Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Travelers' diarrhea is only mild or moderate in the majority of cases. Consequently, severe fluid and electrolyte losses are encountered only rarely. Secretory, osmotic, and inflammatory processes in the intestine result in increased losses of fluid and electrolytes due to diarrhea. Disorders of intestinal motor activity, coupled with fluid secretion, may also have a role in causing an increase in the frequency of bowel movements. Several systemic symptoms, such as malaise, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, and fever, are commonly associated with diarrhea and contribute to significant morbidity, which is often sufficient to compromise effective participation in a vacation or business trip. Several putative mechanisms for the systemic symptoms associated with travelers' diarrhea are discussed in light of recent understanding of the enteric nervous system, intestinal neuropeptides and hormones, and other inflammatory mediators released from the bowel wall during enteric infections.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of diarrheal disorders. 240 54

Identification of the characteristics that make certain travelers more likely to develop diarrhea, the most common illness affecting international travelers, can lead to prevention of the illness and to improved understanding of endemic diarrheal disease in developing countries. Travelers' diarrhea, a syndrome with a spectrum of clinical symptoms, is most frequently characterized by watery diarrhea, cramps, and nausea. The highest attack rates have been reported in travelers from the United States or northern Europe to less-developed, particularly tropical, countries. Among travelers from less-developed countries, diarrhea has been correlated with higher socioeconomic status. The findings that country of origin and socioeconomic status may affect the frequency of previous exposures to enteric pathogens suggest that persons with prolonged exposure acquire immunity and are at lower risk of developing travelers' diarrhea. Although few studies have shown a clear correlation between the eating of specific foods and the development of travelers' diarrhea, the syndrome has been associated with eating in public places.
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PMID:Epidemiology of travelers' diarrhea: current perspectives. 352 7

A prospective, randomized double-blind trial of doxycycline prophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea was conducted on 145 volunteers during a 2.5-day visit to Mexico. Traveler's diarrhea occurred in 15 (21%) of the placebo group and in 3 (4%) of the doxycycline group (p = 0.002). There was no rebound increase in the incidence of acute diarrhea after departure from the high risk area in the doxycycline-treated group. A variety of bacterial pathogens were isolated from individuals symptomatic with traveler's diarrhea. Nausea alone (8%) or nausea with vomiting (4%) occurred in the doxycycline-treated group only and were the only side effects observed (p = 0.003). We conclude that doxycycline is safe and efficacious for the prophylaxis of traveler's diarrhea for short-term exposure in a high risk area.
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PMID:Brief prophylaxis with doxycycline for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea. 633 8

Acute gastroenteritis is a common infectious disease syndrome, causing a combination of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. There are more than 350 million cases of acute gastroenteritis in the United States annually and 48 million of these cases are caused by foodborne bacteria. Traveler's diarrhea affects more than half of people traveling from developed countries to developing countries. In adult and pediatric patients, the prevalence of Clostridium difficile is increasing. Contact precautions, public health education, and prudent use of antibiotics are necessary goals in decreasing the prevalence of Clostridium difficle. Preventing dehydration or providing appropriate rehydration is the primary supportive treatment of acute gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Acute gastroenteritis. 2395 66