Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One of the most appealing current pathogenetic concepts is that progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) is a reaction to repeated episodes of endothelial cell injury. Injury of small arteries and capillary endothelium initiates reactions which involve increased permeability of the vessels, platelet adherence, myointimal cell proliferation, luminal narrowing and heightened sensitivity of the vessel wall. Clinical evidence of the vessel damage is Raynaud's phenomenon, involving both skin and viscera. The Authors evaluated the effects of iloprost on Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with PSS. This drug provides prolonged vasodilation, reduces platelet aggregation and promotes endothelial lining function repair. This last pattern is of primary importance because it may stop the vicious circle: endothelial injury-platelet hyperaggregation-microangiospasm. Five females were recruited, aged 41-66 years, suffering from well-documented (ARA criteria) PSS, associated with typical Raynaud's phenomenon. The trial provided for intravenous infusion of iloprost at a rate of 1-2 ng/kg/min. First treatment consisted of six-hour infusions on six successive days. After this first treatment, weekly infusions during the winter months were carried on. Drug effectiveness was considered through subjective and objective parameters. All patients showed prominent reduction of number, duration and severity of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon, improvement of prehensile strength, healing of finger ulcerations and improvement or normalization of digital photoplethysmography. So far, the treatment has been prolonged for years in our patients and still goes on. The side effects of iloprost (headache, flushing, nausea) have been very poor. Therefore, iloprost proved to be a valid drug in the management of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with PSS, but the inconvenience of intravenous administration may limit its routine use.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term iloprost therapy on Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis]. 128 Dec 97

The long term efficacy and tolerability of sulphasalazine (SASP) in the treatment of 21 patients with active classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined and compared with the effects of penicillamine in a similarly active group of RA patients. Nineteen of the 21 patients treated with SASP improved during the first 6 months as shown by significant changes in the clinical and laboratory variables. Clinical improvement was maintained for the remainder of the year. Improvement in laboratory variables was maintained at 9 months but showed some deterioration at 1 year. Six patients went into remission by the ARA criteria, and 16 were able to continue the drug at the end of 1 year. In addition SASP had a steroid-sparing effect in 4 of the patients on systemic steroids. No potentially dangerous side effects were encountered by the end of the first year, although 5 patients were withdrawn. Dyspepsia, nausea and abdominal discomfort were the most common side-effects, although rashes (3) and macrocytosis (2) also occurred. Eighteen of the 21 patients treated with penicillamine improved during 9 months, although there was some deterioration at 1 year. Eight patients were withdrawn because of side-effects - thrombocytopenia (5), nephrotic syndrome (1) and proteinuria (2). This study suggests that SASP has a disease modifying action maintained over a year and associated with low toxicity. It is a useful addition to the small number of second-line drugs with a possibly different mode of action.
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PMID:The long term effects of sulphasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and a comparative study with penicillamine. 615 82

Twenty-two patients with severe long-standing rheumatoid arthritis were treated with oral zinc sulphate in a prospective long-term open trial. Six patients had (only subjective) improvement during the first 6 months of treatment, but all deteriorated subsequently. The remaining 16 deteriorated or did not improve and these patients expressed a wish to stop taking the drug after a mean period of 5 months. In the whole group of 22 patients, neither the number of affected joints, the ARA grading, nor functional classification changed significantly, nor did ESR, haemoglobin, haematocrit, or platelet count. The unpleasant taste and nausea caused by zinc sulphate was the main side effect. Our study confirms that ZnSO4 has no long-lasting beneficial effect for patients severely affected with rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Lack of beneficial effect of zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. 675 Jul 81

In a 30-year-old male patient systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed based on the presence of 8 out of 11 ARA criteria. Disease onset was acute and included renal function impairment with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (WHO class IV) requiring renal replacement therapy. Although conventional immunosuppressive therapy regimens proved effective in controlling disease activity, all of the administered drugs were accompanied by serious side effects: bilateral femur head necrosis with corticosteroids, allergic skin reaction in response to azathioprine, nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine, nausea and abdominal pain with mycophenolate mofetil and life-threatening septicemia with cyclophosphamide treatment. In search for alternative treatment options, tacrolimus (FK506, trough serum levels 3-6 ng/ml) was started. FK506 was well-tolerated and lupus activity completely resolved within 7 months after initiation of therapy. During 36 months of follow-up no arthritic complaints occurred and renal function stabilized at a serum creatinine of 2.1 mg/dl with negative anti-ds-DNA antibodies and ANA titers. In conclusion, FK506 may be considered as alternative immunosuppressive for maintenance treatment in patients with severe lupus erythematosus and side effects to conventional regimens.
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PMID:Tacrolimus- (FK 506) based immunosuppression in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. 1526 13