Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients with surgically treated Menetrier's disease are presented. Diffuse or focal cystic hyperplasia of mucous secreting epithelium of the fundus with antral sparing characterized the stomachs in all of these cases. In most instances the disorder was found during evaluation of non-specific complaints of pain, nausea and diarrhea. Only one patient had sufficient loss of albumin to produce server ankle edema and four of the others had below normal serum albumin levels without associated symptoms. One patient presented with life threatening bleeding from the hyperplastic mucosa. None of the patients had an associated endocrine neoplasm. All of the patients are living and without symptoms of disease for periods ranging from three to twelve years after resection of all or part of the hyperplastic mucosa. The rationale for surgical therapy in this condition is presented.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of sex cases. 84 40

One hundred and fifteen patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophageal replacement with the stomach. The patients were divided into group A (52 patients, stomach tube, ante- or retro-sternal route) and group B (54 patients, devascularized upper half of the whole stomach, posterior mediastinal route). The post-operative complications, post operative symptoms and nutritional status were investigated in both groups. Lung complications tended to occur more frequently in group A (28.8% versus 22.2%), showing no significant difference. The incidence of other complications did not show a remarkable difference between either group except for leakage at the site of anastomosis. Major leakage occurred in 11.5% and 5.6%, and minor leakage in 30.8% and 18.5%, respectively. Postprandial fullness, nausea, heart burn and diarrhea were found to be somewhat higher in Group B. Change of oral intake, body weight and other indices of nutritional status were investigated and compared with pre- operative data. The amount of oral intake and levels of serum albumin was higher in group B than in group A between one and 12 months. These results demonstrate the superiority of the devascularized upper half of the whole stomach as an esophageal substitute.
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PMID:Investigation of suitability of devascularized upper half of the whole stomach as replacement for the esophagus. 128 72

The clinical course of 71 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was evaluated to determine relationships among nutritional status, gastrointestinal symptoms and survival. At baseline, weight loss was present in 98%, hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.5 g/dl) was present in 83%, and gastrointestinal symptoms included pharyngitis (54%), diarrhea (42%), nausea (23%), dysphagia (21%), and anorexia (18%). Both the magnitude of body weight loss and the serum albumin level were strongly associated with life-table analysis of survival. For weight loss, median survival of 520 vs. 48 days occurred in patients with less than 10% versus greater than 20% baseline weight loss, respectively (p less than 0.01). The substantial influence of serum albumin on survival is outlined below. (table; see text) In almost all cases, serial evaluation demonstrated progressive linear decrease in body weight and albumin. In patients with normal baseline albumin, the rate of 0.7 mg/dl albumin decrease per day was less than half that in patients with baseline hypoalbuminemia. A projected "time to develop an albumin level less than 2.5 g/dl" was calculated for patient groups based on initial albumin level and the rate of albumin decrease. The calculated interval was similar to the actual median survival time observed in these groups. We conclude that 1) nutritional status may represent a major determinant of survival in AIDS and 2) the rate of albumin decrease may define a function limiting survival of individual patients with AIDS.
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PMID:Nutritional status, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and survival in patients with AIDS. 210 28

Strictureplasty recently has been advocated in the treatment of obstructive strictures of the small bowel in patients with Crohn's disease. In contrast to conventional methods of treatment, such as conservative therapy with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or surgical resection of the involved bowel, strictureplasty eliminates the obstruction without loss of small bowel. The possibility of creating a short-bowel syndrome is of special concern in patients with diffuse Crohn's jejunoileitis. These patients usually present for surgery with chronic obstruction, anemia, weight loss, and malnutrition with folate and other vitamin deficiencies. The authors report the results of 12 strictureplasties for extensive Crohn's jejunoileitis in three patients presenting with chronic obstruction secondary to multiple small-bowel strictures. Both Heineke-Mikulicz and Finney strictureplasties were performed. In two patients, resection of an acutely inflamed phlegmonous segment was also performed. Symptoms (pain, abdominal distention, and nausea) were markedly improved postoperatively in all patients. Nutritional parameters, including serum albumin and total lymphocyte count, improved postoperatively. Dramatic rises in weight were noted also. All three patients were symptom-free six months postoperatively.
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PMID:Strictureplasty in diffuse Crohn's jejunoileitis. 401 13

It is accepted that the laboratory and clinical so-called "transurethral resection syndrome" reflects passage into the body of a large fraction of the water used to perfuse the field of endoscopic resection. The major complete syndrome (dyspnoea, nausea, hypertension, raised central venous pressure, bradycardia then pulmonary oedema, cerebral oedema, cardiovascular shock and renal insufficiency) is rare: 1.5 per cent of cases of transurethral resection of the prostate in the literature, 0.6% in a series of the last 300 resections performed by the authors (2/300). Also was it not possible to hope for a complete physiological study of sufferers from this complication. Nevertheless, it may be considered that all transurethral resections of the prostate may be associated with similar movements of water to a minimal extent. In order to attempt to demonstrate this, the authors studied in a series of 19 patients pre- and postoperative blood volumes by a radio-immunological technique using pre- and postoperative serum albumin haematocrits. In this short series, patients who had undergone a short endoscopic resection (35 minutes on average) of a small adenoma (13 grams on average) with a mean irrigation of 10 litres of water rendered isotonic by the addition of glycocolle, without any transfusion or infusion being necessary during the course of the resection, the conclusion was simple: no variation in blood volume was demonstrated. Is the physiopathological hypothesis advanced to explain this phenomenon false? And is the problem in fact one of peroperative septicaemia?
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PMID:[Transurethral resection of the prostate (turp syndrome), myth or reality? Analytic studies using a radioactive isotope method (author's transl)]. 721

Alpha-methyldopa-induced histologic alterations were investigated in 21 patients with hepatic injury after short- and long-term exposure. Seven patients developed liver injury within 6 months and 24 after several years (mean, 5 years) of exposure. Histologic findings and clinical and biochemical data differed significantly in the two groups. Morphologic analysis of the short-term-treated group revealed marked parenchymatous degeneration, focal, confluent and massive necrosis, and inflammation. Fatty accumulation and increased fibrous trabeculae were characteristic for the patients treated for long term. All patients in the short-term-exposed group had acute and severe hepatitis. Four of them had icterus. Two patients died of hepatic coma. Patients in the long-term-treated group had for several months initially mild but increasing discomfort, dyspepsia, nausea, and colics. Liver function tests in these groups revealed differences in serum albumin, bilirubin, and transferase levels. No changes were observed in alkaline phosphatase and Thrombotest. Fat accumulation and fibrous trabeculae suggest that the alterations precede the clinical symptoms and biochemical signs of hepatitis. The findings show that alpha-methyldopa may induce hepatocellular injury after short- and long-term exposure.
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PMID:Morphologic alterations in patients with alpha-methyldopa-induced liver damage after short- and long-term exposure. 732 15

In an attempt to find a method for effective nursing support which would maintain a favorable nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy, the nutritional status of 15 patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin therapy was evaluated, and the factors influencing their status were studied. (1) Nutritional status was evaluated in terms of 7 indicators: body weight, skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, grip strength, hemoglobin level, serum total protein and serum albumin. Among these, skinfold thickness proved to be the most sensitive indicator of the changes in nutritional status of cancer patients during chemotherapy. (2) Multiple regression analysis revealed that skinfold thickness was influenced by dietary intake, which in turn was related to nausea, vomiting, trait anxiety level estimated by STAI and maximum body temperature associated with infection. (3) It was concluded that the following nursing interventions are significant for maintenance of favorable nutritional status for cancer patients during chemotherapy. First, periodic evaluation of their nutritional status by anthropometric measurements is necessary. Secondly, efforts should be made to reduce nausea and vomiting, to reassure patients with severe anxiety so that they become mentally stable, and to motivate the patients to perform self-care for prevention of infection, thereby achieving a sufficient dietary intake.
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PMID:[A study of changes in the nutritional status of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy]. 836 97

Diet and nutrition are integral to the management of individuals with renal disease. Uremia engenders anorexia, nausea, meat aversion, and emesis, disturbances that ultimately reduce appetite and cause weight loss and malnutrition. Protein restriction can alleviate these uremic symptoms and improve patient health and vigor, but overly zealous protein restriction may, itself, produce malnutrition. This is particularly likely when energy intake is restricted by either design or anorexia. End-stage renal disease patients require renal replacement therapy for survival, and although dialysis is life sustaining, it neither replaces normal kidney function nor obviates the need for dietary management. In this setting of controlled, persistent uremia, undernutrition can develop surreptitiously. Dialysis physicians have long regarded malnutrition as a sign of uncontrolled uremia and failing health. This supposition has now been validated by epidemiologic studies demonstrating that serum albumin and protein catabolic rate (PCR) discriminate between dialysis patients at high and low risk of death or illness. This correlation of undernutrition with health and survival persists across wide ranges of age, medical diagnoses, and dialysis prescriptions. Because PCR is readily measured using urea kinetic analyses, it has been promoted as a patient monitoring tool and under steady-state conditions it is a reliable method of determining protein intake. Although a single PCR measurement does not integrate day-to-day dietary and metabolic fluctuations and contains an inherent uncertainty of +/- 20%, sequential measurements can be used to assess changes in an individual's dietary protein intake. PCR defines nitrogen losses and, when normalized to a realistic index of metabolic activity (metabolically active body size), it can disclose subtle individual variances in nitrogen utilization. These normalized protein catabolic rates (NPCR) do not, however, measure or describe overall nutrition. The normalization schemes employed are based on population averages and only approximate an individual's true metabolic activity. Thus, using NPCR to define nutritional needs can result in overfeeding obese and underfeeding wasted subjects. Instead, nutritional adequacy should be defined by clinical inspection and comparison with defined standards. Once that state is defined, and desirable protein and calorie intakes are determined, NPCR can be used to monitor the patient's ability to maintain homeostasis.
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PMID:The significance of protein intake and catabolism. 859 Nov 24

The anti-CD25 immunotoxin (IT), RFT5-SMPT-dgA, was used in a phase I dose escalation trial in patients with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. The IT was constructed by linking the monoclonal antibody RFT5 via a sterically hindered disulfide linker to deglycosylated ricin-A. All patients in this trial were heavily pretreated with a mean of 5 (range, 2 to 8) different prior therapies, including autologous bone marrow transplantation in 8 of 15. The mean age was 29 years (range, 19 to 34 years). Thirteen of 15 patients had advanced disease (stage IV) with massive tumor burdens and 6 of 15 had B symptoms. The IT was administered intravenously over 4 hours on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 for total doses per cycle of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/m2. Patients received one to four cycles of treatment. The peak serum concentration of intact IT varied from 0.2 to 9.7 micrograms/mL. The serum half life (T1/2) of the IT ranged from 4.0 to 10.5 hours (mean, 6.1 hours). Side effects were related to vascular leak syndrome (VLS), ie, decreases in serum albumin, edema, weight gain, hypotension, tachycardia, myalgia, and weakness. Two patients had a National Cancer Institute (NCI) grade 2 allergic reaction with generalized urticaria and mild bronchospasm. At 15 mg/m2, 1 patient experienced a grade 3 myalgia. All 3 patients receiving 20 mg/m2 experienced NCI grade 3 toxicities (edema, nausea, dyspnea or tachycardia) and 1 patient had NCI grade 4 myalgia. Thus, the maximal tolerated dose was 15 mg/m2. Seven of 15 patients made human antiricin antibodies (> or = 1.0 microgram/mL) and 6 of 15 developed human antimouse antibodies (> or = 1.0 microgram/mL). Clinical response included 2 partial remissions, 1 minor response, 3 stable diseases, and 9 progressive diseases. As has been predicted from the preclinical tests, these data seem to indicate clinical efficacy of this new IT in heavily pretreated Hodgkin's patients, thus warranting further clinical investigation.
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PMID:A phase-I study of an anti-CD25 ricin A-chain immunotoxin (RFT5-SMPT-dgA) in patients with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. 900 41

GI1147211 is a 7-substituted 10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin analogue that inhibits the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I. In this Phase I and pharmacological study, 24 patients with advanced solid malignancies received a total of 72 courses of GI147211 as a 30-min infusion daily for 5 consecutive days, at doses ranging from 0.3 to 1.75 mg/m2/day. Severe neutropenia precluded dose escalation above 1.5 mg/m2/day in minimally pretreated patients, and both severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting in heavily pretreated patients at doses above 1.0 mg/m2/day. These doses are, therefore, recommended for subsequent Phase II evaluations of GI147211 in patients with comparable prior therapy. Nonhematological toxicities, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia, were mild to moderate. The disposition of GI147211 in blood was described by a linear three-compartment model, with renal elimination accounting for only 11% of drug distribution. No relationship was observed between the pharmacological exposure to GI147211 and effects on neutrophils; however, patients who developed dose-limiting myelosuppression did experience greater exposure to both the lactone and total forms of the drug. The hydrolysis kinetics of GI147211 revealed not only a shift of the drug to the inactive carboxylate form in human serum albumin but also stabilization of the lactone in erythrocytes, perhaps accounting for the observed lactone:total area under the concentration-time curve ratio of 0.27. These results indicate that GI147211 exhibits predictable toxicities and that further studies are warranted to determine the distinct role of this compound among currently available camptothecin analogues.
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PMID:Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of GI147211, a water-soluble camptothecin analogue, administered for five consecutive days every three weeks. 953 26


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