Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 65-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of general fatigue and nausea. CT scan revealed a homogeneous mass in the left adrenal gland, which was seven centimeters in diameter. Mild swelling of the right adrenal gland was also suspected. We failed to find the primary tumor, although a metastatic non-functioning adrenal tumor was suspected. Adrenalectomy was performed under the diagnosis of a non-functioning adrenal tumor. Pathological examination showed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since a bleeding tendency gradually developed following the operation, a bone marrow biopsy was done, revealing an invasion by tumor cells. Patients with a malignant lymphoma involving the bone marrow should not be operated on because fatal complications may develop postoperatively. A malignant lymphoma should be considered as a possible diagnosis of adrenal tumors, although it is very rare.
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PMID:[Primary malignant lymphoma of the adrenal gland: a case report]. 857 89

We encountered an elderly patient with advanced colon cancer who responded marked by to combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), low-dose cisplatin (CDDP), and leucovorin (LV). The 86-year-old man was admitted for advanced transverse colon cancer with liver and lung metastasis. Combination chemotherapy with 5-FU, low dose CDDP, and LV was given for a total of 12 weeks. After this chemotherapeutic regimen, diagnostic CT scan revealed the metastatic lesions had disappeared, and a pathological analysis of primary tumor confirmed that the patient had achieved a complete remission (CR). During chemotherapy, there was no severe side effect, apart from mild nausea (WHO: Grade 1). The patient is presently enjoying a good general condition and has been rehabilitated for discharge.
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PMID:[A case of advanced colon cancer with marked response to combination chemotherapy with 5-FU, low dose CDDP, and leucovorin]. 905 Nov 40

Patients with cardiac tamponade or large malignant pericardial effusion, who survived longer than 30 days after withdrawal of catheter from the pericardial space, entered the study. Main goal of investigations was: evaluation of the effectiveness and side-effects of intrapericardial administration of cisplatin in cases with malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) and cardiac tamponade or large pericardial effusion in a course of the lung cancer. Sixteen patients (four women and 12 men), mean age 53 years, median age 57 years, range 27-70 years, entered this retrospective study. After pericardiocentesis and insertion of a polyurethane catheter, pericardial fluid was drained. Malignant etiology of pericardial fluid was confirmed by cytological examination and/or by echocardiography. The diagnosis of malignancy was based upon histological examination of samples obtained from primary tumor. After confirmation of MPE cisplatin (10 mg in 20 ml normal saline) was instilled over 5 min during 1-5 consecutive days (maximal total cisplatin dose in single course: 50 mg) directly into pericardial space. If a large pericardial fluid reoccurred the courses with intrapericardial administration of cisplatin were repeated. Treatment was considered successful if the patient with malignant effusion survived 30 days without recurrence of symptoms of large pericardial effusion and no other interventions directed to the pericardium were required. In 14 (87.5%) cases malignant pericardial effusion was confirmed by cytological analysis of pericardial fluid. In two cases echocardiography confirmed metastatic tumors to the pericardium. Positive effect of intrapericardial treatment with cisplatin was achieved in 15 cases (93.75%). Mean survival period in the whole group was 6.59 months (+/-6.2 months), median survival period was 3.7 months, range 2-24.1 months. There were no complications related to the pericardiocentesis. Transient atrial fibrillation was detected in three patients (18.8%). Mild nausea occurred in one case. No hypotension and retrosternal pain were observed. Cisplatin administered directly into pericardial space (CAP) seems to be effective and safe. No sclerosis of the pericardial space was observed after CAP.
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PMID:Intrapericardial cisplatin for the management of patients with large malignant pericardial effusion in the course of the lung cancer. 915 52

A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Twenty-two patients (six female and 16 male) with advanced or metastatic disease were enrolled. None of them had received prior chemotherapy. Paclitaxel was administrated as a 3 h infusion of 175 mg/m2 at days 1 and 22, 5-FU 2000 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 h and folinic acid 500 mg/m2 i.v. 2 h prior to 5-FU weekly from days 1 to 36. Seven patients (32%) had partial remissions including the lungs, skin, lymph nodes and locally advanced primary tumor. The median overall survival was 11 months (range 1-17+) and the median progression-free interval was 8 months (range 1-13+). Neutropenia (WHO grade III/IV) occurred in 14% of patients. Other main toxicities were alopecia in 45%, fever/infection in 9%, and nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in 5%. In conclusion, the combination of paclitaxel and continuously infused 5-FU/folinic acid appears to be an active regimen for advanced gastric carcinoma with a remission rate comparable to ELF or FAMtx. The moderate toxicity allows treatment on an outpatient basis.
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PMID:A phase II trial of paclitaxel and weekly 24 h infusion of 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in patients with advanced gastric cancer. 918 Mar 95

Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is becoming a standard treatment for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a significant proportion of patients with lung cancer also present with co-morbid conditions that indicate a poor prognosis and poor tolerance of treatment. We have completed a phase I/II study to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of carboplatin-based chemoradiotherapy for patients with poor-risk stage III NSCLC. Twenty-four patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC and concurrent medical conditions rendering them ineligible for cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy protocols were treated with thoracic irradiation, 1.8 to 2 Gy daily to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes, for a total dose of 61 Gy. Concurrently, patients received carboplatin 200 mg/m2/d intravenously on days 1, 3, 29, and 31, and etoposide 50 mg/m2/d intravenously on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32. Among 23 assessable patients, 96% completed the two planned courses of chemotherapy and 87% completed the planned chest irradiation. Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia in nine patients (39%), thrombocytopenia in five (22%), esophagitis in seven (30%), and nausea in two (9%). Four patients (17%) achieved a complete response and 16 (70%) a partial response, yielding an overall response rate of 87%. The median survival was 12 months, and the 2- and 3-year survival rates were 30% and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, this treatment regimen was relatively well tolerated, with promising response and survival in patients with poor-risk stage III NSCLC. This pilot study provides a basis for further investigation of this treatment regimen.
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PMID:Chemoradiotherapy for poor-risk stage III non-small cell lung cancer. 933 Nov 33

We report a rare case of a second primary brain tumor following esophageal cancer. A 56-year old Japanese man underwent a transhiatal esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. Two years after the operation, signs of increased intracranial hypertension including headache, nausea and left limb ataxia were observed. The tumor was totally removed by a suboccipital craniectomy, and the histological diagnosis was hemangioblastoma. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient is still alive without any signs of recurrence. It is important to make a precise strategy for the second primary tumor.
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PMID:Esophageal cancer and second primary brain tumor. 968 23

Some clinical parameters play a role in developing effective antiemetic therapy. In the present study, 310 patients entered and 301 were evaluable. They received cisplatin based combination chemotherapy (100 mg/m2), with antiemetic therapy based in metoclopramide, at a standard dose and schedule (2 mg/kg in 5 doses). Patient characteristics such as age, sex, performance status (Karnofsky), site of primary tumor, weight loss >15%, previous chemotherapy, previous radiotherapy, history of vomiting during pregnancy, additional drugs (dexamethasone, alprazolam), in the antiemetic regimen were included in the evaluation. We also studied the manifestation of anxiety and depression and the presence of psychosocial problems related to therapy, evaluated them with specific psychological indexes modified for our study. We evaluated incidence of vomiting, retches, and nausea, with several scales. We distinguished three groups of factors influencing nausea and vomiting. Factors that predicted for increased nausea and vomiting was gender (women), stress and age (younger patients experienced more prolonged duration and higher grades of nausea). The addition of alprazolam (a sedative drug) and dexamethasone, was associated with decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting. The weight loss (increased nausea and decreased vomiting control according to Gralla's scale). Previous chemotherapy decreased the number of patients without nausea and vomiting control according to Gralla's scale. Patients with previous radiotherapy presented an increased grade of nausea. Patients with head and neck cancer presented less nausea with shorter duration, less frequent episodes of vomiting. Patients with ovarian cancer presented increased mean number of retches. In conclusion, despite difficulties in assessing nausea and vomiting among clinical trials, several factors, especially stress, gender, weight loss, additional drugs (corticosteroids and sedatives) may play an important role in modulating the antiemetic response.
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PMID:Factors that influence the antiemetic activity of metoclopramide to cisplatin based chemotherapy. 968 26

A late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) was conducted in patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer as a multicenter cooperative trial. Docetaxel was administered intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. Of the 76 patients enrolled, 66 patients were eligible and 59 patients were evaluable for response. One patient showed complete response (CR), 13 patients partial response (PR), 1 patient minor response (MR), 19 patients no change (NC) and 25 patients had progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate in 59 evaluable patients was 23.7% (95% CI = 13.6-36.6%). The primary tumor showed a 4.3% (1/23) response, while the metastatic lesions in the abdomen, pelvic mass, lung, liver, and lymph nodes showed response rates of 62.5% (5/8), 33.3% (1/3), 33.3% (1/3), 14.8% (4/27), and 13.9% (5/26), respectively. About hematological toxicity, severe (Grade 3 or more) leukopenia was observed in 36 patients (56.3%) and neutropenia in 52 patients (81.3%). Other major toxicity (Grade 3 or more) included nausea/vomiting in 11 patients (17.2%), anorexia in 9 patients (14.1%), fatigue in 5 patients (7.8%), and alopecia in 7 patients (10.9%), all which were tolerable. The results show that docetaxel is an effective anticancer agent for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) in patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer: a Japanese Cooperative Study Group trial (group A)]. 979 14

A late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer was performed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity and clinical toxicity as a multicenter cooperative trial. Docetaxel was administered intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. Of 72 patients enrolled, 63 patients were eligible and 59 patients were evaluable for response. The anti-tumor effects obtained complete response (CR) in one patient partial response (PR) in 13, minor response (MR) in 3, no change (NC) in 20, and progressing disease (PD) in 22 patients. The overall response rate in 59 patients was 23.7% (14/59). For 14 CR or PR cases, a response appeared 10 to 107 days (median 33.5 days) and 1 to 8 (median 2) times of dosing after the initial administration. The response rate was 9.5% in the primary tumor, 31.3% livers, 50.0% abdominal tumor, and 24.1% lymph nodes, respectively. The major adverse reactions were gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea/vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, alopecia and fever. Leukocytopenia and neutrocytopenia were also observed with a high incidence, but they recovered after 8 days from the nadir. The results show that docetaxel is an effective anti-tumor agent for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. It is necessary to conduct another clinical trial by concomitant administration with other anti-tumor agents.
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PMID:[A late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer: a cooperative study group trial (group B)]. 1009 45

We reported previously that the addition of recombinant Escherichia coli human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) regimen seemed to ameliorate diarrhea and permit increased 5-FU dose intensity (J. L. Grem et al., J. Clin. Oncol., 12: 560-568, 1994). We then tested the effect of GM-CSF given with a more toxic regimen of 5-FU/LV/IFN-alpha (IFN alpha-2a). Thirty-one patients with a good performance status and no prior chemotherapy for systemic disease received IFN alpha(-2a (5 MU/m2 s.c., days 1-7), 5-FU (370 mg/m2 i.v., days 2-6), LV (500 mg/m2 i.v., days 2-6), and GM-CSF (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 250 microg/m2 s.c., days 7-18) every 3 weeks. Toxicities and 5-FU dose intensity were compared with that observed in our prior Phase II trial with 5-FU/LV/IFN alpha-2a (J. L. Grem et al., J. Clin. Oncol., 11: 1737-1745, 1993). In comparison with the prior Phase II study, the WBC and granulocyte nadirs in the present trial were significantly higher. When trends in toxicity grades for all cycles were compared, stratifying for 5-FU dose, the incidence and severity of mucositis, skin rash, WBC toxicity, and granulocyte toxicity were significantly lower in the present trial, whereas nausea/vomiting and fatigue were significantly worse. The delivered 5-FU dose intensity for all cycles of therapy appeared to be significantly higher in the present trial. Six of 28 evaluable patients had a partial response (21.4%), and 13 (46%) had stable disease for > or =12 weeks. Despite treatment-related toxicity, patient quality of life did not worsen during the study. No correlation was observed between thymidylate synthase content in primary tumor specimens and response, time to treatment failure, or survival. The addition of GM-CSF appeared to decrease the severity of leukopenia, granulocytopenia, mucositis, and skin rash when compared with our prior experience with this regimen of 5-FU/LV/IFN alpha-2a, at the cost of greater nausea/vomiting and fatigue. The potential impact of increased 5-FU dose intensity on clinical response, however, remains to be determined.
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PMID:A pilot study of interferon alpha-2a, fluorouracil, and leucovorin given with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. 1049 10


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