Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open controlled multicenter study the effectiveness of various dose levels of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) in patients suffering from chronic liver disease and treated over a period of 6 months is assessed. Subjective symptoms as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting and pruritus are positively influenced at all dose levels. A statistically significant fall of the transaminases SGOT, SGPT and gamma--GT however occurs only at a dosage of 6 tablets per day (3000 mg per day) of (+)-Cyanidanol-3, which cannot be demonstrated at a dose level of 3 X 1 tablet per day. Between the dosage of 2 X 3 or 3 X 2 tablets per day is no significant difference. Side effects due to therapy could not be observed.
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PMID:[A contribution as to the effect of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 in chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. 70 70

The authors report the case of a 63 year-old woman who developed high-grade fever with chills, nausea, diarrhea, severe pain in the right hypochondrium, and jaundice after one month's treatment with 300 mg of hydroquinidine hydrochloride daily. Serum bilirubin and aminotransferases were slightly increased, while alkaline phosphatases and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase serum activities were markedly raised. Histological examination of a liver specimen obtained by the transvenous route showed numerous epithelioid granulomas with giant cell formation and eosinophils in hepatic lobules and portal tracts. Symptoms disappeared three days after withdrawal of the drug, but hepatomegaly and a mild increase in serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase persisted more than eighteen months. Quinidine-induced hepatitis is almost always associated with fever, and, in one-third of the cases, with a pseudo-cholangitis picture. Extrahepatic hypersensitivity manifestations are often present. Histological examination of the liver shows granulomatous or cytolytic hepatitis. Withdrawal of the drug is rapidly followed by a favorable outcome; readministration causes immediate relapse; progression to chronic liver disease has never been reported previously.
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PMID:[Hepatitis caused by quinidine. Study of a case and review of the literature]. 373 35

This study was aimed at evaluating the tolerance to an intermittently administered oral UFT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with chronic liver disease (CLD). Ten patients who had received curative therapy for HCC with CLD (Child's classification A or B) were randomly assigned either an intermittent schedule (IS), oral administration of UFT (130 mg/m2/b.i.d.) with 2 days rest a week, or a continuous schedule (CS), consecutive administration of UFT with the same dose. On day 12, the serum concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was measured. After 2 weeks rest, the patients were switched to the other schedule for 10 weeks and the concentration of 5-FU was measured on day 12. The median values of the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of 5-FU in IS and CS were 187.7 and 263.2 ng/ml/h, 57.1 and 93.0 ng/ml, respectively. Both the AUC and Cmax for IS were significantly lower than those for CS. One IS patient had tolerable diarrhea, while three of the CS patients had intolerable nausea and one had hemorrhagic gastritis. IS seemed to be a suitable measure for CLD.
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PMID:A crossover study of oral administration of UFT in chronic liver disease: comparison of continuous and intermittent schedules. 966 May 36

Agenesis or hypoplasia of the hepatic lobe and floating gallbladder are both rare. We report an extremely rare case of hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe accompanied by floating gallbladder. The patient was a 71-year-old woman, with no past history of related symptoms, who was admitted for further evaluation of postprandial epigastralgia, nausea, and diarrhea. Laboratory data on admission showed chronic liver disease with positive anti-hepatitis C virus antibody. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed the absence of the left hepatic lobe and displacement of the gallbladder to the left. On endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, the cystic duct originated from the right side of the bile duct, but the gallbladder was displaced to the left. Poor yolk-induced gallbladder contraction suggested the existence of hypotonic biliary dyskinesia. Angiography demonstrated no middle or left hepatic arteries, indicating congenital hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe. Open cholecystectomy was carried out, and a diagnosis of hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe accompanied by floating gallbladder and chronic hepatitis was confirmed. We believe that this is the first reported case of a hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe coexisting with floating gallbladder.
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PMID:Hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe associated with floating gallbladder: a case report. 975 14

The aim of this open, non comparative, observational study was to assess the clinical and bacteriological efficacy, the tolerability and safety of levofloxacin for treatment of concurrent bacterial infections in patients with chronic liver disease. Overall, 40 patients (inpatients or outpatients) were recruited to the study (28 with UTI, 6 with pneumonia, and 6 with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)). Patients affected by UTI received 250 mg oral levofloxacin once daily for five days; patients with pneumonia or SBP underwent a 10/14-day therapeutic oral regimen with 500 mg b.i.d. Clinical evaluation and possible side effects were monitored daily both in out- and in-patients. For all patients, laboratory tests were performed at baseline and 3-4 days after the end of therapy in order to evaluate levofloxacin tolerability. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Student's t test to show differences between cases; all values are reported as means and standard deviations and p values were considered as significant when p<0.05. After treatment, clinical cure and bacteriological eradication were achieved in all patients (40/40; 100%). Adverse events, mainly gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. nausea), were observed in 5 out of 40 patients (12.5%) and no neurotoxic effects were registered (e.g. anxiety, hallucinations, convulsions, mental confusion). No significant variation in laboratory tests due to hematic crasis and/or hepatic and renal disorders was observed. Levofloxacin proved to be highly efficacious and safe in the treatment of bacterial infections in patients affected by liver disease.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin in patients with liver disease: a prospective, non comparative, observational study. 1657 91

Herbal remedies have become increasingly popular throughout the globe as a result of disappointment with conventional medicines and also of the alleged belief that herbal preparations are basically harmless. On the other hand, their effects can be exceedingly potent or even lethal if used improperly. Drugs and other chemicals account for less than 5% of cases of jaundice or acute hepatitis and smaller number of cases of chronic liver disease. Drug reactions can mimic any hepatobiliary disease, posing a diagnostic challenge for physicians and pathologists. Hepatotoxicity generally occurs after approximately 2 months of ingestion and consists of a non-specific hepatitis, which usually runs a benign course. Typical features include anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice associated with a marked elevation in serum aminotransferases. We present a case of acute hepatitis in a 70-year-old farmer, using Teucrium polium (golden germander) as hypoglycaemic aid. The patient presented only with jaundice, after 1 month's consumption of large quantities of this herb in a tea form.
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PMID:Hepatitis caused by the herbal remedy Teucrium polium L. 1670 59

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) results when chronic liver disease or portal hypertension causes intrapulmonary microvascular dilatation with hypoxemia. In experimental HPS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) overproduction contributes to vasodilatation, which is improved by pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor. The effectiveness of pentoxifylline in humans is unknown. The aim of this open-label, single-arm clinical trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of pentoxifylline in patients with cirrhosis and advanced HPS undergoing liver transplantation evaluation. Nine adults with cirrhosis and moderate to severe HPS were enrolled. All patients had an initial 2-week titration to a target dose of pentoxifylline of 400 mg by mouth every 8 hours, which was continued for 6 weeks. Baseline and follow-up arterial blood gases and TNF-alpha levels were evaluated. Adverse effects and tolerability were assessed. The 9 patients had a mean age of 55 +/- 10 years, and 67% were female. The most common causes of cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus and alcohol (55%). The mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 11 (range, 6-19), and patients had advanced hypoxemia [mean partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO(2)) = 54 +/- 12 mm Hg, mean alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a PaO(2)) = 57 +/- 15 mm Hg]. Of the 9 patients enrolled, follow-up blood gases were done in 7. There was no significant change in PaO(2) (P = 0.3) or A-a PaO(2) (P = 0.3) with treatment. Pentoxifylline was poorly tolerated. Nausea (100%) and vomiting (56%) were the predominant side effects, and only a single patient was able to complete full-dose therapy. Treatment with pentoxifylline did not improve arterial oxygenation in advanced HPS, and tolerance was limited by gastrointestinal toxicity.
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PMID:Pilot study of pentoxifylline in hepatopulmonary syndrome. 1866 53

Gastrointestinal symptoms are extremely common during pregnancy. Increased levels of female sex hormones cause or contribute to symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting and constipation. If these symptoms do not respond adequately to lifestyle and dietary changes, drug therapy is often warranted to improve quality of life and to prevent complications. Physicians, therefore, need to be familiar with the low-risk treatment options available. Treatment of chronic conditions such as IBD or chronic liver disease during pregnancy can be demanding. In women with IBD, maintenance of adequate disease control during pregnancy is crucial. Most IBD drugs can be used during pregnancy, but the benefits and risks of specific drugs should be discussed with the patient. Liver diseases can be coincidental or pregnancy-specific. Pregnancy-specific liver diseases include not only benign disorders such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, but also pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome (hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count). Accordingly, the spectrum of therapeutic measures ranges from expectant management to urgent induction of delivery. During pregnancy, lamuvidine therapy for chronic hepatitis B can be continued; however, interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C is contraindicated. This Review provides an overview of the spectrum and therapy of motility disturbances that occur during pregnancy, and discusses pregnancy-specific aspects of IBD and liver diseases.
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PMID:The spectrum and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders during pregnancy. 1925 5

Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode parasite, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Infection usually remains asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised hosts hyperinfection and dissemination can occur, which has a high mortality. Early detection of S. stercoralis may alter the fatal course of infection. We present our experience of five patients with S. stercoralis hyperinfection diagnosed by endoscopic duodenal and jejunal biopsy in northern India. A predisposing factor was present in all patients in the form of corticosteroid intake, chronic liver disease and panhypogammaglobulinaemia. Common gastrointestinal symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, vomiting and weight loss with evidence of malabsorption. The initial stool examination and peripheral blood eosinophil count were normal in all patients. Strongyloidiasis was not suspected clinically in any patient and the diagnosis was achieved on endoscopic biopsy. Three of the patients with disseminated disease developed fatal Gram-negative systemic infection. This study highlights the importance of considering strongyloidiasis in all patients on immunosuppressive drug therapy who present with gastrointestinal symptoms so that the patient can be appropriately investigated and promptly treated. In endemic regions, patients with systemic Gram-negative bacterial infections without an obvious cause should be tested for strongyloidiasis.
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PMID:Intestinal strongyloidiasis: a diagnosis frequently missed in the tropics. 1880 29

Hypercholesterolemia is a common problem among transplant recipients. Despite package-insert warnings about the potential side effects of the use of statins in patients with chronic liver disease, they are often prescribed for liver transplant recipients. Unlike statins, ezetimibe acts through inhibition of enterohepatic recirculation of lipids. We report the effectiveness and safety of ezetimibe among liver transplant recipients because this has been evaluated previously only in kidney and heart transplant patients. A consecutive cohort of 25 liver graft recipients with serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels > 100 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L) after a mean (+/-standard deviation) of 55 +/- 21 months following liver transplantation received ezetimibe (10 mg orally every day) for at least 6 months. Serum lipid profiles, liver and renal function tests, and dosages and blood levels of the immunosuppression drugs at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were prospectively collected. The overall mean age was 58 +/- 12 years, and 56% were males. Statin therapy and fibrates were already being used in 32% and 20% of recipients for elevated LDL and/or triglycerides, respectively. The immunosuppression regimen included cyclosporine in 48% of subjects, tacrolimus in 32%, sirolimus in 48%, and mycophenolate mofetil in 44%; only 12% were on oral prednisone with a maximum daily dose of 5 mg. After ezetimibe was started, an 18% reduction in LDL values was observed [at baseline, 147 +/- 35 mg/dL (3.8 +/- 0.9 mmol/L), and at 6 months, 120 +/- 31 mg/dL (3.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/L); P = 0.010]. After 6 months, an additional 32% achieved the target LDL level of <100 mg/dL. None of the remaining variables, including immunosuppression drug levels, varied significantly during ezetimibe therapy. None of the subjects required adjustments in their pharmacological dosages. One discontinued ezetimibe 3 months later because of cost, 2 subjects had minimal nausea, 1 subject had myalgias without a rise in creatine phosphokinase, and 1 subject had a transient elevation (3-5 times) in liver enzymes from baseline with increases in the total and indirect bilirubin levels. In conclusion, among liver transplant recipients, hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated with ezetimibe with few side effects and no interaction with immunosuppressive regimens.
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PMID:Safety and effectiveness of ezetimibe in liver transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia. 1939 42


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