Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe), HBV DNA positivity, and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation who failed previous interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) therapy were included in a pilot study of combination therapy with ribavirin and IFN-alpha. The patients received daily oral ribavirin (1,000-1,200 mg according to body weight) plus 5 million units (MU) IFN-alpha2b three times a week for 12 months and were followed-up for 12 months. The median viremia level decreased significantly at the end of treatment (1.2 x 10(3) copies/mL) and follow-up (4.0 x 10(2) copies/mL) compared with the baseline (3.0 x 10(6) copies/mL; P <.05). After 12 months, 8 of 24 (33%) patients had cleared HBV DNA and 12 (50%) had normal ALT levels. At the end of the study virological and biochemical response was 50% and 21%, respectively. Thus, virological and biochemical response sustained in 5 of 24 (21%) patients retreated with ribavirin and IFN-alpha; none of them lost hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Liver histology improved in 2 of 4 sustained responders but in none of the 12 nonresponders with paired biopsies (P =.05). The response was independent of dose and duration of previous treatment, viral load, or the distribution of HBV precore wild-type/mutant variants. However, sustained responders had significantly higher necroinflammation (P =.036) and fibrosis (P =.007) scores. IFN-alpha-related side effects were mild and reversible on discontinuation. In 4 (17%) patients who suffered nausea and diarrhea the ribavirin dosage was reduced by 50% after 1 month of therapy and finally discontinued in all of them. No patient had liver disease decompensation. In summary, combination therapy with ribavirin and IFN-alpha may be efficacious to treat viremic anti-HBe-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B who have failed previous IFN therapy.
 ...
PMID:Pilot study of combination therapy with ribavirin and interferon alfa for the retreatment of chronic hepatitis B e antibody-positive patients. 1065 77

We analysed data from a multicentre interferon (IFN) treatment trial to evaluate symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C and to identify factors that might predict development of debilitating IFN side-effects. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (120 US, 102 French) received 3 or 5 million units (MU) of IFN-alpha three times weekly (t.i.w.) for 3 months. Those who had detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, as detected by the branched DNA signal amplification (bDNA) assay, at 3 months were intensified to daily therapy, while patients who were bDNA negative continued t.i.w. dosing for the subsequent 3 months of treatment. Symptoms were assessed at baseline, and adverse effects were evaluated at 6 months of therapy. Prior to treatment, the most common symptom that interfered with daily functioning was fatigue, occurring in 25% of patients. The frequency of debilitating fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, the presence of dry eyes and dry mouth, and use of antidepressant medication increased significantly from baseline to 6 months of IFN therapy (all P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the development of a debilitating side-effect at 6 months of treatment was associated with the presence of that symptom prior to therapy in all cases. Symptoms and adverse effects varied by gender and country. Compared with patients maintained on t.i.w. dosing, those who were dose intensified to daily IFN reported more debilitating fatigue, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, nausea, and headache, and the presence of dry mouth (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, patient characteristics, including pretreatment symptoms, gender and nationality, as well as daily IFN dosing are associated with the development of debilitating adverse effects on IFN therapy.
 ...
PMID:Pretreatment symptoms and dosing regimen predict side-effects of interferon therapy for hepatitis C. 1084 63

Twenty-four patients with advanced cancer were treated with 5-Fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 intravenously and interferon-alfa-2b 3 MU subcutaneously both given weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week hiatus. The median age of patients treated on this study was 66 years. Mild to moderate leukopenia, nausea/emesis, and anemia were the most common toxicities. There were no treatment-related deaths and only 1 episode of grade IV toxicity (leukopenia in a patient who was receiving concurrent radiation therapy). Two complete responses, 7 partial responses and 1 prolonged minor response (pancreas cancer--12+ months) have been seen. Weekly 5-FU and interferon is well-tolerated and shows activity in selected patients with advanced cancer.
 ...
PMID:Weekly 5-fluorouracil and interferon-alfa-2b in metastatic cancer. 1085 36

Eighteen patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had previously received no systemic chemotherapy, were treated on this phase II study with interferon-alfa-2b 8 MU tiw, leucovorin 500 mg/m2 IVPB over 2 hours and 5-Fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week rest. There were was no rest period for interferon. Median age of patients on this study was 63 years. Fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea were the most common toxicities. There were no grade IV toxicities and no treatment-related deaths. Seven partial responses (39%) with median duration of 4.5 months were seen. An additional patient has had stable disease/minor response for 12+ months. Median survival is 10 months. ALF has activity in NSCLC.
 ...
PMID:Alpha interferon-2b, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil (ALF) in non-small cell lung cancer. 1085 42

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disease of B-cell origin manifested by pancytopenia and splenomegaly. Before 1980 the only effective treatment for HCL was splenectomy, which resolved the cytopenia but did not eliminate the disease from the bone marrow. In addition, the majority of patients progressed after splenectomy and required further treatment. Pentostatin (Nipent; SuperGen, San Ramon, CA) is a purine antimetabolite that was found in phase I studies to induce profound lymphocytopenia Although in vitro studies suggested that T lymphocytes were most sensitive to pentostatin, patients with B-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma responded to treatment in the initial phase I trials. Due to evidence that the drug was effective in lymphoproliferative disease, patients with HCL were treated with pentostatin. The promising initial results led to phase II studies in both untreated and previously treated patients. These studies demonstrated that pentostatin was highly effective as a single agent, with complete responses seen in 60% to 90% of patients. These responses were durable without maintenance chemotherapy and were seen in patients previously treated with interferon or chemotherapy. Toxicity was usually mild, with nausea and skin rashes predominating. When seen, infections resulting from neutropenia occurred early in treatment. The high response rates and low toxicity suggest that pentostatin should be considered as one of the standard treatments for HCL.
 ...
PMID:Phase II trials of pentostatin (Nipent) in hairy cell leukemia. 1087 48

We report a patient with chronic hepatitis C who developed eosinophilic enteritis while being treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2b. He had no history of either allergic disorders or recurring episodes of abdominal cramps, nausea, or diarrhea. He also had had a normal eosinophil count prior to the interferon treatment. After a 12-week course of interferon alpha-2b, he began to complain of severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abdominal fullness. His peripheral eosinophil count increased to 45% (absolute count, of 7,610/microl). Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed diffuse thickness of the intestinal wall with gross ascites that contained numerous eosinophils. An upper gastrointestinal barium study with small bowel follow-through showed an edematous mucosal layer of the jejunum and ileum. There was a spectacular relief of the patient's subjective symptoms after the administration of prednisolone. Follow-up studies revealed resolution of the ascites and the mucosal layer edema and normalization of the peripheral eosinophil count. Prednisolone was tapered off, but the eosinophilic enteritis did not recur. As there had been no evident exposure to common causative factors for eosinophilic enteritis, we suggest that interferon alpha-2b could thus have played a role in the triggering of the eosinophilic enteritis.
 ...
PMID:Eosinophilic enteritis observed during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. 1090 64

The authors describe the retrospective analysis of treatment by 5-fluorouracil and interferon-a aof 34 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. An average of 4.6 treatment cycles (3 12) was applied. Complete remission was not observed; partial remission was observed in 8 patients; in 13 patients no change occurred and progression was detected in 14 cases. Remission rate was 22.8%, mean response time was 5.2 (3 12) months, mean progress-free survival 5.6 (0 22) months. Mean survival from the start of treatment was 11.9 (1 42) months and from the establishment of the diagnosis 26.1 (3 60) months. Severe life-threatening side-effects did not occur; other side-effects such as fever, nausea, diarrhea, leucopenia, and anemia responded to drugs. Treatment by 5-FU and interferon, in accordance with other authors findings, improved survival and well-being of patients but no breakthrough has been achieved.
 ...
PMID:Retrospective evaluation of 5-fluorouracil-interferon-a aTreatment of advanced colorectal cancer patients. 1103 56

The authors describe the case of a 51-year-old male with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome manifested by epigastralgia, nausea, vomiting, hypergastrinemia and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. History included a Billroth II procedure for a perforated duodenal ulcer. Multiple metastatic liver lesions were found that were gastrin-negative and chromogranin-positive. Endoscopy revealed a large ulcerated gastro-jejuno-colonic fistula which was surgically repaired. Pre- and postoperative imaging studies, including the highly sensitive somatostatin-receptor scintigraphic scan using In-pentetreotide, have consistently failed to disclose other tumors. Recent reports indicate that most Zollinger-Ellison syndrome-associated gastrinomas are small, easily overlooked lesions located in the proximal duodenum rather than in the pancreas as formerly believed. In the present patient therapy with omeprazole and alpha-interferon has produced complete remission of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and a stabilization of tumor growth has occurred during the last 7 years, allowing the patient to live a normal life. This peculiar response to therapy is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Liver metastases of endocrine tumour associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a sustained response to interferon therapy or a peculiar benign course? 1110 Mar 30

The effect of interferon on the health-related quality of life in multiple myeloma was assessed in two trials carried out by the Nordic Myeloma Study (Group (NMSG). In both trials, the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, supplemented with 11 items relating to interferon toxicity, was used. The first was a randomized controlled trial (NMSG 4/90) evaluating the addition of interferon alpha-2b to melphalan and prednisone during induction, maintenance and relapse. During the first 12 months, patients on interferon reported more chills, fever, fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting, appetite loss and dry skin than the control patients, and a slight reduction of global health and quality of life. From 12 months onward there were no significant differences in any score between the two groups. In a later trial (NMSG 5/94) evaluating the effect of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support in patients under 60 years of age with newly diagnosed myeloma, interferon was used as maintenance. During the maintenance phase, symptom and toxicity scores were not significantly different from those in control patients under 60 years of age in the previous trial. Thus, interferon appeared to be well tolerated after high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support.
 ...
PMID:Health-related quality of life and patients' perceptions in interferon-treated multiple myeloma patients. Nordic Myeloma Study Group. 1114 38

A 48-year-old male patient from Surinam presented with anorexia, nausea and weight loss. An extreme hypercalcaemia of 5.08 mmol/l was found. Further diagnostic investigations showed that this patient had a HTLV-1 positive adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL/L). This is often associated with multilobularly nucleated lymphocytes, bone destruction and hypercalcaemia. Skin localisations are frequently observed. The combination of cytomorphology, immunophenotyping, HTLV-1 seropositivity and clinical findings points to the diagnosis. The patient was treated with 6 courses of chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide, prednisone, vincristine and bleomycin. Upon inquiry it appeared that he had died elsewhere. Chemotherapy induces a short-lived remission in a minority of ATL/L patients. Antiviral therapy (alpha interferon, zidovudine) might offer new possibilities.
 ...
PMID:[Hypercalcemia due to adult T-cell lymphoma in a man from Surinam]. 1125 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10