Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Meperidine 1 mg kg-1 and pentazocine 0.3 mg kg-1 were administered epidurally to investigate their effect on vesical function in twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I (ASA-1) adult males. Cystometry was performed before and 45 minutes following epidural administration of meperidine and pentazocine. There was no significant change in maximum cystometric capacity, detrusor pressure at which detrusor reflex occurred and in vesical compliance following epidural administration of meperidine in ten patients and also in ten patients who received epidural pentazocine. The mean onset of analgesia after epidural administration of meperidine was 8 minutes which lasted for more than 360 minutes whereas mean onset of analgesia after epidural administration of pentazocine was 4 minutes which lasted for more than 360 minutes. There was no significant change in heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate after epidural administration of either meperidine or pentazocine. None of the subjects in either of the groups experienced any difficulty in passing urine, frequency or urgency of micturition. Side-effects like nausea, vomiting, pruritus and respiratory depression were not observed. It is concluded that epidural administration of meperidine 1 mg kg-1 or pentazocine 0.3 mg kg-1 produces significant analgesia of faster onset without altering vesical function as documented, both subjectively by voiding symptoms and objectively by cystometry.
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PMID:Analgesic and urodynamic effects of epidural meperidine and pentazocine--a comparative study. 771 90

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common after recovery from anesthesia. We examined the prophylactic effect of granisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting in 120 female patients (ASA physical status I) undergoing gynecologic surgery. They were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 40 for each): saline (as a control), granisetron 20 micrograms/kg, and granisetron 40 micrograms/kg. Saline or granisetron was given intravenously (IV) over 5 min approximately 30 min before the end of anesthesia. Nausea, vomiting, and safety assessments were performed during the 24-h recovery period. For the 24-h period after surgery, the number of emesis-free patients was significantly larger in the granisetron groups than in the control group (83%, 78%, and 20% of patients receiving granisetron 20 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg, and saline, respectively). Granisetron at both doses also was superior to the control for the prevention of nausea over the 24-h study period (nausea visual analog scales at 24-h postsurgery: 49 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm in the control, granisetron 20 micrograms/kg, and granisetron 40 micrograms/kg groups, respectively). Fewer patients received "rescue" antiemetics in the granisetron groups than in the control group (10%, 10%, and 43% of patients in granisetron 20 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg, and the control groups, respectively). The adverse events in the granisetron groups were similar to those in the control group. The administration of granisetron had no significant effect on vital signs or clinical laboratory test profiles. Granisetron given at 20 or 40 micrograms/kg i.v. during anesthesia appears to be a simple, effective, and safe method for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:The antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic granisetron in gynecologic surgery. 772 41

Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) by intravenous pentazocine was performed to determine its efficacy and the dose required for the pain relief after gynecological or obstetric operations. After obtaining informed consent, studies were performed on 28 female patients (ASA I, II: Mean age 38.1 years: Mean weight, 53.8 kg) who had received gynecological or obstetric operations with lower abdominal incision. Anesthesia given was nitrous oxide and isoflurane combined with epidural anesthesia with 1% mepivacaine used only during the operation. Six patients had cesarian section under spinal anesthesia. No patients received opioid during anesthesia. PCA was performed with a Graseby PCA pump. Lockout time was 8 minutes and the bolus dose was 3 mg. In all the patients, satisfactory pain relief was obtained and no other analgesic was necessary. Mean initial dose was 169.4 micrograms.kg-1 and the mean doses used for following each 6 hours until 24 hours were 409.7, 368.6, 279.3 and 211.1 micrograms.kg-1 respectively. Evaluation of PCA by the patients after the procedure showed excellent (13 patients) good (12) and passable (3) analgesia. No significant complication was observed except temporary nausea in two patients. Satisfactory postoperative pain relief could be obtained by relatively small doses of pentazocine and adverse reactions related especially to sigma receptor could be avoided.
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PMID:[Postoperative pain relief by patient controlled analgesia using intravenous pentazocine]. 773 93

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and alfentanil was compared with balanced anaesthesia (BA) in 30 uraemic patients undergoing renal transplantation. TIVA (n = 15) was induced with propofol and alfentanil and maintained with propofol and alfentanil infusions, which were started immediately after induction. Thereafter the infusion rates were adjusted as needed. Ventilation was with oxygen in air. BA (n = 15) was induced with thiopentone and fentanyl and maintained with isoflurane/N2O/fentanyl. Vecuronium was used for muscle relaxation in both groups. Mean infusion rates for propofol and alfentanil were 10 +/- 1.8 mg kg-1 h-1 and 70 +/- 9 micrograms kg-1 h-1, respectively. To control hypertension during TIVA, larger amounts of propofol and alfentanil were needed and slower recovery was observed than in previous studies in ASA 1-2 patients. Also, significantly more vecuronium was needed during TIVA than during BA (P < 0.05). The recovery parameters were similar in both groups, except for the occurrence of nausea, which was less after TIVA. In conclusion, TIVA had no clinical advantages over BA.
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PMID:Comparison of propofol/alfentanil anaesthesia with isoflurane/N2O/fentanyl anaesthesia for renal transplantation. 783 74

The efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting were investigated in 65 ASA grades I-III patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery and receiving general anesthesia. Patients received ondansetron 4mg i.v. prior to a standardized technique for induction and intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2 and enflurane. The results showed that, by ondansetron 4mg, nausea and emesis could be significantly decreased. The effect lasted around 24h postoperatively without sedation. No one developed vomiting and only 9 patients developed nausea. No changes on laboratory parameters as well as vital signs were observed. No side-effects related to ondansetron were found. In prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting, ondansetron is effective and safe.
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PMID:[Ondansetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting]. 784 86

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and quality of recovery when general anaesthesia was induced with a mixture of thiopentone and propofol, compared with thiopentone or propofol alone. Sixty ASA class I and II women scheduled for out-patient laparoscopic surgery underwent induction of anaesthesia with either (i) thiopentone, (ii) propofol, or (iii) a mixture of the two, in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Anaesthesia was then maintained using nitrous oxide, isoflurane and fentanyl. A psychometric test was administered before and after surgery, and the time taken to reach a series of recovery milestones was noted. Patients were discharged as soon as they were ambulant and had satisfactory control of pain and nausea with oral agents. They were telephoned at 24-48 hr later, and asked to rate their experience of a list of side effects on an ordinal scale. Patient groups were demographically comparable and underwent surgery of the same duration. Those receiving thiopentone were discharged after a mean time of 3 hr 25 +/- 58 min (SD). The corresponding figures for propofol and the thiopentone/propofol mixture were 2 hr 40 min (+/- 49) and 2 hr 48 min (+/- 68) respectively. The recovery time between thiopentone and the other two regimes was different (P < 0.05). All three groups experienced equally frequent and severe nausea, headache, tiredness and other side effects during the next 24 hr. It is concluded that induction with a mixture of thiopentone and propofol leads to a similar rate and quality of recovery to that of propofol above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Recovery characteristics following induction of anaesthesia with a combination of thiopentone and propofol. 758 23

To investigate the effects of different types of anticholinesterase on the incidence of the postoperative nausea and vomiting, 100 ASA class I-II adult premenopausal female patients undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery were randomized into two groups. In both groups, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and fentanyl and 50% nitrous oxide and 0.5-1.5% of isoflurane were used for anesthetic maintenance with succinylcholine 1 approximately 1.5 mg/kg for intubation and atracurium 0.3 mg/kg/hr for maintenance of muscle relaxation. Patients received reversal agents for neuromuscular blockade after operation when the evoked train-of-four (TOF) count returned to four visual responses. A mixture of atropine 8 micrograms/kg and edrophonium 0.75 mg/kg was given to the first group of patients while atropine 15 micrograms/kg and neostigmine 40 micrograms/kg was given to another group of patients. All the patients were observed for the occurrence of nausea or vomiting for 2 hours after the operation in the recovery room. The incidence of nausea was not statistically significantly different in both groups (20% in neostigmine group and 26% in edrophonium group). The occurrence of vomiting was also similar in both groups (8% in neostigmine group and 6% in edrophonium group). We concluded that there were no difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting with the use of either neostigmine or edrophonium with atropine for antagonizing neuromuscular blockade after the lower abdominal surgery.
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PMID:Comparison of the combined effects of atropine and neostigmine with atropine and edrophonium on the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 793 82

Shivering is a common and complex phenomenon that occurs in many patients during spinal anesthesia. Shivering can increase oxygen consumption up to 500 per cent which may be detrimental to patients with decreased myocardial reserve. The metabolic costs and cardiorespiratory consequences of shivering are important particularly for patients with anemia, coronary arterial disease, cardiopulmonary insufficient, debilitated status or are elderly. We studied whether intrathecal meperidine could prevent shivering after spinal anesthesia. 60 patients with ASA class I-II were divided into intrathecal meperidine group (Group I) (n = 30) and control group (Group II) (n = 30). Group I received spinal tetracaine 12-16 mg with meperidine 0.2 mg/kg and Group II received spinal tetracaine 12-16 mg without meperidine. During operation the highest level of spinal anesthesia, ambient and rectal temperatures, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), presence or absence of shivering, intensity of shivering in both groups were recorded. Close observation for side effects was given post-operatively. There was a significant reduction (p < .005) in incidence of shivering in group I patients (16.7%) when compared with group II (56.7%). There was no or less side effects observed with other neuraxial opioids except nausea. We concluded that intrathecal meperidine could suppress shivering induced by spinal anesthesia.
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PMID:[Intrathecal meperidine attenuates shivering induced by spinal anesthesia]. 796 24

A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial was performed to assess the antiemetic efficacy of metoclopramide when included in a morphine patient-controlled analgesia regimen. Fifty ASA grade 1 or 2 patients scheduled for elective intermediate or major gynaecological surgery were allocated into one of two groups. All patients received a standardised anaesthetic and metoclopramide 5 mg was given intravenously 10 min before the end of the procedure. Group 1 received a patient-controlled analgesia regimen using morphine 1 mg.ml-1 solution. Group 2 received a patient-controlled analgesia regimen using morphine 1mg.ml-1 with metoclopramide 0.5 mg.ml-1 solution. Postoperative antiemetic treatment was with metoclopramide 10 mg intramuscularly or cyclizine 50 mg intramuscularly if this was ineffective. Pain scores, sedation scores, and morphine requirement were not significantly different between the groups. There was no difference in nausea scores between the groups, but more patients suffered moderate or severe nausea in group 1 (10 patients) than group 2 (three patients, p < 0.026). We conclude that metoclopramide, when included in a patient-controlled analgesia regimen, reduces the incidence of moderate to severe nausea, but not the overall incidence of nausea.
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PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of metoclopramide when included in a patient-controlled analgesia infusion. 797 41

Ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has recently been shown, in a dose of 8 mg, to be superior to 1.25 mg droperidol in preventing postoperative vomiting. There are indications that a dose of 4 mg of ondansetron may be just as effective in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting as a dose of 8 mg. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the adverse effects of 4 mg ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to droperidol in patients undergoing surgery with inhalation anaesthesia supplemented with alfentanil. METHODS. Following institutional approval, 40 ASA physical status I and II women scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery gave informed consent to participate in this randomized, double-blind comparative study. Five minutes before induction of general anaesthesia, 20 patients received a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 4 mg of ondansetron and the remaining 20 received 1.25 mg droperidol i.v. Anaesthesia was induced with 2.1-4 mg/kg of thiopental and 0.1 mg of alfentanil i.v. and maintained with 65% nitrous oxide and 1.5%-3% enflurane in oxygen. On pain stimuli another 0.2-0.4 mg of alfentanil was given. Total effective antiemetic response was defined as the absence of nausea and vomiting for 24 h postoperatively. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and the number of patients showing total antiemetic response as well as the incidence of adverse effects were compared with the chi 2 test and P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. Patients were similar with respect to age, height, body weight and total anaesthetic agents received. Duration of anaesthesia and the time until awakening was not significantly different among groups. Postoperatively 7 out of 20 patients given 4 mg of ondansetron and 3 out of 20 patients with droperidol vomited (n.s.). The incidence of nausea was 11 out of 20 in the ondansetron group, and 4 out of 20 in the droperidol group (P < 0.05). Sixteen patients in the droperidol group and 8 patients in the ondansetron group showed a total effective antiemetic response (P < 0.05). Postoperative sedation and well-being scores did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSION. Our results show that for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting 4 mg of Ondansetron was inferior to 1.25 mg of droperidol. The drugs were given intravenously prior to general anaesthesia for minor gynaecological surgery with nitrous oxide and enflurane in oxygen supplemented with small boluses of alfentanil.
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PMID:[Ondansetron as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting. A prospective randomized double-blind comparative study with droperidol]. 797 72


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