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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Negative pi-meson (pion) therapy employing dynamic scanning with a focused spot of convergent beams has been in use since 1981 at SIN. Three-dimensional conformation of the treatment volume to the target volume can thus be achieved. Following previously reported Phase I and Ib clinical trials, a Phase II trial was initiated with the goal of treating primary deep-seated tumors in a dose optimization schedule which included stepwise increase of total pion dose and of target volume. Patients with multicentric superficial bladder tumors who were cystectomy candidates were initially selected. Since then, more invasive cases have been treated. A graded scoring of acute tissue reactions was employed. Follow-up periods were from 10 to 20 months. The pion dose escalation ranged from 3000 rad (minimum) to 3600 rad (minimum) in 20 fractions over 5 weeks. The treatment volumes encompassed 190 cc for local to 1,820 cc for extended volume therapy. Treatment reactions ranged from a faint erythema and increase of bladder frequency to dry desquamation, mild nausea, moderate dysuria, and moderate proctitis or diarrhea with mucus. These reactions were closely related to treatment volume and site. One severe late cystitis has occurred in a patient treated with 2 courses of pions (4475 rad). Mild to moderate late proctitis has been seen in 4 patients. Ten of 13 bladder cancer patients had local control of disease while all 3 pancreas or biliary tract cancer patients had microscopic residual disease locally at time of death from metastasis. A total of 11 of 17 patients are thus clinically or pathologically free of local tumor to time of last observation.
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PMID:The Piotron: II. Methods and initial results of dynamic pion therapy in phase II studies. 391 63

Fourteen previously treated patients with relapsed or refractory poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were given chemotherapy regimens containing high doses of cytosine arabinoside alone (seven patients) or with an anthracycline or amsacrine (seven patients). Five patients achieved a complete remission and two patients had a partial remission. The durations of remission, however, were short (median, 3 months; range, 2-6 months). Toxicities included conjunctivitis, photophobia, stomatitis, dermatitis, cerebellar dysfunction, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver dysfunction, and severe myelosuppression. Recovery of an absolute granulocyte count greater than 500/microliter and an untransfused platelet count greater than 20,000/microliter required a median of 31 (range, 28-35) and 30 (range, 27-43) days, respectively. Six patients died with recurrent or residual disease before bone marrow recovery. Younger age, good performance status, and a previous complete remission were predictive of a good response. High-dose cytosine arabinoside has major myelotoxicity but significant activity in some patients with poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:High-dose cytosine arabinoside in previously treated patients with poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 402 85

Corynebacterium parvum has been administered i.p. to 14 patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Two patients had responded completely to cytoreductive surgery and combination chemotherapy prior to immunotherapy, and one patient with residual disease had received only a single course of C. parvum due to i.p. catheter malfunction. Among the 11 patients with residual disease evaluable for response, from three to eight i.p. treatments with C. parvum produced surgically confirmed tumor regression in five patients (45%) with three partial responses and two complete responses of 5 and 12 months duration. All responders had (a) multiple tumor nodules less than 0.5 cm at the initiation of immunotherapy, and (b) severe abdominal pain and fever after C. parvum injection. Overall, 58 courses of immunotherapy were associated with abdominal pain (91%), fever (67%), nausea (52%), vomiting (31%), and hypotension that responded promptly to i.v. infusion of fluids (10%). Use of i.p. cathethers was associated with two episodes each of infection and intraabdominal bleeding. Administration of C. parvum i.p. has augmented the ability of human peritoneal cells to lyse human ovarian carcinoma cell lines in the presence of specific rabbit heteroantiserum. C. parvum administered i.p. has inhibited the growth of human ovarian carcinoma and may prove useful for modulating the activity of human effectors for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal immunotherapy of human ovarian carcinoma with Corynebacterium parvum. 682 8

Two long survival cases of primary malignant glioma are reported in terms of histopathological consideration comparing first surgical specimens with second surgical specimens followed by intraneoplastic local injection of Adriamycin (ADM). Case 1. A 56-year-old female was admitted to our hospital on October 24, 1977, with the complaints of headache and motor weakness on the left side of extremeties. Neurological examination revealed hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopsia and agnosia on the left side. Initial CT scan showed irregular high-density enhancing lesions in right parieto-occipital region with surrounding low-density area. Case 2. A 18-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on May 9, 1977, with the complaints of headache and nausea. Initial CT scan showed high-density enhancing resion in the left parieto-temporal region. In the microscopic findings of the recurrent tumor and surrounding necrotic tissue, there were massive coagulation necrosis of the tumor tissues and fibrinoid necrosis of vascular channels. In the surrounding area of the massive coagulation necrosis and small hemorrhages, there were many reactive collagenous tissues, increasing vascular channels, and infiltrating lymphocytes, granulocytes and foreign body giants cells, as well as so-called organized necrotic tissues. Residual tumor cells mainly composed of giant cells, gemistocytic astrocytes and spindle cells. The tumor was characteristic in that the tumor cells showed occasionally sarcomatous transformation in the other area. Some of anaplastic glial cells were positively stained for GFA protein in Case 1. Positive staining for GFA protain in the recurrent brain tumor are less than that of primary brain tumor. The cases were also discussed from the view point of pathology.
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PMID:[Effect of local injections of adriamycin on survival in malignant brain tumor: histopathological evaluation]. 687 Feb 95

Seventeen patients with germ cell tumours of ovary were treated with 4 cycles of cisplatin, bleomycin and vinblastine (PVB) chemotherapy (CT). All patients had undergone prior surgery: hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + omentectomy-5, salpingo-oophorectomy + debulking surgery-10 and biopsy alone in 2 patients. Four of seventeen patients had relapsed earlier and received PVB as second line therapy. FIGO staging revealed: stage IIB in one, III C in 12 and stage IV in 4 patients. Gross residual disease (> 2 cm) was present in 13 patients. The most common cell types were dysgerminoma-5, endodermal sinus tumour-5, immature teratoma-5, choriocarcinoma and mixed germ cell tumour in one patient each. Twelve patients (70.5%) achieved significant response; complete response-11, partial response in one patient. The common side effects of CT were nausea/vomiting, myelosuppression, fever, mucositis, diarrhoea and alopecia. One patient died due to CT toxicity. Three complete responders underwent second look surgery and were found free of disease. This study confirms that PVB is an effective combination in the treatment of advanced and recurrent germ cell tumours of ovary and can be given over brief period. The toxicity of the regimen is moderate.
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PMID:Cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin in advanced and relapsed germ cell tumours of ovary. 769 Oct 50

An unusual case of peritumoral hemorrhage after radiosurgery for the treatment of metastatic brain tumor is reported. This 64-year-old woman had a history of breast cancer and underwent right mastectomy in 1989. She remained well until January 1993, when she started to have headache, nausea and speech disturbance, and was hospitalized on February 25, 1993. Neurological examination disclosed right hemiparesis and bilateral papilledema. CT scan and MR imaging showed a solitary round mass lesion in the left basal ganglia region. It was a well-demarcated, highly enhanced mass, 37mm in diameter. Cerebral angiography confirmed a highly vascular mass lesion in the same location. She was treated with radiosurgery on March 8 (maximum dose was 20Gy in the center and 10Gy in the peripheral part of the tumor). After radiosurgery, she had an uneventful course and clinical and radiosurgical improvement could be detected. Her neurological symptoms and signs gradually improved and reduction of the tumor size and perifocal edema could be seen one month after radiosurgery. However, 6 weeks after radiosurgery, she suddenly developed semicoma and right hemiplegia. CT scan disclosed a massive peritumoral hemorrhage. Then, emergency craniotomy, evacuation of the hematoma and total removal of the tumor were performed on April 24. Histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. It was the same finding as that of the previous breast cancer. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis without tumor cells in the center and residual tumor cells in the peripheral part of the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Peritumoral hemorrhage after radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumor: a case report]. 807 40

Intra-arterial cancer chemotherapy using an implantable reservoir was performed for the prevention of tumor recurrence in residual liver after resection of a metastatic tumor from colorectal cancer. Four cases of synchronous hepatic metastases and one case of metachronous hepatic metastasis, which were in H1 (2 cases) and H2 (3 cases), were treated. 5-FU was administered in a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 5 hours weekly (weekly high dose 5-FU HAI). The longest survival obtained is 1Y 11M. Other cases have survived for 1Y 7M, 1Y 12M, 9M, and 3M. Tumor recurrence was not observed in all cases except one. This case had a residual tumor because the complete resection was impossible. The tumor recurrence rate in patients treated with surgery alone at Nikko Memorial Hospital (n = 11) was 63.6%. The 1- and 2-year survival rate in these patients was 60.6% and 26.9%, respectively. As compared to these rates, the results of this study were very favorable. Although mild nausea and abdominal discomfort were observed in 1 patient, this adverse effect was reduced by administration of an anti-ulcer agent. Only a slight decrease of WBC and PLT counts was observed. Consequently, for residual liver after resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer, this intraarterial chemotherapy with 5-FU is considered to be effective to prevent tumor recurrence and thus to prolong survival.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial chemotherapy with 5-FU (weekly high dose 5-FU HAI) for the prevention of tumor recurrence in residual liver after hepatic resection of metastasis from colorectal cancer]. 837 10

Forty-two patients affected by either stage III and IV ovarian cancer with residual tumor after surgery or recurrent ovarian cancer entered a phase II study of the combination carboplatin 300 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 28 days. Thirty-eight patients were evaluable for response and of these 27 obtained complete or partial remission with a 71% overall remission (clinical complete remission 45%; partial remission 26%). Treatment tolerability was on the whole good. The most frequent side effects were leukopenia (76%), anemia (67%) and nausea/vomiting (60%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 31% of the patients, but nearly always to a mild degree except for one grade 4 case. No other grade 4 side effect was observed. We did not observe any cases of nephrotoxicity and only two patients complained of paresthesia. This carboplatin-cyclophosphamide combination in advanced ovarian carcinoma produces comparable results, in terms of objective responses, to those obtained with standard cisplatin-based regimens, with suggestion of a better toxicological profile.
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PMID:A phase II study of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian carcinoma. 845 65

Induction chemotherapy followed by radiation has been extensively studied in an effort to improve local control and possibly overall survival of patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. From June 1989 until May 1991, 39 patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) were treated with 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin (100 mg/m2 d 1) and fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 d 2-6) followed by radiation potentiated by weekly administration of carboplatin (60 mg/m2). Surgery was performed in selected patients with residual disease after the combined modality approach. Four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin (325 mg/m2) and bleomycin (15 u) were administered in those patients who demonstrated a partial response after locoregional treatment. There were 36 men and 3 women with a median age of 56 (range 39-74) years and Karnofsky performance status of 70 (range 60-100). The primary site of the tumor was nasopharynx (8), oropharynx (8), hypopharynx (3), oral cavity (4), larynx (13), paranasal sinus (2), and salivary glands (1). Thirty-two (82%) patients presented with stage IV disease. After the completion of induction chemotherapy, 14 (36%, 95% CI 21-53%) patients achieved a complete response (CR). This CR rate was increased to 56% (95% CI, 42-74%) after locoregional treatment. Main toxicities included nausea/vomiting (56%), leukopenia (40%), anemia (30%), thrombocytopenia (10%), stomatitis (28%), diarrhea (17%), and alopecia (12%). Median relapse-free survival was 18 (1-50) months, median time to progression was 13 (0.3-58.5) months, and median survival 19 (0.3-59) months. Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil followed by radiation potentiated with carboplatin is feasible. However, this combined modality approach, as applied in the present study, does not appear to yield superior results than those reported with chemotherapy followed by radiation alone.
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PMID:Cisplatin and continuous infusion of fluorouracil followed by radiation and weekly carboplatin in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study. 863 Jun 90

A large study of tumors of low malignant potential confirmed the favorable survival in this group of patients compared to invasive epithelial ovarian tumors. Only 8% of patients died with recurrent disease after surgery. Patients with stage IA borderline tumors with mucinous histology tended to recur later and carried a poorer prognosis than patients with serous histology and similar stage. The group at highest risk for relapse were age greater than 70, stage II or III tumors, and histology other than serous. Long-term survival in this group was less than 75%. This high-risk group of patients should be targeted for innovative adjuvant treatment strategies. This year several well-designed studies with large sample sizes showed DNA ploidy to be an important new independent prognostic factor in stage I ovarian carcinoma. In patients with well-differentiated early stage ovarian cancer, DNA flow cytometric analysis may indicate subgroups with less favorable prognostic characteristics. This method of analysis may be beneficial in determining the need for additional treatments after surgery for early stage ovarian carcinoma. Recommendations for the definitive management of early stage ovarian cancer awaits completion of current GOG and European randomized prospective studies. Paclitaxel given in combination with platinum-containing agents is an intense area of research for treatment of advanced stage disease. Early data from a prospective randomized trial of patients with advanced ovarian cancer showed a higher response rate and longer disease-free survival in patients treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin compared to a standard regimen of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin. The impact of this treatment on long-term survival awaits maturation of data. Preliminary results evaluating G-CSF in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin for dose escalation was reported. Paclitaxel, 250 mg/m2, and cisplatin, 75 mg/m2, were the maximally tolerated doses, with peripheral neuropathy or myalgias the dose limiting toxicities. Further studies are now underway to test the effect of dose-response with escalation therapies and to determine the optimal dose and schedule for the management of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. IL-3 significantly ameliorated neutropenia but did not prevent cumulative platelet toxicity in a regimen utilizing high-dose carboplatin. This mild improvement in myelosuppression was obtained at the cost of significant toxicity. Nausea, vomiting, malaise, bone pain, headache, fever, chills and facial flushing were frequent. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was tested as a means of consolidation treatment for patients after having a negative second-look laparotomy. These treatments were shown to be feasible; however, prospective randomized trials will be necessary to determine a benefit over operative therapy alone. Several studies addressed to problem of residual disease after primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. A large phase II study conducted by the GOG confirmed the activity of salvage cisplatin-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with small-volume residual ovarian cancer with favorable pretreatment characteristics. Whether intraperitoneal platinum-based therapy represents an advantage over systemic platinum therapy is being addressed in a prospective SWOG study. The use of six additional cycles of CAP for treatment of residual disease after primary treatment of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly improve complete pathological response and survival. Prolonged duration of chemotherapy above six cycles is not likely to impact treatment for residual disease. A regimen of high dose carboplatin was compared to whole abdominal radiotherapy for treatment of residual disease after initial chemotherapy. There was no difference in survival or disease-free survival between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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PMID:Gynecological malignancies. 863 1


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