Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The authors review the literature describing acute symptomatology produced by the gradual or abrupt withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and neuroleptics. 2. Withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic agents causes similar symptomatology. Symptoms produced by the discontinuation of these drugs include nausea, emesis, anorexia, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, myalgias, paresthesias, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. 3. Psychotic relapse is often presaged by anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. Prodromal symptoms are distinguished from the effects of neuroleptic withdrawal by a temporal relationship of the latter to reductions in the dosage or discontinuation of antipsychotic agents. 4. Withdrawal of MAOIs can result in severe anxiety, agitation, pressured speech, sleeplessness or drowsiness, hallucinations, delirium, and paranoid psychosis. 5. MAOI withdrawal phenomena resemble the symptoms produced by the discontinuation of chronically administered psychostimulants. 6. The capacity of MAOIs to exert amphetamine-like effects presynaptically and the propensity of somatic treatments for depression to subsensitize presynaptic receptors regulating the release of catecholamines provide a basis for the development of psychotic symptoms upon the withdrawal of MAOI. Evidence for this hypothesis is reviewed.
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PMID:Heterocyclic antidepressant, monoamine oxidase inhibitor and neuroleptic withdrawal phenomena. 196 71

The withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic agents can produce nausea, emesis, anorexia, diarrhoea, rhinorrhoea, diaphoresis, myalgias, paraesthesias, anxiety, agitation, restlessness and insomnia. The withdrawal of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors may result in severe anxiety, agitation, pressured speech, sleeplessness or drowsiness, hallucinations, cognitive impairment, delirium, suicidality and delusions of persecution. The withdrawal of antipsychotic agents may give rise to symptoms preceding the onset of psychosis. These potential harbingers of relapse include anxiety, agitation, restlessness and insomnia. The withdrawal phenomena reviewed are usually prevented by gradually reducing the total daily dosage of the pertinent drug. Antimuscarinic agents often alleviate the distress produced by the withdrawal of tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic agents. MAO inhibitor withdrawal syndromes may constitute medical emergencies. The prevention of the evolution of a MAO inhibitor withdrawal-precipitated syndrome is a high priority.
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PMID:Withdrawal phenomena associated with antidepressant and antipsychotic agents. 791 78