Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients aged over 65 years of age with advanced non-small-cl lung cancer (mean age = 70.7, stage IIIb: IV = 4:11) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and a vinca-alkaloid (Vindesine 3 mg/m2 or Etoposide 80 mg/m2). The effectiveness and side effects of this cisplatin therapy in different combinations of vinca-alkaloid regimens (Vindesine vs Etoposide) were examined. The mean dose of Cisplatin in the Etoposide combination group (75.2 mg/m2) was significantly higher than that in the Vindesine combination group (54.3 mg/m2) (p less than 0.01). A notable reduction the tumor size was observed in 25% of the Etoposide group, only. The 6-month survival rate and one-year survival rate were respectively 85.7%, 57.1% in the Vindesine + Cisplatin group, and 87.5%, 50% in the Etoposide + Cisplatin group. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and alopecia. These symptoms were either alleviated by antiemetic drugs or followed by spontaneous recovery. Leucopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups, and there was no difference in the time course of myelosuppression between the two groups. The extent of nephrotoxicity was assessed by creatinine clearance rate. Its decrease in the Vindesine group (60.1----38.9 ml/min) was higher than that in the Etoposide group (64.9----48.9 ml/min), while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the two groups. There were no cases in which chemotherapy schedules had to be interrupted due to myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cisplatin and vinca alkaloid combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the aged]. 196 86

The effectiveness of total body irradiation (TBI) plus local radiotherapy in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer was studied in 13 patients, using 4,000 cGy in 15 fractions over three weeks to the local site and 150 cGy in ten fractions over two weeks to the whole body. The mean survival for 12 patients was 31 weeks, with a median survival of 32 weeks. One patient received six courses of combination chemotherapy for recurrent disease four months after TBI without marrow depression and survived 72 weeks, the longest survivor in this series. Brain metastases occurred in only one patient, the most common site of metastases being the liver. All patients tolerated TBI well without nausea, vomiting or hair loss. When bone marrow suppression occurred it was asymptomatic, requiring no treatment and resolving within eight weeks.
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PMID:Total body irradiation as an alternative to systemic chemotherapy in small-cell anaplastic lung cancer. 196 11

A phase I clinical study of intravenous Tegafur was conducted in nineteen previously treated patients with primary lung cancer. The dose of Tegafur was elevated from 1.0 to 3.0 g/m2/day for five consecutive days to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The dose-limiting factors were gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity and fatigability observed with the dose level of 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days. Hematologic, hepatic and renal toxicities were not observed. Gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea of over grade 2 were seen to result from the dose of 2.5 g/m2/day. Neurological toxicity consisted of headache, dizziness, anxiety and depression. At the dose level of 2.0 g/m2/day, one patient, who had epileptic seizures in the past, experienced a psychomotor seizure. Depression (Grade 2 CNS toxicity) was observed at the dose level of 3.0 g/m2/day. Dose limiting factors were neurological toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU (the active form of Tegafur) has been studied in all patients. Serum level of tegafur was measured by HPLC method, and serum level of 5-FU was analyzed by GC-MS method. At the dose level greater than 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days, the mean serum 5-FU values appear over the therapeutic range (0.1 micrograms/ml). In conclusion, 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days was considered to be MTD, and 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days intravenous administration was recommended for the phase II trial of single agent chemotherapy.
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PMID:[High-dose Tegafur (FT) for primary lung cancer: a phase I trial]. 201 1

From May 1986 until July 1987, oral morphine hydrochloride in water solution was used in terminal patients, under a strict protocol of administration, and complying with the basic principles of Palliative Care. A retrospective study was carried out on the 40 patients who had received the drug for more than three consecutive days. As shown in Table 1, the average age of the treated patients was 70 years. The ambulatory patients represented 27.5% of the sample. The average initial dose was 60 mg, and the average maintenance dose was 120 mg. The median treatment time was 45 days. "Good" results were achieved in 85% of the patients, and "fairly good" in the remainder ("good" results were defined as "satisfactory symptom control, good life quality"--in this group there were some patients who obtained total suppression of the symptoms and optimal life-quality, i.e. "excellent" results; "bad" results were defined as "total absence of therapeutic effect"; and "fairly good" results, the intermediate cases). The more frequently treated symptoms were: 67.5%, pain due to tumor mass; and 20%, pain due to nerve compression-invasion, bone pain, and dyspnoea due to pulmonary metastases or primary lung cancer: total symptoms was more than a hundred per cent, because a number of patients had more than one symptom. Whenever necessary, adjuvant drugs were employed. Side effects were seen in 37% of the patients (specially nausea, vomiting, constipation, and somnolence for more than four days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Oral morphine in the treatment of patients with terminal disease]. 213 Feb 44

The efficacy and toxicity of 120 mg/m2 etoposide and 100 mg/m2 carboplatin given i.v. daily x 3 together with 750 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide and 1.4 mg/m2 vincristine given i.v. on day 1 (ECCO) in a regimen given every 28 days for 6 courses was assessed in 90 (40 limited stage, 50 extensive stage) previously untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer. Mediastinal irradiation using 50 Gy in 25 fractions was given to limited-stage patients without progression after 3 courses of chemotherapy. Cranial irradiation with 30 Gy in 10 fractions was given to all patients attaining a complete response (CR). Objective responses were seen in 83% [CR, 60%; partial response (PR), 23%] of patients with limited and 76% (CR, 22%; PR, 54%) of those with extensive disease. The median relapse-free survival for objective responders with limited disease was 13.4 months, with a median of 8.0 months for extensive-stage patients. The median relapse-free survival for patients achieving a CR was 13.4 months, with a median of 7.8 months for those undergoing a PR. The median survival was 13.3 months for patients with limited disease, with a median of 9.6 months for those with extensive disease. The median survival following a CR was 18.2 months, with a median survival of 9.9 months for those showing a PR. The combination was well tolerated, with either no nausea or nausea only (WHO grade 0 or 1) in 56% of patients and minimal mucositis, renal toxicity, neurotoxicity or ototoxicity. Neutropenia measuring less than 1.0 x 10(9) WBC/l (WHO grade 3 or 4) was seen in 74% of patients, with two deaths due to infection occurring during neutropenia. Thrombocytopenia of less than 50 x 10(9) platelets/l (WHO grade 3 or 4) occurred in 24% of patients. ECCO is a new, active, well-tolerated program for previously untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Etoposide, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine in previously untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer. 215 64

We undertook a phase I trial using fixed-dose cisplatin, escalating doses of etoposide, and reinfusion of previously obtained autologous bone marrow in 29 relapsed or refractory small cell and non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Median age was 59 years (range of 38-68 years). Three patients had small-cell and 26 patients had non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients received i.v. cisplatin 200 mg/m2 over 5 days and i.v. etoposide 600 mg/m2/day for 3 days (total of 1,800 mg/m2) that was escalated to 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, and 1,600 mg/m2/day for 3 days (total of 2,400-4,800 mg/m2). Cryopreserved autologous bone marrow was thawed and reinfused through a central venous catheter the second day after the completion of chemotherapy. Toxicities included nausea, vomiting, alopecia, high-tone hearing loss, mucositis, diarrhea, renal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis, and severe myelosuppression. The duration of neutropenia (less than 500 neutrophils/microliter) ranged from 5 to 22 days (median of 11 days) and the duration of severe thrombocytopenia (platelets of less than 20,000/microliters untransfused) ranged from 2 to 19 days (median of 9 days). Reversible renal insufficiency (peak serum creatinines of 6.7, 6.6, 4.3, and 3.5 mg/dl) occurred in four patients who completed the therapy. In three patients, death occurred within 4 weeks of chemotherapy and marrow reinfusion. Three complete and 12 partial remissions (range of 1+(-)22+ months, median of 3 months) were observed. No response was noted in eight patients and tumor progression within 1 month of transplant occurred in two patients. The maximally tolerated dose of etoposide was 1,400 mg/m2/day (total of 4,200 mg/m2), since two of three patients developed life-threatening diarrhea at the 1,600 mg/m2/day (total of 4,800 mg/m2) dose. The encouraging antitumor effects of this regimen suggest that this approach may be useful therapy for lung cancer and other tumors sensitive to VP-16 and cisplatin.
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PMID:Phase I trial of high-dose etoposide, high-dose cisplatin, and reinfusion of autologous bone marrow for lung cancer. 215 15

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.
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PMID:[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 216 36

A new dosage form of cisplatinum (CDDP), lactic acid oligomer microspheres incorporating cisplatinum (CDDP-ms), is designed to slowly release 70% of contained CDDP. CDDP-ms's acute toxicity is as low as 57% of the toxicity of CDDP aqueous solution, and its therapeutic efficacy is statistically significantly strong as compared with that of CDDP aqueous solution, when examined with experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by mouse M5076 ovarian sarcoma. Clinical trials were carried out in 10 patients with malignant ascites (gastric cancer 6, pseudomyxoma peritonei 2, colon cancer 1, pancreas cancer 1) and in one patient with pleural effusion (lung cancer). CDDP-ms at 100 mg/person in terms of CDDP was injected at bolus into the affected cavity. In the 10 patients with ascites, 7 responded completely, two partially and one did not respond. The patient with pleural effusion responded partially. The response rate was 91%. Five of the 11 patients complained of temporary nausea or vomiting. In 5 patients fever higher than 38 degrees C was seen. No other side effect such as kidney, nor liver-damage or blood cell count abnormality was noted.
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PMID:[Intracavitary microspheres incorporating cisplatinum in the treatment of malignant effusions--clinical trials]. 238 51

Fifteen patients with Stage IV lung cancer both untreated and previously treated were enrolled into a high-dose chemotherapy program with multiple alkylating agents and autologous bone marrow reinfusion. Eight patients received cyclophosphamide at 7.5 gm/m2 over 3 days with thiotepa escalated from levels of 1.8 mg/kg to 6.0 mg/kg over 3 days. Seven patients received the above dose of cyclophosphamide plus thiotepa at 675 mg/m2 and oral melphalan escalated from levels of 0.75 mg/kg to 2.5 mg/kg over 3 days. Both regimens are part of larger Phase I-II clinical studies. The median time to recovery of more than 500 granulocytes and more than 50,000 platelets per microliter was 16 and 27 days, respectively. Two patients died as a consequence of severe, overwhelming infections during their period of aplasia. Of the 13 evaluable patients, no patients achieved a complete response and seven patients (47%) obtained a partial response. The median duration of response was 12 weeks. Other nonhematologic toxicities included nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, skin rash, hemorrhagic cystitis, and cardiomyopathy. Since there are substantial toxicities associated with high-dose chemotherapy and responses of such brief duration, further investigation with these drug combinations is not warranted.
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PMID:High-dose, multiple-alkylator chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow reinfusion in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 253 52

Trimetrexate is a nonclassical antifolate with greater preclinical antitumor activity than methotrexate. Fourteen patients with stage III or IV non-small-cell lung cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were given trimetrexate (12 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days) every 3 weeks. No major objective responses were observed (95% confidence limits: 0-20%). Ten of the 14 patients had grade 2 or greater toxicity, with 50% experiencing grade 2 or greater leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia. Nausea, vomiting, rash, mucositis, diarrhea, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) elevations were also seen. At the dosage and schedule of trimetrexate used, no responses occurred in this population of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. With the low response rate and the observed degree of myelosuppression, trimetrexate appears to have limited utility in this disease.
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PMID:Phase II trial of trimetrexate in patients with stage III and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. 253 13


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