Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between June 1974 and January 1976, 50 patients with metastatic non-seminometous testicular carcinoma were treated with the VAB II protocol. The induction phase consisted of vinblastine (0.4 mg/kg) and actinomycin D (0.02 mg/kg) on day 1. Bleomycin (0.5 mg/kg) was given by continuous infusion for 7 days, and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) (1 mg/kg) was given on day 8. A weekly maintenance of vinblastine and bleomycin, with actinomycin D and DDP on a rotating schedule was given followed by vinblastine, actinomycin D and chlorambucil every 3--4 weeks. Therapy was discontinued after 30--36 months of treatment in the face of continued remission. The response rate was 50% CR, 34% PR with 60% CR and 36% PR in previously untreated patients. Second-look surgery and excision of residual lesions was performed in selected cases. Alopecia, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting were universal. One patient died in the postsurgical period of toxicity from the combination of bleomycin and high concentrations of oxygen. There were seven instances of allergic reactions to DDP. Eleven of 25 complete responders and 4 partial or minor responders who underwent excision of stable disease remain alive from 19 to 35 months following start of therapy, 12 of them without evidence of disease.
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PMID:Germ cell tumors (II): VAB II in metastatic testicular cancer. 8 73

Forty-eight patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors were treated with a combination of adriamycin 50 mg/m2, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum 50 mg/m2, every 2 to 4 weeks. Fifteen patients responded with a greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor; six with lung cancer; one, carcinoma of the breast; one, ovary; one, cervix; one, prostate; one, testis; one, maxillary sinus; and one, salivary gland, plus one patient with chemodectoma and one with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. Responses lasted 1 to 18 months, with a median of 6 months. An additional six patients, including two with adenocarcinoma of the lung three with carcinoma of the cervix, and one with embryonal cell testicular carcinoma improved (25-50% regression of the tumor). Toxicity encountered included myelosuppression, azotemia, alopecia, nausea, vomitting, and stomatitis. Severe hematologic toxicity occurred only in those with compromised marrow function or with concurrent active hepatitis. Major potentiation of toxicity by the combination does not appear to have occurred.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with neoplastic diseases. 98 19

One hundred and nine adult patients with metastatic carcinoma were treated at 3-4-week intervas with a combination of adriamycin (40 mg/m2 given iv on Day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2/day given orally in divided doses on Days 3-6). Ninety-two of 96 patients who had an adequate trial (minumum of two courses or progression of disease after one course) had follow-up observations of tumor sites and were considered evaluable for response. Overall objective response rates by tumor type were as follows: stage III or IV ovarian adenocarcinoma, 61% (14 of 23 patients); endometrial adenocarcinoma, 67% (four of six patients); cervical adenocarcinoma, 33% (one of three patients); prostatic adenocarcinoma, 18% (two of 11 patients); testicular carcinoma, 33% (one of three patients); lung carcinoma, 21% (four of 19 patients); renal adenocarcinoma, 14% (one of seven patients); gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 18% (two of 11 patients); melanoma, 25% (one of four patients); and miscellaneous tumors, no responses in five patients. In patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma who had not previously received any cytotoxic chemotherapy the response rate was 80% (12 of 15 patients) with 33% five of 15 patients achieving complete clinical remission. CRs in these patients have now been maintained for periods ranging from 7 to 12 months. The major toxic effects were mild to moderate leukopenia, alopecia, and nausea with vomiting. Hemorrhagic cystitis was observed in three patients. The combination of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide is an effective treatment for carcinoma of the breast (reported elsewhere), ovary, and endometrium and should be considered for initial chemotherapy in patients with these tumors. Further investigations of its use for melanoma and carcinoma of the lung, prostate, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract are also warranted.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin (NSC-123127) and cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) for solid tumors: a phase II trial. 100 May 20

Etoposide (VP 16) is a semi-synthetic derivative of 4'- demethylepipodophyllotoxin , a naturally occurring compound synthesized by the North American May apple (Podophyllum peltatum ) and the Indian species Podophyllum emodi Wallich . Although podophyllotoxins are classical spindle poisons causing inhibition of mitosis by blocking mitrotubular assembly, etoposide inhibits cell cycle progression at a premitotic phase (late S and G2), probably via inhibition of DNA synthesis. There appears to be a selective antileukemic dose response relationship when compared to normal hematopoietic elements. Etoposide is effective when administered orally at about twice the recommended parenteral dosage. Schedule dependency in both animal models and clinical trials has been observed; multiple dosing over three to five consecutive days is superior to weekly single dose administration. Etoposide's dose-limiting toxicity is myelosuppression (leukopenia), which is quite predictable; alopecia and Gl toxicity (nausea, vomiting, stomatitis) occur in about 20-30% of patients given recommended dosages. Etoposide appears to be one of the most active drugs for small cell lung cancer, testicular carcinoma (the Food and Drug Administration approved indication), ANLL and malignant lymphoma. Etoposide also has demonstrated activity in refractory pediatric neoplasms, hepatocellular, esophageal, gastric and prostatic carcinoma, ovarian cancer, chronic and acute leukemias and non-small cell lung cancer, although additional single and combination drug studies are needed to substantiate these data. Its contribution in front-line combination chemotherapeutic regimens for these cancers will be better defined in the forthcoming years. Etoposide appears to have minimal activity in breast cancer and, based on current data, it is inactive against malignant melanoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma and cancer of the head and neck, although the dosage and schedules used in many of the Phase II studies may have been suboptimal.
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PMID:Etoposide: a semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin. Chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and use as an antineoplastic agent. 632 63

Etoposide is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and a relatively high therapeutic index. The synergism in animal with cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and cytosinarabinoside is interesting for combination regimen. Mechanisms of action are inhibition of nucleoside transfer and of DNA and RNA synthesis, single stranded breaks, inhibition of protein synthesis and of microtubular assembly. While in lower concentrations etoposide is acting cell-cycle-dependent with accumulation of cells in the G2-phase it has, in high concentrations, also a cellcycle-phase-unspecific lethal effect. Most suitable is the oral and i.v. application of etoposide in fractionated doses of 80--120 mg/m2 on 3--5 consecutive days and repetition after 21 [14--28] days. Side effects are dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity, nausea, vomiting, fever, hypotension, phlebitis, mucositis, neuropathy, cardiotoxicity, alopecia. Etoposide is one of the most active single agents in small-cell bronchus carcinoma with a remission rate of 37% (10% CR), and is very active in NHL (36%), testicular carcinoma (37%), AMML (35%), choriocarcinoma (35%), and neuroblastoma (29%). The role of etoposide in combination with other active drugs in these tumors is currently investigated in bronchus and testicular carcinoma and NHL, where etoposide will belong to the drugs of the first choice in the future.
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PMID:[Etoposide VP 16--213)--a podophyllotoxinderivative with high antitumor activity (author's transl)]. 703 50