Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with carboplatin (300, 350 or 400 mg/m2) and 21 days of oral etoposide (50 mg/m2/day). Thirty-three patients were evaluable for response (too early to assess the remaining patients) and 9 patients (27%) achieved a partial remission. Median survival was 29 weeks (range, 4+ to 71+ weeks). The primary toxicity was myelosuppression. Leukocyte and platelet count nadirs occurred between days 22 and 29. In cycle 1, median leukocyte nadir was 2.8 x 10(9)/l and the platelet nadir was 142 x 10(9)/l. Nonhematologic toxicities were modest and included alopecia in all patients, mild nausea, mild to moderate diarrhea, and an occasional increase in serum creatinine. Carboplatin plus oral etoposide is a tolerable outpatient regimen with modest activity against unresectable NSCLC.
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PMID:Carboplatin plus oral etoposide in the management of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Preliminary results of a Vanderbilt trial. 132 13

Topotecan (SK&F 104864) is a novel antitumor agent whose mechanism of action is inhibition of the DNA unwinding protein topoisomerase I. An analog of camptothecin, topotecan was designed to be more water soluble in an effort to decrease the severe and sporadic toxicities experienced during phase I/II trials of the parent compound. In this phase I clinical and pharmacological trial, topotecan was given as a bolus intravenous (i.v.) infusion over 30 min every 21 days. A total of 42 patients entered the study, receiving doses ranging from 2.5 to 22.5 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of topotecan given in this schedule was 22.5 mg/m2. Myelosuppression, primarily neutropenia, was dose-limiting. The extent of prior therapy did not predict for more severe neutropenia. Non-hematologic toxicities were mild and included low-grade to moderate fever, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, diarrhea and skin rashes. There were no objective partial or complete responses, although there was a suggestion of antitumor activity in three patients. Topotecan undergoes pH-dependent hydrolysis of the lactone ring; only the closed, lactone form is active. The lactone form predominated during infusion, with hydrolysis occurring rapidly following the end of infusion. There were linear relationships between dose administered and peak plasma lactone concentrations as well as AUC lactone to AUC total. The lactone was rapidly cleared from plasma with a total body clearance of 25.7 (+/- 6.7) l/h/m2. The plasma lactone concentration declined rapidly with a harmonic mean terminal half-life of 3.4 (+/- 1.1)h. Lactone hydrolysis and renal excretion were the major routes of elimination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan (SK&F 104864) given as an intravenous bolus every 21 days. 133 81

We treated 34 chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIb or IV non-small cell lung cancer with trimetrexate 150-200 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes every two weeks. Six of 31 evaluable patients (19%) achieved a partial response. The major toxic effects from this regimen were myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting, and skin rash. We conclude that this well-tolerated schedule of trimetrexate has significant activity as a single agent against non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II trial of trimetrexate for unresectable or metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 133 71

The response rate and survival obtained with the combined regimen of bleomycin, ifosfamide, and cis-platinum (BIP) were analyzed in a series of 24 patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma in previously irradiated area. The doses were 30 mg, 5000 mg/m2, and 50 mg/m2, respectively. Mesna was given simultaneously (6000 mg/m2). None of the patients were treated with prior chemotherapy. All the patients were evaluable for toxicity and 20 for response. The median survival in patients evaluable for response was 9 months. No complete and 3 partial responses (15%) were observed, with a median duration of survival of 10+ months (range, 9(+) -16). Stable disease was observed in 8 patients (40%) with a median duration of survival of 9.5 months (range, 6(+) -20). Progressive disease was observed in 9 patients (45%) with a median duration of survival of 6 months (range, 3-25+). Four patients received one course only because of toxicity. One of these patients died at home 6 days after the first course, probably because of dehydration. The main toxicities were myelosuppression, renal impairment, alopecia, and nausea/vomiting. In conclusion, the BIP regimen has considerable toxicity. We were not able to confirm the high response rates earlier reported in pelvic recurrence inside a previously irradiated area. Emphasis in future studies must continue to be placed on the development of more active single agents and combinations.
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PMID:Bleomycin-ifosfamide-cis-platinum (BIP) in pelvic recurrence of previously irradiated cervical carcinoma: a second look. 137 61

ImuVert, a new biological response modifier, was evaluated for toxicity and potential efficacy in patients with advanced cancer. This agent consists of sized, labile, natural membrane vesicles associated with ribosomes derived from Serratia marcescens. ImuVert induces enhanced in vitro macrophage and natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and has demonstrated antitumor activity in palpable animal tumor systems. A group of 39 patients with a variety of tumors, 25 men, 14 women, with a mean performance status (Karnofsky) of 80% and median age of 57 years were entered into this trial. ImuVert was administered subcutaneously weekly for a minimum of 3 weeks. A total of 183 treatments were evaluated. Flu-like systemic toxicities, including fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypotension were observed. Erythema, induration and tenderness developed at the injection sites. Myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, rental and hepatic toxicities did not occur. All symptoms resolved within 24 h. Two patients with nodular lymphoma achieved a partial response and two minor responses were seen in patients with glioblastoma and melanoma. On the basis of ImuVert's biological activity, and tolerable toxicity it warrants further clinical investigation.
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PMID:Phase I trial of ImuVert (natural membrane vesicles associated with ribosomes) in patients with advanced cancer. 139 37

Between December 1982 and November 1990, 31 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with one of two combination chemotherapy regimens. A total of 20 patients were treated with 3 mg/m2 mitomycin C and 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide given intravenously every 10-14 days and with 180 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given intravenously every day for as long as possible (CF-Mito regimen). After the patient had been discharged from the hospital, the same treatment with CF-Mito was performed except that 180 mg/m2 5-FU was replaced by 400 mg/m2 UFT (a mixture of tegafur and uracil) given orally. A total of 11 patients whose tumor had relapsed during the first-line treatment were given 60 mg/m2 cisplatin, 40 mg/m2 Adriamycin, and 40 mg/m2 methotrexate intravenously every 28 days (PAM regimen). In all, 20 patients received 4-44 (mean, 9.7) courses of CF-Mito over a period of 1.5-24 (mean, 5.3) months. The results obtained in these 20 patients with evaluable lesions included no complete remission (CR), 4 partial remissions (PRs), 9 cases of stable disease (SD), and 7 cases of progressive disease (PD). The PR duration was 1.5-22 (mean, 7.5) months. The side effects encountered in this group included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, diarrhea, stomatitis, liver damage, and heart failure. In all, 11 patients received 3-7 (mean, 4.1) courses of PAM over a period of 3-14.5 (mean, 5.2) months. All 11 patients had evaluable lesions, and their responses included no CR, 5 PRs, 3 cases of SD, and 3 cases of PD. The PR duration was 1-3 (mean, 1.6) months. The side effects encountered in this group included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, heart failure, and hair loss.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy for advanced urothelial-tract carcinoma. 139 20

Five patients with severe pemphigus vulgaris refractory to conventional therapy with azathioprine and corticosteroids were treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone. One patient was not evaluable, while the remaining four patients showed a complete response. Duration of response was in the range of 13-94 months. Toxicity was mainly represented by alopecia, myelosuppression and gastrointestinal side-effects such as nausea/vomiting. Although cyclophosphamide and vincristine may induce severe side-effects, this association may be useful in controlling severe disease resistant to previous conventional therapies.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide plus vincristine and prednisone in the treatment of severe pemphigus vulgaris refractory to conventional therapy. 140 72

Twenty patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated with high-dose cisplatin 200mg m-2. Patients were to receive three cycles at 21 day intervals. Treatment was stopped if severe myelosuppression or any neurotoxicity occurred. Overall, eight (40%) of patients responded with a complete response in five (25%). Four of 16 (25%) previously treated patients responded. The median duration of response was 44 weeks (range 6-130). In patients previously treated there was a significant association (P < 0.002) between response and a remission free interval of 52 weeks or more from primary chemotherapy. Toxicity was assessable in 18 patients. Alopecia and nausea/vomiting were common. Myelosuppression was recorded in nine patients delaying planned administration in eight of 35 cycles. Five patients developed anaemia and six thrombocytopenia. Neurotoxicity affected seven patients and varying degrees of tinnitus six patients. Neurotoxicity and myelosuppression were indications for cessation of treatment in 8 patients receiving less than three cycles. Analysis revealed no significant association between toxicity and prior cisplatin exposure, age or the amount of high-dose cisplatin administered. This series reveals that it is possible to achieve good response rates using high-dose cisplatin without encountering debilitating neurotoxicity.
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PMID:Single agent high-dose cisplatin (200 mg m-2) treatment in ovarian carcinoma. 141 13

This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal administration of CDDP on fourteen patients with peritoneal dissemination of advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. The procedure was used together specific hydration transfusion and diuretics. Two patients showed a complete response and 5 patients a partial response. Following this therapy, 2 patients have survived for more than 6 months. Alimentary symptoms (nausea, vomiting) were found but renal toxicity and serious myelosuppression were not recognized in all patients.
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PMID:[Intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination]. 144 86

Seventeen patients with recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with EMVP (Etoposide 75 mg/m2 i.v. d 1-5, Methotrexate 100mg/m2 i.v. d 1, Vindesine 3 mg/body i.v. d 1, Prednisolone 60 mg/m2 p.o. d 1-5), repeating every 3 weeks. Six complete responses (35%) and five partial responses (30%) were obtained with an overall response rate of 65%. The median duration of response was 26 months (range 8-49+months) for complete response (CR) and 4 months (range 2-6 months) for partial response (PR). The median duration of survival was 31 months for CR, 11 months for PR and 10 months for all patients, respectively. The major toxic effect was myelosuppression. Leukopenia less than 1,000/mm3 and thrombocytopenia less than 25,000/mm3 occurred in 5 and 3 patients, respectively. The other toxicities were alopecia, nausea and mucositis. However, these toxicities were well tolerated and clinically manageable. These results suggested that EMVP therapy was an effective regimen for patients with recurrent or refractory lymphoma.
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PMID:[Salvage therapy for recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with etoposide, methotrexate, vindesine and prednisolone (EMVP)]. 146 45


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