Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-nine unselected patients with locally advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas, who had not received previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy were randomised to receive either 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and mitomycin C (FEM) or epirubicin. Survival was not significantly different in the two arms. Toxic reactions (WHO grade greater than 3) in the FEM and epirubicin arm respectively included nausea (2), (4), severe alopecia (1) (3) and leucopenia (1), (5), none of these were statistically significant. We therefore suggest that combination chemotherapy should not be used in preference to single agent chemotherapy as standard treatment for locally advanced or metastatic cancer of the pancreas.
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PMID:Randomised trial of epirubicin alone versus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and mitomycin C in locally advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas. 190 26

Fifty patients affected by histologically confirmed gastrointestinal tract cancer (GTC) were treated with oral tegafur (TG) 1,000 mg m-2 p.o. on days 1-14 repeated after a 14 day interval. Out of 42 evaluable patients seven patients had a partial response (PR. 17%) with a median duration of 20.5 weeks, three had a minimal response (7%) with a median duration of 23.7 weeks, nine showed a stabilisation which lasted a median of 31.3 weeks, and 23 progressed (55%). No response was obtained in patients affected by carcinoma of the pancreas and the hepatobiliary system. All PRs were achieved in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. No response was seen in patients with bone, lung or nodal metastasis. Three PRs were obtained in patients resistant to 5-fluorouracil. The difference in survival between patients who achieved PR and those who had a stabilisation was not statistically significant. On the other hand the survival of patients with PR was significantly longer than that of patients who progressed. Oral TG was well tolerated by most patients. WHO grade 1-2 gastrointestinal and neurological toxicities were seen respectively in 36% and 25% of cases. Five patients had grade 3 nausea/vomiting and one had grade 3 diarrhoea. Our data suggest that oral TG is effective in the treatment of stomach and colorectal cancers.
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PMID:Oral tegafur in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers: a phase II study. 210 30

174 patients with chronic pancreatic diseases, 30 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 144 with chronic relapsing pancreatitis, 50 of them with calcifications, were observed in the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Marburg/FRG between 1972 and 1982. In order to differentiate between carcinoma and relapsing pancreatitis the data of these patients were analysed retrospectively with regard to patient history, actual complaints, findings of laboratory, sonography, ERCP and X-ray investigations. The following results were obtained: Of discriminating value are steatorrhoe, local palpatory pain, alcohol ingestion, a history of earlier attacks and relapsing pain situations; however, general abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss (if not exactly specified) are not. Within the laboratory findings bilirubin, GOT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT, serum potassium, blood sugar and chymotrypsin content of the stool were significant while serum and urine amylase were similarly distributed within the groups of patients. Carcinoma and chronic relapsing pancreatitis can be identified by sonography in the majority of patients, but calcifications of the pancreas were rarely demonstrated during this observation period. The obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts--mostly due to a carcinoma of the pancreas head--was usually well documented by sonography. Intraabdominal air proofed to be the most disturbing factor. In carcinoma patients, the ERCP is important in demonstrating a complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct and stenosis and dilatation of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis the pancreatic duct alterations such as dilatations and partial stenosis are well documented by ERCP especially if calcifications occur. In patients without calcifications, dilatation of the branches of the main duct are less relevant in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Radiological demonstration of calcification of the pancreatic area is important for the differential diagnosis. Longstanding characteristical complaints, symptoms and calcifications within the pancreatic area are the most relevant factors in discriminating carcinoma and chronic relapsing pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Differential diagnostic evaluation of chronic pancreatitis in relation to pancreatic cancer based on clinical, laboratory chemical and diagnostic parameters. Studies of 174 patients in 10 years]. 353 95

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5-year survival rate (39 +/- 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. 669 85

A case of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is reported herein. The patient is a 67-year-old Japanese woman complaining of ascites, general fatigue, loss of weight, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. Cytological diagnosis of ascites revealed adenocarcinoma. At autopsy, a whitish tumor measuring around 5 cm in diameter was found at the head of the pancreas. Metastasis was seen only in the liver. Histological examination displayed bizarre multinucleated giant cells occasionally phagocytosing the tumor cells and neutrophils.
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PMID:Giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas. 723 16

Anaplastic pancreatic carcinomas are rare tumors, frequently displaying a variety of growth patterns. The literature lacks a comprehensive study of this tumor. Thirty-five cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas diagnosed between 1955 and 1997 were retrieved from the Endocrine Registry at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Histology, immunophenotype, molecular analysis, and patient follow-up were analyzed. The tumors of 10 women and 25 men, aged 34 to 85 years (mean age at presentation, 62.5 years), were studied. Patients had vague symptoms (weight loss, pain, and fatigue, nausea, or vomiting), lasting an average of 13.2 weeks. The tumors, of an average size of 9.2 cm, were usually in the head or tail of the pancreas. The tumors were widely infiltrative, histomorphologically separated into predominantly large, pleomorphic cell, or spindle cell groups. Tumor phagocytosis and necrosis were noted. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed an epithelial origin with at least one epithelial marker in 78% of the tumors. K-ras mutations by sequence analysis were found in eight of 12 cases tested. Surgical biopsy/excision was used in all patients. Twenty-nine of 35 patients died of disease (average, 5.2 months), three died with no evidence of disease (average, 56.9 months), and three patients were alive at last follow-up (average, 94.0 months), one with residual disease. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with and without a K-ras mutation. Anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas usually occurs in the head of the pancreas in older men. The epithelial nature of the pleomorphic cells (giant or spindled) can usually be documented. Patients with K-ras mutations have a shorter survival time, even though the overall prognosis for all anaplastic carcinomas is fatal (93% fatality; average survival, 448 days). Ann Diagn Pathol 5: 129-140, 2001. This is a US government work. There are no restriction on its use.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 35 anaplastic carcinomas of the pancreas with a review of the literature. 1143 66

A 58-year-old man who complained of an abdominal tumor was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal CT scan showed that a 15-cm tumor occupied the entire right upper abdomen and that there were ascites and liver metastases. A liver biopsy was performed. The liver biopsy showed a small cell carcinoma pattern, but no definitive origin of the tumor was determined. Considering the extensive peritoneal invasion and multiple liver metastases, he received 2 / courses of cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy, but his tumor became larger with concomitant abdominal pain and nausea. The patient suddenly died due to multiple organ failure caused by tumor necrosis. The autopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of primary small cell carcinoma of the pancreas.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of giant small cell carcinoma of the pancreas]. 1915 77

Pancreatic carcinoma remains one of the main causes for cancer-related death. Intratumoral application of anticancer agents is discussed as a promising method for solid tumors such as pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic ultrasound provides a good tool to examine and treat the pancreas. European mistletoe (Viscum album L) is a phytotherapeutic commonly used in integrative oncology in Central Europe. Its complementary use seeks to induce immunostimulation and antitumoral effects as well as alleviate chemotherapeutic side effects. Intratumoral mistletoe application has induced local tumor response in various cancer entities. This off-label use needs to be validated carefully in terms of safety and benefits. Here we report on 39 patients with advanced, inoperable pancreatic cancer, who received in total 223 intratumoral applications of mistletoe, endoscopic ultrasound guided or under transabdominal ultrasound control. No severe procedure-related events were reported. Adverse drug reactions were mainly increased body temperature or fever in 14% and 11% of the applications, respectively. Other adverse drug reactions, such as pain or nausea, occurred in less than 7% of the procedures. No severe adverse drug reaction was recorded. Patients received standard first- and second-line chemotherapy and underwent adequate palliative surgical interventions as well as additive subcutaneous and partly intravenous mistletoe application. A median survival of 11 months was observed for all patients, or 11.8 and 8.3 months for stages III and IV, respectively. Due to the multimodal therapeutic setting and the lack of a control group, the effect of intratumoral mistletoe administration alone remains unclear. This retrospective analysis suggests that intratumoral-applicated mistletoe might contribute to improve survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, the application is feasible and safe, and its efficacy should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
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PMID:Intratumoral Mistletoe (Viscum album L) Therapy in Patients With Unresectable Pancreas Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis. 2436 83