Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU is one of the effective regimens for head and neck cancer. We studied the difference in the effects and adverse effects between two kinds of schedules of CDDP administration for CDDP-5-FU combination chemotherapy. For 13 patients, CDDP was administered on 5 consecutive days from day 1 to day 5 at a daily dose of 16 mg/m2 (Regimen A). For 14 patients CDDP was administered 80 mg on day 1 (Regimen B). 5-FU was administered 700 mg/m2/ day as a continuous drip infusion for 120 hours from day 1 to day 5. For regimen A, the response rate was 77%; for regimen B, it was 64%. The pattern of adverse effects showed a difference. Regimen B was more toxic for renal function than regimen A. But regimen A showed toxicity for bone marrow function. Acute phase nausea and vomit appeared more frequently in regimen B. The difference in the adverse effect pattern, which depends on the schedule of CDDP administration, seems important in order to apply this regimen for head and neck cancer patients safely. The schedule of CDDP administration should be changes depending on the renal and bone marrow function of patients. In order to evaluate the efficacy of UFT as adjuvant chemotherapy, UFT was administered p.o. to patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma for more than one year after definitive treatment with surgery or radiotherapy. Fifteen patients with UFT adjuvant chemotherapy showed significantly better survival rates than patients without adjuvant chemotherapy. We also studied adjuvant chemotherapy with CBDCA and FT for patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Administration with UFT (600 mg/day) from day 1 to day 14 with CBDCA 350 mg/m2 at day 7 was repeated more than twice. This regimen showed low toxicity and better survival for nasopharyngeal cancer patients. More clinical trials with this regimen for adjuvant chemotherapy are needed.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP or CDDP analog for head and neck cancer]. 893 83

Dermatomyositis is associated with malignancy in approximately 20-25% of cases. The most common associated cancers are ovarian, lung, pancreatic, stomach, colon and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nasopharyngeal cancer is not common in the Caucasian population; however, there is a much higher incidence in Asian patients. Radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for early nasopharyngeal cancer, but combination chemoradiotherapy is becoming more common for patients with advanced disease since the Intergroup trial 0099 demonstrated improved progression-free survival and overall survival for chemoradiotherapy. Increasingly, the cytotoxic agent amifostine is being used prior to radiotherapy in an attempt to decrease associated morbidities. Amifostine has been found to significantly decrease acute and chronic xerostomia but not mucositis. It appears to be selectively protective to salivary glands and kidneys without being tumor protective. The most common side effects associated with amifostine are nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypocalcemia and allergic reactions. We describe the case of a man with dermatomyositis and stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy and s.c. amifostine. The patient suffered a life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction to amifostine.
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PMID:Life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction to amifostine used with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer in a patient with dermatomyositis: a case report with literature review. 1198 77

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a radiosensitive and chemosensitive tumour. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of an outpatient weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT) plus radiotherapy for advanced NPC. From November 1998 to August 2001, 90 NPC patients meeting the following criteria were treated: (1) neck node >6 cm; (2) supraclavicular node metastasis; (3) skull base destruction/intracranial invasion plus multiple nodes metastasis; (4) multiple neck nodes metastasis with one of nodal size >4 cm; or (5) elevated serum LDH level. The NeoCT consists of cisplatin 60 mg m(-2), alternating with 5-fluorouracil 2500 mg m(-2) plus leucovorin 250 mg m(-2) (P-FL) by an outpatient weekly schedule for a total of 10 weeks. Local radiotherapy > or =70 Gy by conventional fractionation was delivered within 1 week after NeoCT. Patient compliance was rather good. Grade 3-4 toxicity of NeoCT included leucopaenia (7.8%), anaemia (18.9%), thrombocytopaenia (3.3%), nausea/vomiting (4.4%), and weight loss (1.1%). Response evaluated after NeoCT showed 73.3% complete response (CR) rate of primary tumour, 71.1% CR rate of neck nodes, and an overall CR rate of 57.8%. In all, 88 out of 90 patients received rebiopsy of primary tumour and 55 patients (62.5%) revealed pathological CR. After a median follow-up time of 24 months, one persistent disease and 18 relapses were noted. The 2-year nasopharynx disease-free, neck disease-free, distant disease-free, overall, and progression-free survival rates are 98.9, 95.9, 80.0, 92.1, and 77.5%, respectively. Preliminary data of the current study show that P-FL NeoCT plus radiotherapy is a low-toxic regimen with promising results on very advanced NPC patients and merits to be investigated in phase III trials.
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PMID:Outpatient weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: high complete response and low toxicity rates. 1261 May 1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy concurrently with weekly cisplatin, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, for the treatment of N2-3 nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in Asian countries, especially regions of South and Southeast Asian countries where NPC is endemic. Between 2005 and 2009, 121 patients with NPC (T1-4 N2-3 M0) were registered from Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, The Philippines, China and Bangladesh. Patients were treated with 2D radiotherapy concurrently with weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m (2)), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) on Day 1) and fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2) on Days 1-5) for 3 cycles. Of the 121 patients, 56 patients (46%) required interruption of RT. The reasons for interruption of RT were acute non-hematological toxicities such as mucositis, pain and dermatitis in 35 patients, hematological toxicities in 11 patients, machine break-down in 3 patients, poor general condition in 2 patients, and others in 8 patients. Of the patients, 93% completed at least 4 cycles of weekly cisplatin during radiotherapy, and 82% completed at least 2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up time of 46 months for the surviving 77 patients, the 3-year locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 89%, 74% and 66%, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Grade 3-4 toxicities of mucositis, nausea/vomiting and leukopenia were observed in 34%, 4% and 4% of the patients, respectively. In conclusion, further improvement in survival and locoregional control is necessary, although our regimen showed acceptable toxicities.
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PMID:Radiotherapy concurrently with weekly cisplatin, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, for N2-3 nasopharyngeal cancer: a multicenter trial of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia. 2319

The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of radiotherapy concurrent with weekly cisplatin for T3-4 and N0-1 nasopharyngeal cancer. Between 2005 and 2010, 70 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (T3-4 N0-1 M0, World Health Organization Type 2-3) from Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand were registered. Patients were treated with 2D radiotherapy concurrent with weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m(2)). Neither adjuvant nor induction chemotherapy was given. Ninety-three percent of the patients completed at least four cycles of weekly cisplatin during radiotherapy. The median total doses for the primary tumor and positive lymph nodes were 70 and 66 Gy, respectively. The median overall treatment time of concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 52 days. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Grade 3-4 acute toxicities of mucositis, nausea/vomiting and leukopenia were observed in 34%, 4% and 4% of patients, respectively. With a median follow-up time of 52 months for the 40 surviving patients, the 3-year local control, locoregional tumor control, distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 80%, 75%, 74% and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, the current results illustrate that our concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimen was feasible, but disease control remained insufficient. Further research is encouraged in order to improve clinical outcomes.
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PMID:Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for T3-4 and N0-1 nasopharyngeal cancer: Asian multicenter trial of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia. 2625 58

Background: Platinum-containing doublet chemotherapy regimens are generally considered the standard first-line systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Gemcitabine (GEM) plus cisplatin (CDDP) has become a standard therapy based on a phase 3 study in several countries, yet this regimen sometimes affects quality of life due to nausea or appetite loss. Here, we present the manageable toxicity and promising activity of paclitaxel + carboplatin + cetuximab (PCE) therapy for R/M NPC. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with R/M NPC who were treated with PCE from 2013 to 2019 at the National Cancer Center East, Kashiwa, Japan. PCE consisted of PTX 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; CBDCA area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) 2.5 on days 1 and 8, repeated every 3 weeks; and cetuximab at an initial dose of 400 mg/m2, followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, as reported in the paper. Results: Fourteen patients were identified, consisting of 10 males and 4 females with a median age 59.6 years (range, 43-74). Among the 12 of 14 patients assessed for efficacy, overall response rate was 58.3%, with 2 complete responses and 5 partial responses. On median follow-up of 23.8 months, median overall survival was not reached with observed death events of 2. Median PFS was 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.6-5.6 months). Two patients experienced disease progression during cetuximab maintenance and restarted PCE treatment, then achieved partial response again. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (21.4%) and skin reaction (14.3%). No treatment-related death was observed. Conclusion: Although the number of study population was small, our results suggest that PCE is feasible and potentially effective for R/M NPC, with a 58.3% response rate and 4.1-month PFS. Further prospective evaluation is warranted.
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PMID:Combination Treatment With Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Cetuximab (PCE) as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. 3311 1