Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicentre study of IL2 and IFN alpha has been performed in 58 patients with metastatic melanoma. The scheme consisted of IL2 3.0 BRMP MU/m2/d as a continuous infusion for 4 d combined with subcutaneous administration of IFN alpha 6 MU/m2/d, day 1 + 4. The cycle was repeated every 2 weeks for a maximum duration of 26 weeks. 54 patients were evaluable for response. One (2%) achieved a complete and 10 (19%) a partial response. 19 (35%) patients were stable and 24 (44%) showed progressive disease. Common side-effects included fever, chills, fatigue, skin rash, anorexia, nausea and diarrhoea. Hypothyroidism was noted in 10% of the patients. These results show that this regimen of IL2 and IFN alpha is active but, in contrast to what could be expected, not superior to IL2 alone possibly due to suboptimal dosing. In an ongoing study in Rotterdam and Nijmegen, a more intense schedule was chosen, consisting of three daily i.v. doses of IL2 4.5 BRMP MU/m2 and IFN alpha 3.0 MU/m2 for 5 d. This regimen is repeated at intervals of 3 weeks for a total of three cycles. Presently, nine patients have been entered. One patient achieved a complete response, four a partial response (overall 56%), three had stable disease and one progressed. Toxicity was severe and treatment was prematurely stopped in five patients: myocardial infarction (one patient), atrial fibrillation (one patient), negative T waves and myocardial hypokinesia (one patient) and psychosis (two patients). This regimen can only be justified if the therapeutic results are superb, which has yet to be awaited.
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PMID:Clinical experience with the combined use of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL2) and interferon alfa-2a (IFN alpha) in metastatic melanoma. 193 17

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), the most common cause of food poisoning, is capable of stimulating human T lymphocyte proliferation at concentrations as low as 10(-13) to 10(-16) M. SEA also induces the lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL 2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) at similarly low concentrations. HPL cultures were stimulated with SEA in the presence of antibodies to IL2 to determine the possible role of this lymphokine in its potent mitogenic effects. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to human IL 2 blocked SEA-induced mitogenesis. Treatment of cultures with higher concentrations of SEA overcame the anti-IL 2 blockage, corresponding to induction of higher concentrations of IL 2. Blockage of HPL mitogenesis by anti-IL 2 antibodies also resulted in inhibition of IFN gamma production, which is dependent on IL 2. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IFN gamma failed to block SEA-induced proliferation. The data indicate that the induction of IL 2, but not IFN gamma, is a requirement for SEA induced lymphocyte proliferation. SEA food poisoning and IL 2 therapy for cancer result in similar toxic symptoms, characterized by malaise, fever, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea. The similarity between SEA and IL2 toxic effects, the fact that SEA is a potent inducer of lymphokines such as IL 2, and the fact that IL 2 induction is a prerequisite for the mitogenic effects of SEA raises the intriguing question of the role of lymphokines such as IL 2 in SEA-induced food poisoning.
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PMID:Potent mitogenic activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A requires induction of interleukin 2. 313 70

The introduction of quadruple induction therapy after liver transplantation with the murine anti-interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) antibody (BT563) has decreased the incidence of serious side effects, such as tachycardia, hypertension, rash, fever and nausea since it does not lyse its target cell. To investigate the immunosuppressive efficacy of BT563, a placebo-controlled trial was performed and BT563 was added to the standard triple induction after liver transplantation. Forty consecutive recipients of primary orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) (median age 47 yr [range 18-65]) were randomized. All patients received triple immunosuppression with cyclosporine A (CyA), prednisolone (PRED) and azathioprine (AZA). In addition, 19 patients received BT563 (Biotest, Dreieich, Germany) at a dose of 10 mg/d from day 0 until day 12. The remaining 21 patients received a placebo infusion at the same days after transplantation. Minimal follow-up for all patients was 3 yr. Patient survival at 3 yr was 74% in the BT563 group and 90% in placebo group. Similar results were observed for graft survival. Two acute rejection episodes were detected in the BT563 group and 9 acute rejections (5 steroid-resistant) were observed in the placebo group (p < 0.034). The incidences of sepsis, pneumonia, cholangitis, urinary tract infections as well as cytomegalo-virus (CMV) infections were similar in both groups. Side effects of the BT563 therapy and/or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) were not detected. Quadruple induction therapy with BT563 significantly reduces the incidence of rejection episodes after liver transplantation, while infectious complications and/or PTLD is not increased. Therefore, the anti-IL2 receptor antibody BT563 constitutes a safe and efficient addition to the immunosuppressive induction regimen following OLT.
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PMID:A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody for immunosuppressive induction therapy after liver transplantation. 968 24