate +/- 2.0 mg neostigmine. We evaluated ultrafiltration and creatinine, phosphate, and urea clearances. The dialysate bag and the peritoneum were scanned at the initiation and conclusion of the four-hour dwell period. We found no change in ultrafiltration, residual volumes, creatinine, phosphate and urea clearances, or albumin recovered. Of the seven patients exposed to neostigmine, four had diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In conclusion, we found that 2 mg i.p. neostigmine did cause significant side-effects and did not alter transport characteristics in CAPD patients.
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PMID:Effect of intraperitoneal neostigmine on peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD. 147 71

The effects of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) were studied in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients who had a normalized protein catabolic rate (PCRN) of less than or equal to 0.8 g/kg/day, and KT/V = 0.94 +/- 0.04. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition was administered during thrice weekly CHD for 3-6 months, and consisted of essential and nonessential amino acids (42.5 g), glucose (125 g), and lipid emulsion (50 g). Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, transferrin, pre-albumin, total lymphocyte count, anthropometrics, protein catabolic rate, 3 day historic dietary protein intake, and dietary energy intake (DEI) were measured at baseline, before IDPN, during IDPN, and at completion of IDPN. Six of nine enrolled patients completed the study. Reasons for withdrawal included nausea and hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. DPI normalized for body weight (DPIN) increased significantly from 0.75 +/- 0.1 to 1.02 +/- 0.18 (p = 0.02). Increases in PCRN (0.57 +/- 0.18 to 0.78 +/- 0.2) and DEI (1495 +/- 266 to 1681 +/- 358) did not reach statistical significance. More aggressive IDPN or a longer study period may be necessary to assess this form of nutritional intervention.
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PMID:Intradialytic parenteral nutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients. 175 Nov 94

From 1979-1983, 299 patients with stage III or IV Hodgkin's disease (HD) were randomised to receive cyclical chemotherapy with MOPP (mustine, Oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone) or LOPP (Leukeran substituted for mustine). Two hundred and ninety patients were evaluable. There was no statistically significant difference between the complete remission (CR) rates (63% for MOPP, 57% for LOPP), percentage of patients remaining disease free at 5 years (38% for MOPP, 35% for LOPP) and overall survival at 5 years (65% for MOPP, 64% for LOPP). On multivariate analysis younger age, grade I histopathology, absence of systemic symptoms, and normal albumin level were favourable prognostic factors for survival. Acute toxicity in the form of nausea/vomiting, myelosuppression, and phlebitis were less with LOPP than MOPP. Deaths in both groups were usually due to disseminated Hodgkin's disease; there were no infective deaths in the absence of Hodgkin's disease. Second malignancies occurred in six patients treated with MOPP--three acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), one non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), two carcinomas (Ca); with LOPP, four second malignancies occurred (one AML, one NHL, two Ca). These long term results confirm that LOPP is as effective as MOPP, and less toxic, in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:British National Lymphoma Investigation randomised study of MOPP (mustine, Oncovin, procarbazine, prednisolone) against LOPP (Leukeran substituted for mustine) in advanced Hodgkin's disease--long term results. 202 42


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