Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a non-invasive cardiac output monitor (Bo-Med NCCOM 3-R7), we have compared cardiovascular responses, degree of haemodilution and incidence of nausea during extradural Caesarean section in healthy non-labouring mothers given either ephedrine 17.5 mg and 3% Dextran 70 7.5 ml kg-1 before delivery (group A) or volume loading with Dextran 15 ml kg-1 without infusion of ephedrine (group B). Smallest systolic arterial pressures before delivery were 114 (SEM 4) mm Hg (group A) and 105 (5) (group B). There were no significant differences between the groups in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, systemic vascular resistance or central venous pressure, while cardiac output increased more with the ephedrine infusion (P less than 0.05). Haemodilution was 8% in group A and 16% in group B at the time of delivery. Ephedrine infusion was associated with a smaller incidence of nausea (P less than 0.01). Umbilical arterial pH values were not different between the two groups. We conclude that infusion of ephedrine, combined with low volume colloid administration, is a safe alternative to more extensive colloid volume expansion for control of hypotension and provides effective prophylaxis against nausea during extradural Caesarean section in healthy non-labouring mothers.
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PMID:Colloid (3% Dextran 70) with or without ephedrine infusion for cardiovascular stability during extradural caesarean section. 137 56

In a five year study, 55 patients with radiolucent gall stones were treated with the combination of 7.5 mg chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 5.0 mg ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)/kg/day--that is, half the monotherapeutic doses. Side effects were few but four patients could not tolerate the prescribed bile acids because of diarrhoea or nausea. Analysis of fasting duodenal bile confirmed that CDCA+UDCA converted supersaturated into unsaturated bile but the saturation indices did not predict the dissolution response. By actuarial analysis, the confirmed (by ultrasound x2) complete gall stone dissolution rates in all 55 patients were mean (SEM) 29 (7)% at 12 and 44 (8)% at 24 months. The advent of routine computed tomography before treatment enabled comparison of dissolution efficacy in those screened by computed tomography (n = 24), whose maximum gall stone attenuation was less than 100 Hounsfield units, with that in those not screened (n = 29). Although stone size and number were comparable, patients screened by computed tomography had significantly better dissolution rates (p less than 0.025) than those not screened in this way. At 12 months, partial or complete gall stone dissolution rates were 93 (7)% in the screened and 55 (11)% in the non-screened patients. At 18 months, complete dissolution rates were 64 (12%) and 20 (9)% respectively. Computed tomography before treatment is cost effective in selecting those patients likely to achieve gall stone dissolution on treatment with UDCA+CDCA.
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PMID:Combination therapy with oral ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids: pretreatment computed tomography of the gall bladder improves gall stone dissolution efficacy. 156 59

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of increased Tl-201 uptake by the lungs after oral dipyridamole testing. In conjunction with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, intravenous dipyridamole has been recently approved as an alternative to exercise for the evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients who cannot adequately exercise, and it will largely replace oral dipyridamole testing. This study contributes to the understanding of the significance of increased lung thallium uptake during pharmacologic stress testing. Oral dipyridamole, 400 mg, was administered to 192 patients undergoing Tl-201 imaging for clinical indications. Mild adverse effects occurred in 31% of patients (chest pain, nausea, headache, or flushing). Dipyridamole had minimal hemodynamic effects. The lung/heart thallium activity ratio was determined in 152 patients. These were subdivided into four groups according to the presence or absence of ischemia, transient myocardial perfusion defect, or scar as indicated by a fixed myocardial perfusion defect. In 61 patients without transient myocardial perfusion defect or fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 1), the lung/heart thallium activity ratio was 0.39 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SEM). In 31 patients without transient myocardial perfusion defect but with fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 2), the lung/heart thallium activity ratio was higher, 0.44 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.05). In 27 patients with transient myocardial perfusion defect but no fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 3) and in 33 patients with both transient myocardial perfusion defect and fixed myocardial perfusion defect (group 4), the lung/heart thallium activity ratio was 0.51 +/- 0.03 and 0.52 +/- 0.03, respectively, both significantly higher than either group 1 or group 2 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Significance of increased Tl-201 uptake by the lungs in patients undergoing oral dipyridamole-thallium myocardial imaging. 161 45

In an effort to determine the incidence of respiratory depression and other side effects of subarachnoid morphine, we conducted the following prospective study in a large number (856) of young female patients undergoing cesarean delivery in one hospital. During the period from July 1987 to January 1989, patients receiving subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 0.2 mg preservative-free morphine were included. They were continuously monitored for 24 hours using a pulse oximeter. For 24 hours, the vital signs, including respiratory rate every hour, and the side effects, including pruritus, nausea, and vomiting, were recorded. The need for analgesia and the total dose of opioids during the first 24 hours were documented. Our results showed that respiratory depression (SaO2 less than or equal to 85% and/or respiratory rate ten breaths per minute or less) occurred in eight patients, all of whom were markedly obese. Fifty-eight percent of the patients did not require analgesics for 24 hours. In those requiring an added opioid, the dose was (9.1 +/- 0.5 mg morphine, mean +/- SEM). Eighty-five percent of the patients were satisfied with the postoperative analgesia. Six percent were dissatisfied due to the side effects, i.e., pruritus, nausea and/or vomiting. Nine percent were dissatisfied with the pulse oximeter because it caused false alarms and limited their mobility.
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PMID:The addition of 0.2 mg subarachnoid morphine to hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean delivery: a prospective study of 856 cases. 188 70

Ipecacuanha syrup induces emesis by an early peripheral (gastric irritant) action and a later central effect at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). We have studied the responses of plasma AVP, ACTH and ACTH-precursors to early and late ipecacuanha-induced nausea in nine healthy male subjects. Symptom severity was assessed using a linear analogue scale. All subjects reported 'early' nausea (N1) with a latency of 16 +/- 2 min (mean +/- SEM) and eight subjects vomited. Six subjects experienced recurrent nausea (N2) (latency 106 +/- 10.4 min) of whom five also vomited. The interval between the cessation of N1 and the onset of N2 was 55 +/- 10.8 min (range 25-80 min). The severity of nausea at the onset of N1 or N2 was similar but the AVP and ACTH responses were highly variable. Thus, while mean plasma AVP concentrations increased during both symptom periods, in three subjects during N1 and in three subjects during N2 plasma AVP concentrations did not rise above the normal range, despite marked symptoms. No clear pattern of AVP response to distinguish early peripheral from late central ipecacuanha-induced emesis was demonstrated. Whilst mean plasma ACTH concentrations increased during both N1 and N2 there were no changes in mean plasma ACTH-precursor concentrations. Analysis of pooled data for N1 and N2 demonstrated direct correlations between the nausea score and the peak incremental plasma responses of either AVP or ACTH and, despite the variability, peak incremental concentrations of AVP and of ACTH were also correlated. The data indicate that there is no difference in the AVP responses to peripherally or centrally stimulated ipecacuanha-induced nausea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The responses of arginine vasopressin and adrenocorticotrophin to nausea induced by ipecacuanha. 198 63

In an open-label prospective study the safety, efficacy, and patient tolerance of an enterally administered isotonic intestinal lavage solution containing polyethylene glycol-3350 was evaluated in 20 pediatric patients (ages 1 1/2 to 19 years) undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy. After an oral dose of metoclopramide, lavage solution was administered by mouth or nasogastric tube at a rate of 40 ml/kg per hour until stools were clear. Emesis occurred in 4 patients, nausea in 11, and abdominal distension in 5. Clear stools were produced in a mean (+/- SE) time of 2.6 +/- 0.3 hours. The volume of lavage solution delivered, which ranged from 15.6 to 183.3 ml/kg, varied inversely with the weight (and age) of the patient. Preparation of the colon was considered optimal in 11 patients, satisfactory in 7, and suboptimal in 2. Small but significant decreases in urine osmolality, blood urea nitrogen, serum glucose, and potassium values were noted at the termination of perfusion. Postperfusion serum glucose concentration in the smallest patient (11.4 kg) was 61 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L). Mean (+/- SEM) change in weight after perfusion was 0.14 +/- 0.05 kg (range -0.2 to +0.6 kg). Of 20 patients, 11 required or requested nasogastric administration of the lavage solution because of its unpleasant taste. We conclude that whole intestinal perfusion with a balanced electrolyte solution containing polyethylene glycol is safe, acceptable, and efficacious in children.
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PMID:Safety, efficacy, and tolerance of intestinal lavage in pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy. 206 47

Seventeen patients with malignant hypercalcemia were treated with a combination of a single dose of 3-amino 1-hydroxypropylidene-1-bisphosphonate (APD [also known as AHPrBP or palmidronate disodium]) and salmon calcitonin given as suppositories for 3 days. To assess whether such a combined short treatment has a significant benefit leading to earlier normalization of the plasma calcium level than does APD alone, 17 additional patients matched for the type of tumor, initial plasma calcium level, urinary hydroxyproline level, and the dose of APD served as controls. All patients receiving the combination of calcitonin and APD achieved normalization of the plasma calcium level within 9 days, with a decrease from 3.22 +/- 0.90 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM) to 2.29 +/- 0.03 mmol/L. In the group receiving APD alone, the plasma calcium level normalized in only 14 of 17 patients by day 9. In the group receiving calcitonin and APD, the drop in the plasma calcium level occurred more rapidly, and the plasma calcium values were lower from days 2 to 4. This advantage was explained by the calciuric effect of calcitonin, as reflected by a significant decrease in the notional setting of renal reabsorption of calcium, reaching 2.16 +/- 0.06 mmol/L compared with 2.34 +/- 0.06 mmol/L in the group receiving APD alone. There were no side effects of both treatments, in particular neither flushing nor nausea induced by the suppositories of calcitonin. Clinical Improvement occurred after 2 days in the group receiving the combined treatment. In conclusion, the combined treatment is rapidly effective and safe in the treatment of patients with hypercalcemia, particularly when the notional setting of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium is increased and a rapid correction of the plasma calcium level is needed.
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PMID:Fast and effective treatment of malignant hypercalcemia. Combination of suppositories of calcitonin and a single infusion of 3-amino 1-hydroxypropylidene-1-bisphosphonate. 222 97

Cabergoline (CAB) is a new oral dopaminergic compound showing a very long-lasting PRL-lowering activity and reported to be well tolerated. The efficacy and tolerability of chronic treatment with CAB in 30 female hyperprolactinemic patients, aged 18-52 yr (6 microadenomas, 3 macroadenomas, and 21 functional hyperprolactinemias), were studied. In a group of 10 patients who received CAB (0.8 mg once weekly or 0.4 mg twice weekly) for 8 weeks PRL levels normalized while on treatment and remained normal (8 patients) or greatly reduced (1 patient) for 1-2 months after discontinuation of the drug. Twenty-six patients underwent chronic treatment (6-12 months) with an initial dose of 0.5 mg once weekly, subsequently increased to 1-2 mg in 10 patients and decreased in the other 2. Due to severe side-effects CAB was discontinued in 3 patients, in 1, 8, and 12 weeks. A significant reduction of PRL levels was already observed after the first week of treatment (mean +/- SEM basal values, 90.1 +/- 13.3 vs. 29.5 +/- 6.3 micrograms/L; P less than 0.001). Twenty-two patients had normal PRL levels in 1-36 weeks (mean, 6 weeks) with 0.5-2 mg CAB. Twenty-two patients resumed regular menses; 2 patients became pregnant after 3-11 months of treatment. Thirteen patients complained of side-effects (nausea, hypotension, headache, gastric pain, dizziness, and weakness) that disappeared with time in 10 of them. The comparison with a previous bromocriptine treatment regimen in 20 patients had shown that the number of patients requiring discontinuation of the latter drug was significantly higher (7 vs. 3 patients; P less than 0.001). However, 2 patients who needed to discontinue CAB were able to tolerate bromocriptine therapy. A computed tomographic scan performed after 12 months of therapy in 7 patients showed a significant reduction (50%) of the adenoma in 5. In conclusion, our results show that CAB is a well tolerated new dopamine agonist with long-lasting activity that represents an advance in chronic medical treatment of hyperprolactinemic conditions.
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PMID:Effectiveness and tolerability of long term treatment with cabergoline, a new long-lasting ergoline derivative, in hyperprolactinemic patients. 257 Jul 90

CV 205-502 (Sandoz), an octahydrobenzol [g]quinoline, is a long-acting dopamine agonist which inhibits prolactin secretion. We conducted a phase 2 clinical study in 10 hyperprolactinaemic women (nine of whom were previously intolerant of bromocriptine) in order to determine (1) the dose at which CV 205-502 exerted its prolactin-lowering effect; (2) the nature of adverse reactions associated with long-term therapy; and (3) whether patients who were intolerant of bromocriptine could tolerate CV 205-502. At first patients were randomized to take initial doses of either 0.02 or 0.05 mg daily at bedtime. Thereafter these doses of medication were gradually increased either to the point of normalizing serum prolactin (to 0.70 IU/l or 20 ng/ml) or to a maximum dose of 0.14 mg daily. The lower initial dose was ineffective and had to be increased in all patients. The higher initial dose (0.05 mg) normalized prolactin in three of five women within 24 h. During chronic administration of the final dose of CV 205-502 (mean 0.09 mg a day), serum prolactin decreased from a mean level of 9.19 +/- 4.9 (SEM) IU/l to a mean level of 1.55 +/- 0.49 IU/l (n = 10 patients). Prolactin was normalized in five patients. Two patients, one of whom had been previously unresponsive to bromocriptine, and another unresponsive to pergolide with regard to prolactin inhibition, were also unresponsive to CV 205-502. Nausea, the side-effect responsible for these patients' previous intolerance of bromocriptine, occurred in six of 10 patients taking CV 205-502 but was much less disabling and did not cause any of the patients to stop this medication. Only one patient taking CV 205-502 discontinued treatment because of adverse effects (light-headedness).
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PMID:Effect of CV 205-502 in hyperprolactinaemic patients intolerant of bromocriptine. 257 97

The effects of a single 30-mg tablet of oral controlled-release (OCR) morphine (MST) on gastric emptying and small-intestine transit time (SITT) were compared with placebo in a double-blind, cross-over trial, on ten healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying was measured by paracetamol absorption and SITT by the rise in breath hydrogen after a carbohydrate test meal. There was no alteration in the absorption of paracetamol given 90 min after OCR administration but this was well before peak plasma morphine levels occurred. However, 30% of subjects had nausea after OCR morphine. Mean SITT in controls was 300 min (range 120-460 min) which was significantly prolonged in eight of the 10 subjects (P less than 0.05) and beyond the study period of 480 min in six subjects. Further study is required to determine how this compares with intramuscular morphine. Peak blood levels of morphine occurred at 3 h with a mean plasma concentration of 12.3 micrograms l-1 (SEM 2.0 micrograms l-1).
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PMID:Oral controlled-release morphine and gut function: a study in volunteers. 267 29


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