Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chemotherapy has had limited success in biliary tract cancer. Of the newer agents, gemcitabine (Gemzar) and irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) both have single-agent activity in patients with advanced disease. We conducted a phase II trial to study the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of gemcitabine plus irinotecan in patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer. The study has enrolled 14 patients with histologically or cytologically documented cancer of the biliary tract or gallbladder with bidimensionally measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, decompressed biliary tree, and no prior exposure to chemotherapy. Gemcitabine at 1,000 mg/m2 and irinotecan at 100 mg/m2 were both administered on days 1 and 8, every 21 days. In patients who had less than grade 3 hematologic and less than grade 2 nonhematologic toxicity following cycle 1, the dose of irinotecan was increased to 115 mg/m2 for subsequent cycles. A total of 65 cycles of chemotherapy have been administered, with an average of 4.5 cycles per patient (range: 1 to 11 cycles). The median treatment duration was 3 months (range: 0.75 to 8 months). An objective partial response was determined radiographically in two patients (14%) while stable disease for periods ranging from 4 to 11.5 months was noted in six patients (43%). Toxicity consisted of grade 3/4 neutropenia in seven patients (50%) with no episodes of febrile neutropenia, grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in four (28%), grade 3 diarrhea in two (14%), and grade 3 nausea in one patient. The combination of gemcitabine plus irinotecan appears to possess modest clinical activity, and it is well tolerated in patients with advanced biliary cancer. Patient accrual is ongoing to this study.
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PMID:Gemcitabine and irinotecan in locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer: preliminary report. 1456 44

We report a cisplatin and irinotecan combination in patients with biopsy-proven advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients were selected from a specialist centre and required good performance status (KPS>70%), measurable disease on CT scan, and biochemical and haematological parameters within normal limits. Based on a two-stage phase II design, we aimed to treat 22 patients initially. The study was stopped because of the death of the 19th patient during the first treatment cycle, with neutropenic sepsis and multiorgan failure. A total of 89 treatments were administered to 17 patients. Serious grade 3/4 toxicities were haematological (neutropenia) 6%, diarrhoea 6%, nausea 7% and vomiting 6%. Using the clinical benefit response (CBR) criteria, no patients had an overall CBR. For responses confirmed by CT examination, there was one partial response (5%), three stable diseases lasting greater than 6 weeks (16%), with an overall 22% with disease control (PR+SD). The median progression-free and overall survival was 3.1 months (95% CI: 1.3-3.7) and 5.0 (95% CI: 3.9-10.1) months, respectively. Although this synergistic combination has improved the response rates and survival of other solid tumours, we recommend caution when using this combination in the palliation of advanced pancreatic cancer, because of unexpected toxicity.
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PMID:A phase II irinotecan-cisplatin combination in advanced pancreatic cancer. 1461 93

A pilot study has been conducted since January 2002 to investigate whether chemotherapy with docetaxel, 5-FU, CDDP could be an effective regimen for recurrent esophageal cancer. Ten patients with recurrent esophageal cancer were treated with the combination of docetaxel 60 mg/m2 (day 1), CDDP 10 mg/body (days 1-5) and 5-FU 500 mg/body (days 1-5) at intervals of 2-3 weeks. All patients had undergone surgery, had a recurrent tumor and had already been treated with chemo-radiotherapy or chemotherapy with CDDP + 5-FU. Response evaluation in 10 patients with measurable disease: partial response 4 patients, stable disease 2 patients and progressive disease 4 patients. The main NCI-CT grade 3/4 toxicity was leukopenia (8/10). Mild to moderate nausea (> or = grade 2) occurred in 3/10 patients.
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PMID:[Preliminary evaluation of chemotherapy with docetaxel, 5-FU, CDDP for recurrent esophageal cancer--a pilot study]. 1465 Sep 66

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan (CPT-11) in combination with raltitrexed as first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 91 previously untreated patients with advanced CRC and measurable disease were enrolled in this phase II study. The median age was 62 years (range 31-77); male/female 54/37; ECOG performance status was 0 in 50 patients (55%), one in 39 (43%) and two in two (2%). Treatment consisted of CPT-11 350 mg x m(-2) in a 30-min intravenous infusion on day 1, followed after 30 min by a 15-min infusion of raltitrexed 3 mg x m(-2). Measurements of efficacy included the following: response rate, time to disease progression and overall survival. Of the 83 evaluable patients valuable to objective response, there were five complete responses (6%) and 23 partial responses (28%), for an overall response rate of 34% (95% CI: 25.9-46.5%). In all, 36 patients (43%) had stable disease, whereas 19 (23%) had a progression. The median time to progression was 11.1 months and the median overall survival was 15.6 months. A total of 487 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered with a median of five per patient. Grade 3-4 WHO toxicities were as follows: diarrhoea in 13 patients (15%), nausea/vomiting in four (4%), transaminase increase in six (7%), stomatitis in two (2%), febrile neutropenia in three (3%), anaemia in five (6%) and asthenia in three (3%). The combination CPT-11-raltitrexed is an effective, well-tolerated and convenient regimen as front-line treatment of advanced CRC.
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PMID:Irinotecan plus raltitrexed as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer: a phase II study. 1508 76

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, assessed as response rate, and toxicity of UFT (Tegafur-Uracil) in combination with oxaliplatin as first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). In all, 84 patients with recurrent or metastatic CRC with measurable disease were included. Treatment consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg m(-2) in 120-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion on days 1 and 15; i.v. l,leucovorin (l,LV) 250 mg m(-2) given in 2 h on day 1, followed by oral UFT 390 mg m(-2) on days 1-14, and oral l,LV 7.5 mg/12 h on days 2-14. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. A total of 492 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered with a median of six per patient (range 1-12). There was one complete response (1%) and 28 partial responses (34%) for an overall response rate of 35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 24-46%). A total of 36 patients (44%) had stable disease, whereas 17 (21%) had a progression. The median time to progression was 7.3 months and the median overall survival was 16.8 months. A prescheduled preliminary analysis was performed after inclusion of 16 patients who detected a high gastrointestinal toxicity, which led to a reduction of the UFT dose to 300 mg m(-2). With this new dosage, grade 3-4 diarrhoea and grade 3-4 nausea/vomiting dropped to 21 and 14% of patients, respectively. Other grade 3-4 toxicities were stomatitis in one (1%), anaemia in three (5%), neutropenia in two (3%), thrombocytopenia in one(1%), fatigue in six (9%), peripheral sensory neuropathy in nine (14%) and laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia in two patients (2%). The combination of oxaliplatin and UFT-l,LV is an active, easy-to-administer regimen with moderate toxicity. Hence, this regimen is worthy of further investigation.
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PMID:Phase II study of UFT and oxaliplatin in first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. 1550 21

JM-216 is an orally bioavailable platinum compound with activity against many tumor models. The objective of this study was to determine the safety profile and anti-tumor activity of JM-216 in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) when given orally daily x 5 days. In this open label phase II study JM-216 was administered orally at the dose of 120 mg/m2/d for 5 days every 4 weeks. Patients continued on the therapy until evidence of disease progression or intolerable toxicity developed. Dose escalation and de-escalation were allowed according to patient's tolerance. Thirty-nine patients were enrolled onto the study and received a total of 155 courses (median 2, range 1-16) of JM-216. Dose delays (77% of courses) and dose reductions (31% of courses) were common and were mainly due to myelosupression. Treatment was discontinued in 5 patients due to treatment related toxicities. One patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome 11 months after the start of treatment. The most frequent grade III or higher adverse events included thrombocytopenia (54%), neutropenia (52%), anemia (24%) nausea (13%), vomiting (16%) and diarrhea (28%). PSA response was assessed in 32 patients, 10 (26%) had partial response, 14 (36%) had stable disease while PSA progression was seen in 8 (21%) patients. Of 20 (54%) patients with measurable disease two patients had a documented partial response. Although JM-216 had moderate activity in HRPC when given on daily basis for 5 days, it is associated with significant treatment related toxicities in this patient population.
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PMID:Phase II study of oral bis (aceto) ammine dichloro (cyclohexamine) platinum (IV) (JM-216, BMS-182751) given daily x 5 in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). 1552 84

The efficacy of weekly paclitaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer and its addictive cytotoxicity with anthracycline derivatives led us to determine the safety and efficacy of a weekly schedule of paclitaxel and epirubicin. Between October 2000 and November 2002, 32 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients characteristics included a median age of 72 years (range 68-77), adequate hepatic, cardiac, renal and bone marrow functions, ECOG performance status of 1-2, and no prior chemotherapy. All patients had received hormonal manipulation and seven patients (22%) had received prior palliative radiation therapy. The regimen consisted of paclitaxel 70 mg/m2 i.v. infusion for 2 h and epirubicin 30 mg/m2 in bolus every week. Treatment was continued for 3 months or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity were observed. During the study, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was monitored and response was defined as a 50% reduction in PSA levels, to be confirmed 4 weeks later. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for toxicity and 21 for objective response. Seventeen patients (57%) had a decline above 50% in PSA level that lasted more than 4 weeks with a median time to PSA progression and a median duration of PSA response of approximately 5.5 months. Ten of the 21 patients with measurable disease (47%) had a confirmed objective response (one complete response and 20 partial responses). Thirteen of 25 symptomatic patients (56 %) had improvement in pain. The median time to disease progression was 7.6 months and the median survival was 12.9. The most prominent grade 3 toxicities were reversible myelosuppression and fatigue. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and peripheral edema were minimal. No evidence of cardiac toxicity was recorded. Alopecia was frequent, but reversible, in all patients. We conclude that despite the small sample size, this study demonstrates that the combination of weekly paclitaxel and epirubicin is a well-tolerated regimen for androgen-independent prostate cancer. The results imply that a combination of these agents in a weekly schedule may have clinical potential in prostate cancer treatment.
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PMID:Weekly paclitaxel and epirubicin in the treatment of symptomatic hormone-refractory advanced prostate carcinoma: report of a phase II trial. 1561 6

We studied the activity of T138067-sodium in patients with malignant gliomas. T138067-sodium is a unique new chemotherapy agent that inhibits microtubule formation by binding irreversibly and specifically to beta(1), beta(2)and beta(4) isotypes of 3-tubulin, causing cell arrest at G(2)/M and inducing apoptosis. Patients with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme were treated intravenously with 330 mg/m(2) of T138067-sodium weekly. Treatment was continued until the patient experienced either unacceptable toxicity or progressive disease. Patients had to have histologically proven glioma, have bidimensionally measurable disease at least 1 cm x 1 cm, and have received no more than one prior adjuvant chemotherapy. No chemotherapy or radiotherapy for recurrent disease was permitted. Nineteen patients entered the trial. One patient was found to be ineligible. There were two patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 16 with glioblastoma multiforme. Only two patients had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy. The first seven patients had full pharmacokinetic sampling. No dose-limiting toxicity was seen, and pharmacokinetic results were consistent with those from nonglioma patients. The most common drug-related effects were fatigue (33%), nausea (28%), neutropenia (28%), and anorexia (17%). No patients stopped the study because of toxicity. No responses were seen in the 15 eligible patients who completed at least one cycle. Three patients had stable disease with a median duration of 2.6 months. Our results suggest that given in this dose and schedule T138067-sodium does not have activity in this population of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme.
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PMID:Phase 2 study of T138067-sodium in patients with malignant glioma: Trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. 1583 Dec 36

Capecitabine and gemcitabine are used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors including pancreatic and biliary tract carcinomas. The authors evaluated survival, response, and toxicity associated with using a combination of capecitabine and gemcitabine to treat patients with unresectable or metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBC). Eligible patients had histologically- or cytologically-confirmed GBC, no prior systemic therapy with capecitabine or gemcitabine, Karnofsky Performance Status 70%, serum total bilirubin up to three times normal, and measurable disease. Treatment consisted of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV on Days 1 and 8 concurrent with administration of capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 PO BID on Days 1 through 14, on a 3-week cycle. Tumor response was assessed by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST criteria) and survival was calculated from initiation of CapGem therapy. A total of 24 patients were enrolled. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 62 years (range, 41-78 years). Fourteen patients had undergone prior surgery. Results showed that eight patients achieved partial response (33%) with an additional 10 patients achieving stable disease (42%). The overall median time to disease progression was 6.0 months (95% CI, 3.8-8.1 months) and overall survival was 16 months (95% CI, 13.8-18.3 months). The one-year survival rate was 58%. No Grade 4 toxicity was seen. Transient Grade 3 neutropenia/ thrombocytopenia and manageable nausea, hand-foot syndrome and anorexia were the most common toxicities. Our study shows that CapGem is an active and well-tolerated chemotherapy regimen in patients with advanced GBC.
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PMID:A Phase II study of capecitabine combined with gemcitabine in patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma. 1612 78

Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated on a Phase II trial with imatinib. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed RCC, metastatic and measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of at least 70%, life expectancy of more than 3 months, and adequate hematological, renal, and liver function. Imatinib was given orally at a dose of 400 mg bid. The most common toxicities were Grade II/III nausea (28%) and Grade II renal insufficiency (14%). All patients had tumor tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KIT protein (CD117, DAKO). One tumor (7%) demonstrated strong, diffuse expression and the rest were negative. No complete or partial responses were observed in 12 evaluable patients treated with imatinib.
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PMID:Phase II trial of imatinib (Gleevec) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 1638 Aug 35


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