Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A depot-estrogen preparation (12.5 mg of estradiol benzoate and 10 mg of estradiol phenylpropionate in 1 ml oily solution) was used as a 'morning-after' injection (MAI) in 100 women (average age, 26 years; range, 15 to 45) within 72 hours after unprotected coitus. Venous blood samples obtained before and after drug injection were analyzed for radioimmunology measurements of plasma LH, FSH, prolactin (Prl), estradiol-17B and progesterone. In 80% of cases, unprotected coitus occurred between days 10 and 18 of the cycle. In 97.8%, MAI was administered within 48 hours after unprotected coitus. The preparation induced minimal cycle and bleeding pattern changes. 4 pregnancies were observed after MAI administration within 37 hours. However, it was found that in 1 case, pregnancy had already existed before the MAI. Thus, postcotal contraceptive efficiency of MAI was 97%, or failure rate was 3%. The side effects (eg, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, discomfort at injection site) are minimal and incidence is lower than those associated with oral postcoital estrogens. Increasing dose of injectable estrogens may result in a more acceptable failure rate.
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PMID:Postcoital contraception with an injectable estrogen preparation (Org 369 - 2). 677 52

Forty patients with hyperprolactinaemia were treated with metergoline (8 to 12 mg/day) for periods up to 5 years. Analysis of the results of clinical and biological tolerability showed that treatment was generally well tolerated and although 28 patients complained of drug-related side-effects of various kinds, principally nausea, these were usually mild, present at the beginning of treatment and disappeared spontaneously in spite of continued metergoline administration over a prolonged period. No patient stopped treatment because of side-effects. Laboratory parameters also stayed within normal levels and there was no evidence of any alterations in the ECG. It is concluded, therefore, that metergoline is a well-tolerated as well as an effective ergolinic compound for use in those patients in whom prolonged treatment with a prolactin-lowering drug is considered necessary.
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PMID:Treatment of hyperprolactinaemia with metergoline for periods up to 5 years: clinical and biological tolerability. 683 98

Ten women ages 22 to 39 years were treated with a single injection of Delestrogen on day 19 of the menstrual cycle and increasing doses of Parlodel on days 19 to 23. This treatment resulted in a shortening of the luteal phase and a decrease in the production of progesterone and had no effect on serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or prolactin levels. Side effects reported with this therapy included lethargy, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, depression, and nasal congestion. These preliminary clinical data suggest a combination of estrogen and bromocriptine regimen is luteolytic and may be useful as an interceptive abortifacient preparation in the human being.
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PMID:Evaluation of Delestrogen and Parlodel as a luteolytic agent in humans. 706 Jul 69

Pyridostigmine (PST), a cholinesterase inhibitor, induces a clear growth hormone (GH) release in man by suppression of hypothalamic somatostatin (SRIH). Somatostatin suppresses thyrotrophin (TSH) release in rats and men. Earlier studies showed that the thryotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced TSH response was not altered by 60-120 mg of PST. We studied whether a larger dose (180 mg) of PST can increase the TSH response to TRH. Six healthy young men were studied with the following six tests: (Test 1) 200 micrograms of TRH i.v.; (Test 2) 180 mg of PST po; (Test 3) three different doses of PST (60, 120, 180 mg) + TRH; (Test 4) 100 micrograms of octreotide (SMS) i.v.; (Test 5) SMS + TRH; (Test 6) PST + SMS + TRH. A large dose of PST (180 mg) significantly augmented GH, TSH and prolactin responses to TRH, while smaller doses of PST (60 and 120 mg) did not significantly increase the responses of GH and TSH. While the increased TRH-induced prolactin response by PST was not suppressed by SMS, the increased responses of GH and TSH were suppressed remarkably by SMS. Most of the subjects noticed a mild to moderate abdominal pain, nausea and muscular fasciculation after the administration of a large dose of PST administration. These data suggest that suppression of hypothalamic SRIH secretion by 180 mg of PST can augment the TSH response to TRH. However, the considerable side effects should be minimized before clinical application of the combined PST-TRH test.
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PMID:Combined pyridostigmine-thyrotrophin-releasing hormone test for the evaluation of hypothalamic somatostatinergic activity in healthy normal men. 758 70

Six normal controls participated in two or three individual, intravenous challenges (each separated by 1 week) of saline or one of two doses of arecoline at 8 AM following ingestion of 1 mg dexamethasone at 12 midnight the previous evening. Individuals differed in their subjective and neuroendocrine responses to arecoline. At 2.1 micrograms/kg (n = 4) or 2.8 micrograms/kg (n = 1), four of five subjects evidenced dexamethone suppression test (DST) nonsuppression, which followed the rise in prolactin. Cholinergic side effects and nausea were minimal. At a dose of 4.2 micrograms/kg, four of five subjects evidenced cortisol escape from dexamethasone suppression, which was associated with a substantial rise in prolactin, some subjective cholinergic symptoms, and little to modest nausea. These data are consistent with the notion that cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the escape from dexamethasone suppression. Further, arecoline may be preferable to physostigmine as a cholinergic agonist, since it appears less likely to cause marked cholinergic side effects and significant nausea.
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PMID:Arecoline reverses dexamethasone suppression of cortisol in normal males: a pilot study. 764 66

Cabergoline is a synthetic ergoline which shows high specificity and affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor. It is a potent and very long-acting inhibitor of prolactin secretion. Prolactin-lowering effects occur rapidly and, after a single dose, were evident at the end of follow up (21 days) in puerperal women, and up to 14 days in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. In the only comparative study to date, cabergoline 0.5 to 1.0 mg twice weekly was more effective than bromocriptine 2.5 to 5.0 mg twice daily in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea, restoring ovulatory cycles in 72% of women and normalising plasma prolactin levels in 83%, compared with 52 and 58%, respectively, for bromocriptine. In the prevention of puerperal lactation, a single dose of cabergoline 1.0mg was as effective as bromocriptine 2.5mg twice daily for 14 days. A significantly lower incidence of rebound lactation in the third postpartum week was seen with cabergoline. Unpublished data suggest cabergoline 0.25mg twice daily for 2 days is effective in suppressing established puerperal lactation in about 85% of women. Nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness are characteristic adverse events of the dopaminergic ergot derivatives. Cabergoline appears to be better tolerated than bromocriptine in both patients with hyperprolactinaemia and postpartum women. Most patients intolerant of other ergot derivatives can tolerate cabergoline. Bromocriptine use in the puerperium has been associated with an increased risk of serious thromboembolic events. However, there are no such reports with cabergoline and whether these events will become associated with other dopaminergic agents is unknown. The teratogenic potential of cabergoline has not been extensively investigated in humans. Ten congenital abnormalities have been reported in 199 cabergoline-associated pregnancies. Although there is no pattern to these abnormalities, the limited experience with cabergoline in pregnancy means the drug cannot be considered as a first-line therapy for the treatment of infertility associated with hyperprolactinaemia. At this stage of its development, cabergoline will prove useful in patients with hyperprolactinaemia who have failed treatment with, or are intolerant of, other dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine. If drug treatment is required for the prevention or suppression of puerperal lactation, cabergoline offers significant advantages over bromocriptine and should become the drug treatment of first choice for this indication.
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PMID:Cabergoline. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia and inhibition of lactation. 772 32

In an open, non-randomized prospective phase-III-study the clinical and endocrine efficacy as well as the safety of leuprorelin acetate depot (Enantone-Gyn Monats-Depot) were investigated. The therapeutic results of 198 patients, gathered from 5 university institutions and two city hospitals, are reported. Endometriosis was classified by the revised American Fertility Society score (r-AFS) before and at the end of treatment. Serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and leuprorelin acetate were determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean total r-AFS score changed as follows: before surgical intervention during first-look laparoscopy 21 +/- 24 at the end of first-look laparoscopy 15 +/- 19 at the end of the GnRH-treatment 8 +/- 14 During leuprorelin acetate treatment the r-AFS stages changed as follows: [table; see text] Using the scoring system 85.2% of the patients improved. Relief of dysmenorrhoea could be achieved in 95.4%, relief of dyspareunia in 64% and of pelvic pain in 69.4% of patients. Baseline hormone levels dropped sharply during treatment. [table; see text] Androstenedione, testosterone, blood pressure, body weight, haematological parameters, liver enzymes, creatinine, electrolytes and HDL-/LDL-cholesterin remained more or less unchanged. Side effects being hot flushes, sweating, sleeplessness, headache, nausea, depression and vaginal dryness were due to estradiol deprivation. In 135 patients resumption of menstruation occurred in 95.6% within the first three months post-treatment. 23 patients of whom 21 were judged as infertile, became pregnant immediately after treatment was finished. The study results confirm the efficacy of leuprorelin acetate depot in the treatment of even advanced stages of endometriosis.
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PMID:[Treatment of endometriosis with the GnRH agonist leuprorelin acetate depot (Enatone-Gyn monthly depot): a multicenter study]. 784 80

The clinical effects of CV 205-502, a potent and non-ergot-derived dopamine agonist, were investigated in 24 selected patients with hyperprolactinemia previously treated with standard oral bromocriptine, the slow-release oral form of bromocriptine (BRC-SRO) and/or the long-acting injectable form of bromocriptine (BRC-LAR); 14 were chosen because of their resistance to treatment and ten because they were intolerant of the different forms of bromocriptine. A macroprolactinoma was present in seven patients and a microprolactinoma in ten, whereas seven had no radiological images of a pituitary tumor and were classified as having non-tumoral hyperprolactinemia. All the 24 patients were treated with CV 205-502 at a daily dose of 0.075-0.6 mg for 3-12 months. All the patients had gonadal dysfunction and galactorrhea. Basal serum prolactin values ranged from 70 to 1677 ng/ml. CV 205-502 was effective in 11 of the 14 patients resistant bromocriptine, BRC-SRO and BRC-LAR; serum prolactin levels became normal within 6 months and a tumor shrinkage was obtained in five of the seven macroprolactinomas. In general, the drug was effective and well tolerated. Only three patients (two resistant and one intolerant) manifested nausea, vomiting and postural hypotension. In conclusion, this study shows that CV 205-502 is effective in bromocriptine-resistant hyperprolactinemic patients. Furthermore, CV 205-502 has insignificant and tolerable side-effects in patients intolerant of bromocriptine. CV 205-502 can, therefore, be considered a useful and effective drug, and an interesting therapeutic alternative to the ergot-derived dopamine-agonist drugs in use today.
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PMID:Positive response to compound CV 205-502 in hyperprolactinemic patients resistant to or intolerant of bromocriptine. 784 2

Lactation in humans requires the collaboration of neural and endocrine systems. During pregnancy and after parturition prolactin and also sex steroids, corticoids, growth hormone and human placental lactogen are necessary for lactogenesis. In an open, simple and prospective study, 50 women with normal delivery or cesarean section, between 34 and 41 weeks of gestation, were treated with lisuride, 0.2 mg t.i.d. for 14 days in order to inhibit lactation. The arrest of lactation was mandatory for medical reasons and the results were evaluated by changes in breast related with shape, volume, symmetry, coloring, temperature, turgescence, venous appearance, nipple condition, colostrum and lymph nodes increase. Lactation that was already present in 87% of patients in the first exploration 24 hours after delivery was satisfactorily suppressed and also breast pain, engorgement and discomfort caused by milk leakage. None had rebound lactation. 5 patients had light nausea. The dopamine agonist lisuride can be used for primary arrest of lactation with clinical effectiveness and without potential dangerous side effects of hormonal compounds.
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PMID:[Inhibition of lactation with lisuride. CLinical evaluation]. 816 21

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and/or gold salts were unsuccessful alone in providing symptom relief in three men with rheumatoid psoriasis. All three were treated with bromocriptine (5 mg/d in 2 doses) after verification of normal baseline and protirelin-stimulation prolactin levels. There was a beneficial effect in nocturnal pain relief, morning stiffness, the Lee and Ritchie scores and biological markers of inflammation. Two of the patients were able to return to regular work occupation after 15 and 45 days. In the third patient, bromocriptine was discontinued due to nausea and dizziness but was reintroduced successfully in fractionated doses after recurrence of the symptomatology. Treatment was continued without secondary adverse effects for 3 to 9 months providing continued symptom relief. Bromocriptine can be an effective adjuvant for the management of rheumatoid psoriasis.
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PMID:[Treatment of rheumatoid psoriasis with bromocriptine]. 854 82


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