Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-yr-old boy was investigated for numerous episodes of fatigue, irritability, pallor, and sweating, which began at 11 mo of age, when he had an episode of symptomatic hypoglycemia with ketonuria. He had euphoria, mental confusion, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting 1-5 hr after oral administration of glycerol in doses of 0.5-1.0gm/kg. Orally administered MCT (1 gm/kg) had similar effects. On one occasion, oral glycerol also provoked hypoglycemia, as had a 16 1/2 hr fast. Intravenously administered glycerol (0.09 gm/kg) induced an immediate loss of consciousness from which he recovered spontaneously after 30 min; there were no changes in blood glucose values. Intravenously administered fructose (0.25 gm/kg) was tolerated normally. Leukocytes showed normal activities for FDPase, glycerol kinase, and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. The restriction of dietary intake of fat has been associated with a marked improvement in physical and mental activities. These observations suggest a unique, yet undifined intolerance to glycerol, which suggest caution in the diagnostic use of glycerol in the investigation of hypoglycemia as well as in the therapy of increased intracranial or intraocular pressure.
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PMID:Glycerol intolerance in a child with intermittent hypoglycemia. 16 54

The effect of a single oral dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine on intraocular pressure in 20 glaucoma patients is reported. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced (31%), the maximal response being after 4-6 hours. A decrease in blood pressure was also noticed, maximal reduction (5%) at 4 hours. Three patients experienced nausea and dizziness. Possibly the reducing effect of bromocriptine on intraocular pressure is mediated by the stimulation of intraocular dopamine receptors (DA2).
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PMID:Hypotensive effect of bromocriptine in glaucomatous eyes. 350 18

Psychoactive drugs are often widely used before tolerance and dependence is fully appreciated. Tolerance to cannabis-induced cardiovascular and autonomic changes, decreased intraocular pressure, sleep and sleep EEG, mood and behavioral changes is acquired and, to a great degree, lost rapidly with optimal conditions. Mechanisms appear more functional than metabolic. Acquisition rate depends on dose and dose schedule. Dependence, manifested by withdrawal symptoms after as little as 7 days of THC administration, is characterized by irritability, restlessness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, sweating, salivation, increased body temperature, altered sleep and waking EEG, tremor, and weight loss. Mild and transient in the 120 subjects studied, the syndrome was similar to sedative drug withdrawal. Tolerance to drug side effects can be useful. Tolerance to therapeutic effects or target symptoms poses problems. Clinical significance of dependence is difficult to assess since drug-seeking behavior has many determinants. Cannabis-induced super sensitivity should be considered wherever chronic drug administration is anticipated in conditions like epilepsy, glaucoma or chronic pain. Cannabis pharmacology suggests ways of minimizing tolerance and dependence problems.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of cannabis tolerance and dependence. 627 20

A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent a trabeculectomy according to Watson's technique. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) ranged from 8 to 11 mm Hg. However, repeat slit lamp evaluation revealed the absence of bleb formation. Two months post-filtration surgery the patient developed the sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, supraorbital pain, and blurred vision. The IOP was 46 mm Hg and gonioscopy revealed a hyaline membrane covering a cyclodialysis cleft. A Nd:YAG laser was used to reopen the cleft, with normalization of IOP.
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PMID:Reopening cyclodialysis cleft with Nd:YAG laser following trabeculectomy. 654 22

A 65-year-old aphake with a functioning filtration bleb underwent neodymium:YAG laser membranotomy. Shortly thereafter, he acutely developed pain, nausea, and visual blur with an intraocular pressure of 42 mm Hg. The mechanism of the acute glaucoma is believed to be occlusion of the fistula by herniated vitreous.
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PMID:Acute glaucoma following Nd: YAG laser membranotomy. 667 98

Chronic simple glaucoma patients who performed physical activity had headache and nausea, symptoms that simulated a sudden rise in intraocular pressure. Twelve patients, who were diagnosed as suffering from simple open angle glaucoma, performed multiple bicycle ergometry. The intraocular pressure was measured during the ergometry and was compared to intraocular pressure measurements at rest. A statistically significant decrease was found in intraocular pressure during the ergometry performance. It was concluded that there is no ocular restriction for simple open angle glaucoma patients in performing physical activity.
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PMID:The effect of physical activity on the intraocular pressure of glaucomatous patients. 668 23

3 case studies of migrainous patients taking oral contraceptives (OCs) are presented in this report. The role of OCs in triggering a migraine attack and possibly elevating the risk of a stroke in a patient with migraines is examined. In the 1st case, a 27-year old white female accountant complained of temporal throbbing headaches associated with nausea, vomiting, hazy vision, small scotomas, and photophobia. The patient had been having the headaches twice a month since 1978 and she took Fiorinal to relieve them. Her physician diagnosed the headaches as migraine. The patient acknowledged that she started getting these headaches after beginning to use OCs 3 years earlier. Her family history revealed that her mother had severe migraine headaches which sometimes were accompanied by unilaterial paresthesia, as well as high blood pressure. Ophthalmoscopy, slitlamp, accommodation, and intraocular pressure findings were unremarkable. The patient was counseled about the factors which can trigger a migraine attack and was advised that eliminating these factors may reduce the frequency and intensity of the headaches. The patient was advised that OCs could increase her risk of having a stroke, especially with her family history. Her family physician subsequently reduced the dosage of her OCs. 5 months later the patient reported that she was trying to avoid the migraine triggering factors (e.g., she was wearing her sunglasses). Her headaches had become less frequent and less severe. The 2nd patient also began to have migraine attacks after beginning to use OCs. The 3rd patient's headaches became so severe after taking the pill that she consulted a neurologist. The 2nd and 3rd patients complained that the headaches were most severe at the time each month when they resumed OC use. None of the 3 patients discontinued OC use. The 2nd and 3rd patients were using a low estrogen OC, and the 1st patient was put on a low estrogen dosage after this optometrist's recommendation to her physician. Encouraging the patients to discuss the dosage of OCs with their family physician may be one of the ways to reduce the unwanted effect of the pill. The effect of OCs goes beyond triggering a headache. They may trigger a stroke particularly if the patient has a family history of high blood pressure as did the patients in this study. Differential diagnosis of migraine headaches includes muscle contraction, tension, sinus, and allergic headaches. Optometrists can be most helpful to the patients by counseling them to avoid the triggering factors. Glare, a triggering factor, could be reduced by tinted spectacles.
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PMID:Migraine and oral contraceptives. 714 75

In the present investigation we compared two different techniques of anaesthesia--total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) versus balanced anaesthesia--with and without antiemetic prophylaxis, with regard to postoperative nausea, strangling irritation and vomiting and their influence upon postoperative complications (intraocular bleedings) and postoperative intraocular pressure after pars plana vitrectomia. For this investigation four groups were formed. The anaesthesias were carried out as orotracheal intubational anaesthesia following two standard techniques, which only differ in the choice of the narcotics. Half the patients in each group were treated with an antiemetic prophylaxis of 2.5 mg DHBP. With regard to the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, the TIVA-groups proved to be better than those with balanced anaesthesia (16% to 43.5%; p < 0.05): DHBP in both methods led to a reduction of postoperative vomiting and nausea, but the differences showed not to be significant (p > 0.05). Best results were achieved with a combination of TIVA (propofol, alfentanil, atracurium, air/O2) and DHBP (4.7%). The total rate of postoperative complications in form of intraocular bleedings amounted to 8.6%. The appearance of complications increased when postoperative nausea and vomiting or increased intraocular pressure were observed (16.6% to 6.3%; 21.2% to 6.1%). Intraocular pressure, measured for four hours postoperatively, was significantly lower in the TIVA-groups than in the balanced anaesthesia-groups (15.5 +/- 7.7 mmHg to 18.3 +/- 8.2 mmHg). Therefore, we conclude that TIVA with propofol appears to be especially suitable for intraocular surgery.
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PMID:[Postoperative vomiting after pars plana vitrectomy]. 867 45

Ocular complications are frequent in chronic renal failure patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and in renal allograft recipients. Headache, nausea and fatigue sometimes develop in combination with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). We did not find statistically significant differences in IOP before and after HD. There was no correlation between changes in IOP during HD and the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure or decrease in body weight. No patient had borderline or elevated IOP following HD. Due to improved dialytic techniques a significant rise in IOP during HD rarely occurs anymore.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure in chronic renal failure patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis. 938 Mar 46

Intraocular pressure elevation after the use of viscoelastic agents in uncomplicated cataract surgery has been well documented in adults. However, pediatric patients are thought to clear residual viscoelastic agents from the anterior chamber more easily than adults, presumably because of healthier trabecular meshwork. (1) We report on a series of 4 eyes of 4 children with previously normal intraocular pressure who underwent cataract extraction with primary (3 patients) or secondary (1 patient) intraocular lens implantation with Healon GV, which was complicated by marked postoperative intraocular pressure elevation (greater than 30 mm Hg). The patients, aged 5 to 14 years, had an intraocular pressure ranging from 34 to 50 mm Hg with Tonopen or applanation tonometry 1 day, postoperatively associated with nausea, eye pain, and microcystic corneal edema. Viscoelastic material was not entirely removed during surgery. Each of these cases occurred after a change in our preferred viscoelastic agent from one with less viscosity to Healon GV. Medical management controlled the elevated intraocular pressure in all cases without affecting the visual outcome. However, 1 patient with intractable nausea and vomiting required hospitalization for rehydration. With meticulous removal of all viscoelastic material at the completion of surgery, we have not documented any additional cases of postoperative pressure elevation.
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PMID:Postoperative intraocular pressure elevation after the use of Healon GV in pediatric cataract surgery. 1067 75


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