Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma were treated with bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin C with or without methotrexate (BOM +/- M). The overall response rate of 64% (complete response [CR] rate, 19%) included 19 responses among 26 patients (seven CRs) with head and neck cancer, three responses among eight patients with cervical cancer, and three responses among five patients (one CR) with lung cancer. Six of 12 patients (two CRs) responded to BOM and 21 of 30 patients (six CRs) responded to BOMM. The median duration of response was 16 weeks. Toxic effects included nausea or vomiting in 33% of the patients, fever of > 101 degrees C in 26%, stomatitis in 29% and pulmonary toxicity in 19%. Four of eight cases of pulmonary toxicity were fatal and the incidence was related to the amount of both bleomycin and mitomycin C administered. The occurrence of pulmonary toxicity could not be predicted by serial determination of pulmonary function or blood gases. A wbc count nadir of < 2500/mm3 occurred in 15 of 42 patients. There were two episodes of sepsis with one death. A platelet count nadir of > 75,000/mm3 occurred in eight of 42 patients with no episodes of hemorrhage. BOMM produces a high objective response rate in patients with squamous cell cancer. However, the duration of remission is brief, and use of the regimen carries an increased risk of fatal pulmonary toxicity.
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PMID:Bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin C with or without methotrexate in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. 616 Sep 14

Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck not amenable to surgery or radiotherapy were treated with a combination of methotrexate 0.6 mg/kg IV weekly, bleomycin 15 mg IV weekly, and hydroxyurea 1,000 mg/m2 three oral doses weekly. Eleven complete responses and ten partial responses of more than 50% were observed. The mean duration was 43 weeks for complete responses and 35 weeks for partial responses. Toxicity consisted in leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and cutaneous alterations. Only one patient suffered reversible lung toxicity. These results suggest that a combination of three drugs in squamous cell head and neck cancer may be more effective than a combination of bleomycin and methotrexate only.
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PMID:Combined chemotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with methotrexate, bleomycin, and hydroxyurea. 617 Apr 72

Twenty-eight patients with head and neck cancer were treated with a combination of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and methotrexate (BEAM regimen), consisting cyclophosphamide 600 mg/body and adriamycin 40 mg/body on day 1, bleomycin 15 mg/body and methotrexate 20 mg/body on days 1 and 5. Dose modifications were performed according to patient's conditions. Of 18 evaluable patients, 3 patients showed a complete response and 3 patients showed partial response with an overall response rate of 33.3%. In this study, the patients who had already been treated with surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy produced good results. The median duration of response was 4.0 months in the complete responders, and 1.0 month in the partial responders. The median survival was 12.7 months in the complete responders 1.4 months in the partial responders, and 5.6 months in non-responders. The most frequent major toxic effects were leukopenia (66.7%), nausea (60%), and alopecia (57.3%) in the patients receiving the maximum dose of the drugs. Careful monitoring of patients is imperative during this treatment.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy (BEAM regimen) for head and neck cancer]. 619 55

33 patients with malignancies of the head and neck and 9 patients with carcinoma uteri received Sensorad combined with megavolt-therapy in a placebo controlled trial. 35% of the Sensorad treated patients with head and neck cancer showed an early radiomucositis. A full regression was achieved in 15 patients and a partial regression in 18 patients thus the drug helped in 79% of the patients treated. No regression was noted in 6 patients and a progression in 3, that means in 21% of patients no benefit was detected. In the placebo control group a benefit was proved for 35% of the patients whereas 65% of the patients showed no benefit. The proportion of benefit to no benefit was 3.66 in the Sensorad group compared to 0.54 in the placebo group. The patients with carcinoma uteri all showed a benefit from the treatment with Sensorad. The number of adverse reactions was small. 4 patients had nausea and gastrointestinal symptoms, 2 allergic reactions and 3 elevated SGOT (21.4%).
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PMID:[Clinical experiences with the radiation sensitizer MTDQ (Sensorad) in advanced malignancies of the head and neck region and in uterine cancer]. 638 48

Thirty patients with advanced head and neck cancer of diverse histologies received the combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) (100 mg/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (1,000 mg/m2/24 hours X 4 days) at 3-4 week intervals. Among all study participants, the median time to progression was 3.9 months and the median survival was 7.2 months. Among 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, we observed five objective regressions (25%). None of the responders had prior chemotherapy; four had extensive prior radiation therapy. Among 10 patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma neoplasms, we detected three objective responses (30%). Histopathology of the responding patients included poorly differentiated sarcoma, anaplastic carcinoma, and malignant mixed parotid tumor. Significant gastrointestinal toxicities included moderate-to-severe nausea (60%), vomiting (43%), and stomatitis (57%). Leukopenia (less than 4,000 cells/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (less than 130,000 cells/mm3) affected 78% and 41% of patients, respectively, without sepsis or hemorrhage.
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PMID:A phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and 5-fluorouracil in advanced upper aerodigestive neoplasms. 654 Jul 63

Twenty-seven patients with measurable or evaluable, regionally advanced or metastatic head and neck cancer were given a combination of cyclophosphamide (C), Adriamycin (A), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (P). Most patients had received extensive prior surgery and/or radiation therapy. Among 25 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 64% (16/25) with 3/25 complete responders and 13/25 partial responders. The median survival for the entire group of 25 patients and the median response duration for the subset of 16 patients experiencing tumor regression were 8.1 and 7.0 months, respectively. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (11 months vs. six months, P less than 0.01). According to covariate analysis, the difference seems to reflect the influence of response to treatment and not other confounding variables. Almost all patients experienced anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and a pervasive feeling of ill-health. In fact, six patients declined further treatment and five of these had objective tumor regressions. Recurrent disease was detected three months following discontinuation of chemotherapy in four of these five patients and seven months later in the fifth. Myelosuppression was clinically acceptable and there was in this dosage and schedule no evidence of hepatic or renal impairment. Although the CAP regimen has substantial antitumor activity, the program is clinically rigorous and should remain an investigational treatment modality at the present time.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in the treatment of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. 719 79

The efficacy and safety of granisetron alone (group G) and granisetron plus hydroxyzine hydrochloride (group G/H) as prophylactic therapy for acute and delayed nausea and vomiting were evaluated in an open trial in head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin. The severity of nausea was significantly reduced on days 1 and 4 in patients receiving combination therapy, but the frequency of vomiting was not significantly different between the two groups. The only side-effect observed was headache in 1 patient from group G, and no drug-related laboratory test abnormalities were observed. These results suggest that the anti-emetic efficacy of granisetron can be augmented by hydroxyzine hydrochloride.
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PMID:Comparison of granisetron alone and granisetron plus hydroxyzine hydrochloride for prophylactic treatment of emesis induced by cisplatin chemotherapy. 748 17

In a prospective study of 167 patients with head and neck cancer, we assessed the causes and mechanisms of pain, as well as the efficacy and side effects of analgesic treatment, along World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The majority of patients had pain caused by cancer (83%) and/or treatment (28%), 4% had pain due to debility, and 7% had pain unrelated to cancer. Palliative antineoplastic treatment was performed in 32% of patients. Systemic analgesics were administered on 97% of a total of 8,106 treatment days, and coanalgesics or adjuvant drugs on 100%. The treatment proved to be very successful, as severe pain was experienced only during 5% of the observation period. In the absence of serious side effects, the most frequent symptoms observed were insomnia, dysphagia, anorexia, constipation, and nausea. The use of analgesic and adjuvant drugs along WHO guidelines to treat pain in head and neck cancer is highly effective and relatively safe.
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PMID:Validation of World Health Organization guidelines for pain relief in head and neck cancer. A prospective study. 768 53

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of escalating doses of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN, Intron A) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (DDP) in patients with advanced cancer, 15 patients were accrued between May 1990 and July 1991. Primary sites were unknown (3), colorectal (3), head and neck (2), lung (2), gynecologic (1), gallbladder (1), sarcoma (1), anal canal (1) and pancreas (1). IFN was given s.c. on days 1-5 and then three times weekly with DDP (75 mg/m2, day 1) and 5-FU [750 mg/m2, days 1-5, continuous infusion (CI) on a 28-day cycle. The first two patients treated at level I (3 x 10(6) U/m2 s.c.) experienced possible neurotoxic deaths [massive cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and metabolic encephalopathy], and patient 3 had a grade 4 toxicity of performance status decline. Analysis of these events led us to exclude the enrollment of patients on i.v. morphine and of those with prior exposure to DDP. This resulted in grade 3 toxicity in terms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue and leukopenia but in no further CNS event. All patients were evaluable for toxicity but only ten were evaluable for response. Only two partial responses were seen, one in a patient with an unknown primary tumour and one in a patient with head and neck cancer. The combination of IFN is possible with 5-FU and DDP. The recommended dose of IFN is 2 x 10(6) U/m2 s.c. in patients with no prior exposure to DDP or i.v. morphine, given together with 5-FU (750 mg/m2, days 1-5, CI) and DDP (75 mg/m2, day 1) on a 28-day cycle.
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PMID:A phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer. 788 58

Induction chemotherapy of low-dose CBDCA, 120-hour continuous infusion 5-FU and UFT was applied to 22 patients with untreated head and neck cancer. CBDCA 75 mg/m2 was given on day 1 and, subsequently, 5-FU 1,500 mg/m2/day for 120-hour continuous infusion was started. UFT was administered every day orally at 400-600 mg/day as biochemical modulation. If tumors were reduced and side effects were mild, these schedules were repeated after two weeks. Three patients (14%) achieved a CR and 11 (50%) a PR, for an overall response rate of 64%. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and stomatitis were the predominant toxicities. They were mild and well tolerable, although severe diarrhea was observed in one case. Good general conditions of patients were kept because of low grade of toxicities. They were important factors for the tolerance of subsequent radiotherapy and surgery. Based on these results, we conclude that the combination of low-dose CBDCA, 5-FU and UFT as biochemical modulation is effective in head and neck cancer.
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PMID:[The effect of induction chemotherapy with CBDCA, 5-FU and UFT in head and neck cancer]. 815 88


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