Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three narcoleptic subjects participated in a single-blind drug study with placebo-viloxazine hydrochloride (100 mg/day). One woman discontinued the study because of nausea and headaches during the treatment period. The remaining 22 subjects were polygraphically monitored during baseline, The remaining 22 subjects were polygraphically monitored during baseline, placebo intake, viloxazine treatment, and placebo intake following 48 h of drug withdrawal. Symptoms and side effects were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Except for the subject who discontinued the study, viloxazine was well tolerated, particularly in elderly subjects. The drug had an inhibitory effect on REM sleep, cataplexy, and other auxiliary symptoms. While there is no objective evidence that it heightens alertness, patients reported fewer sleep attacks.
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PMID:Viloxazine hydrochloride in narcolepsy: a preliminary report. 370 53

Psychoactive drugs are often widely used before tolerance and dependence is fully appreciated. Tolerance to cannabis-induced cardiovascular and autonomic changes, decreased intraocular pressure, sleep and sleep EEG, mood and behavioral changes is acquired and, to a great degree, lost rapidly with optimal conditions. Mechanisms appear more functional than metabolic. Acquisition rate depends on dose and dose schedule. Dependence, manifested by withdrawal symptoms after as little as 7 days of THC administration, is characterized by irritability, restlessness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, sweating, salivation, increased body temperature, altered sleep and waking EEG, tremor, and weight loss. Mild and transient in the 120 subjects studied, the syndrome was similar to sedative drug withdrawal. Tolerance to drug side effects can be useful. Tolerance to therapeutic effects or target symptoms poses problems. Clinical significance of dependence is difficult to assess since drug-seeking behavior has many determinants. Cannabis-induced super sensitivity should be considered wherever chronic drug administration is anticipated in conditions like epilepsy, glaucoma or chronic pain. Cannabis pharmacology suggests ways of minimizing tolerance and dependence problems.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of cannabis tolerance and dependence. 627 20

The authors tested the safety and efficacy of intravenous metoclopramide in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Those studied included hospitalized patients receiving their initial treatment with potent, emetogenic non-cisplatin-containing regimens, and outpatients receiving both their initial and maintenance non-cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Fifty patients received metoclopramide with one or more of three intravenous metoclopramide dosage schedules, based on whether they received their chemotherapy on an inpatient or outpatient basis. Of the 50 patients treated, 39 (78%) achieved total protection (no emesis), and 9 (18%) attained major antiemetic protection (one or two emeses) when all dosage schedules of metoclopramide were combined. Therefore, total or major antiemetic protection was observed in 48 of 50 patients (96%) receiving a broad range of potentially emetogenic chemotherapy. Antiemetic protection was shown not to depend on the schedule of metoclopramide dosing used, but rather on the emetic potential of the chemotherapeutic agents or combinations employed. In addition, previously treated patients in whom chemotherapy-related nausea or vomiting had posed a significant problem in the past, were shown to have an overall lower incidence of total antiemetic and antinausea protection as compared with patients who were previously untreated or did not experience emesis with prior chemotherapy. Thirty patients experienced no nausea or vomiting with intravenous metoclopramide; in the 20 patients who experienced nausea, its incidence was shown to be directly proportional to the emetic potential of the chemotherapy agents employed. Side effects were dose-related, however none were serious enough to warrant drug withdrawal. It is concluded that intravenous metoclopramide possesses significant antiemetic activity in patients receiving potent, non-cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. The dosage and scheduling required to provide total protection against nausea and vomiting appears to be dependent on the inherent emetic potency of the chemotherapy used. Further studies involving large numbers of patients are required to determine the optimal dosage and scheduling of this agent.
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PMID:Intravenous metoclopramide: prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. A preliminary evaluation. 669 33

The pharmacokinetics, hypotensive effect and tolerability of a new vasodilator, tolmesoxide (T), have been studied in 6 uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving atenolol and diuretic. After a 50 mg oral dose mean (+/- SD) peak plasma concentration of T was 1.13 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml-1 and occurred 0.79 +/- 0.40 h after the dose; mean peak plasma concentration of its sulphone metabolite (M) was 0.37 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml-1 at 1.92 +/- 1.32 h after the dose. Following peak plasma concentrations there was a monoexponential decline in T and M concentrations with half-lives of 2.78 +/- 0.77 h and 10.78 +/- 7.85 h respectively. There was a linear increase in plasma concentration of T and M during incremental dosing with 50--200 mg t.i.d. During in-patient administration of 600--900 mg T daily (n = 6) there was no significant change in blood pressure, pulse rate or body weight. Out-patient administration of 900 mg T daily (n = 4) was associated with a significant fall in mean systolic but not diastolic by (lying -15/+1 mm Hg. standing -25/-8 mm Hg). A further fall was observed in 2 subjects receiving 1200 mg and 1500 mg daily. Supine pulse rate increased (mean +/- SD) significantly from 55 +/- 5/min to 66 +/- 8/min following 900--1500 mg T in 4 out-patients. Severe nausea and other gastro-intestinal side-effects in all subjects receiving 600--900 mg daily eventually necessitated drug withdrawal. In its present form T is not recommended for the treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:A clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of tolmesoxide in hypertensive patients. 720 70

In 26 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, 80.8% of whom had a history of concomitant diseases, the effect of moxonidine (0.2 mg b.i.d.) on the 24-h ambulatory blood pressure profile (ABPM) was compared with captopril (25 mg b.i.d.) in a double-blind, parallel-group study. After 4 weeks of treatment with placebo, ABPM was performed and the patients were treated with moxonidine (n = 14) or captopril (n = 12) for a further 4 weeks. ABPM was then repeated. Both moxonidine and captopril reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure sufficiently and to the same extent. Mean 24-h pulse rate and standard laboratory parameters were not changed by active treatment. After drug withdrawal for 5 days, sitting blood pressure did not differ from baseline values in both groups. Serious adverse events did not occur, the most frequent complaints were nausea (2 of 14 patients receiving moxonidine) and dizziness (3 of 12 patients receiving captopril). We concluded that the blood pressure-lowering effects of moxonidine (0.2 mg b.i.d.) and captopril (25 mg b.i.d.) are comparable in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
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PMID:Twenty-four-hour blood pressure profiles in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension: moxonidine versus captopril. 753 24

We compared the response of blood pressure (BP) to either K-Canrenoate (K-Can) or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in 26 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives in a double-blind, cross-over design over 2 months each. The dose was 12.5 mg o.d. for HCTZ and 50 mg o.d. for K-Can: dosing was doubled after 1 month if seated diastolic BP was > or = 95 mmHg. Eight pts were "selective responder" to the lowest dose of HCTZ (HCTZ-R), and 6 to K-Can (K-Can-R). Seven pts had their high blood pressure controlled by the highest dose of both drugs and 4 were insensitive to both. One pt dropped out during HCTZ for low plasma K+, and 3 during K-Can (nausea and dizziness: 2 pts; plasma creatinine rise: 1 pt). All these side effects were reverted after drug withdrawal. HCTZ-R and K-Can-R differed for PRA (1.4 +/- 0.6 vs 0.8 +/- 0.4 Ang I ng/ml/h, p < 0.05) and Na-K-Cl cotransport (230 +/- 39 vs 372 +/- 24 mumolNa/L RBC/h, p < 0.01). Our data suggest the existence of a subgroup of essential hypertensives surprisingly insensitive to HCTZ, characterized by a "low" PRA and by a Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport higher than the HCTZ-R. Their selective response to K-Can suggest a peculiar pathogenetic mechanism underlying their high blood pressure.
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PMID:Different sensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide and to potassium-canrenoate among essential hypertensive patients. 851 9

Patients meeting the social phobia criteria of the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) on the DSM-III-R Structured Clinical Interview (n = 101) entered a long-term moclobemide treatment study. These patients were treated for 2 years with moclobemide (phase I) followed by drug withdrawal, in most cases abruptly (phase II). Those who relapsed entered phase III for a further period of 2 years of treatment. During phase I 40 patients (39.6%) withdrew due to inefficacy or relapse. Two patients were removed from the study because of other diagnoses (borderline or schizophreniform). At the end of phase I the remaining patients (58.4%) were rated as not ill (45.5%) or minimally ill (11.9%). Effort was taken to achieve the maximum dose of moclobemide (750 mg/day) and the mean (+/-SD) dose was 723.3 +/- 67.7 mg/day (month 21). A marked decrease in symptoms in the patients who responded was recorded on the Liebowitz Scale for Social Phobia, Clinical Global Impressions. Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Non-response was mainly associated with co-morbidity, especially alcohol abuse, axis II disorders, and a history of major depression or secondary dysthymia. The drug was well tolerated; the more frequent side effects were mild and occurred mainly in the first 2 months of phase I, including nausea, headaches or insomnia. In phase II there was a relapse rate of 88% and 51 patients entered phase III; these patients are still being treated.
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PMID:The long-term treatment of social phobia with moclobemide. 892 15

Late Phase II clinical study with bropirimine (U-54461S), a novel oral antitumor agent that has interferon inducing and anti-proliferative activities, was conducted in patients with bladder CIS at 38 institutions nationwide. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment, bropirimine was administered to the patients at the dose of 750 mg every two hours, three times a day, for three consecutive days with four-day drug withdrawal, based on the results of the preceding clinical studies up to early phase II. Among the 48 patients registered, 41 patients were evaluable for antitumor efficacy. Complete response (CR) was observed in 17 of them, no change (NC) in 18 patients, and progressive disease (PD) in 6 patients; so the efficacy rate was 41.5%. Classified by patient background, the efficacy rates were 58.3% (7/12) in patients with primary bladder CIS, 34.5% (10/29) in those with secondary bladder CIS, 45.5% (10/22) in those with Grade 3, and 23.8% (5/21) in those previously given chemotherapeutic agents or BCG by intravesical or other routes. Adverse drug reactions frequently observed were influenza-like symptoms such as fever and generalized malaise and gastrointestinal symptoms like anorexia and nausea/vomiting; these symptoms were all Grade 2 or milder. Abnormalities in laboratory tests, such as an elevation in GOT/GPT, neutropenia, and leukopenia were observed. These adverse effects were all tolerated by the patients. From the above results, bropirimine was considered to be a useful oral agent for the treatment of bladder CIS.
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PMID:[Bropirimine (U-54461S) late phase II clinical study for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Japan Bropirimine Study Group]. 902 Sep 49

An early Phase II study with TUT-7 (menogaril), a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was conducted in patients with various malignant tumors at 81 departments of 65 institutions nationwide. One course of TUT-7 treatment consisted of seven (7) or fourteen (14) consecutive days of administration at 75 or 100 mg/body/day with two-week drug withdrawal; at least two courses of treatment were given in principle. Among the 165 patients registered, 145 patients were eligible and 128 patients were evaluable for antitumor efficacy. In 11 patients with malignant lymphoma, one (1) had CR and five (5) had PR (54.5%); in three (3) patients with prostate cancer, one (1) had PR (33.3%); and in 12 patients with uterine cervical cancer, two (2) had PR (16.7%). Adverse drug reactions frequently observed were digestive organ disorders (anorexia and nausea/vomiting) and malaise. The abnormality in laboratory tests observed frequently was myelosuppression (leukopenia and neutropenia).
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PMID:[TUT-7 early phase II clinical study for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies]. 927 44

A late Phase II multicenter study with menogaril was conducted nationwide in patients with malignant lymphoma [non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's disease (HD)], and ATLL, menogaril was orally administered at 100 mg daily after breakfast, for seven consecutive days with two- or three-week drug withdrawal, then menogaril administration was repeated. For malignant lymphoma, in 81 patients with NHL and 5 patients with HD registered, 70 and 5 patients were evaluable for efficacy, respectively. The efficacy rates were 32.9% (6 CRs + 17 PRs/70) for NHL and 20.0% (1 PR/5) for HD, respectively; that for the NHL patients with prior anthracycline antibiotic chemotherapy was 30.5% (5 CRs and 13 PRs/59). For ATLL, among the 16 patients registered, 15 were evaluable for efficacy, and the efficacy rate was 40.0% (2 CRs and 4 PRs/15). Adverse drug reactions frequently observed in the patients with malignant lymphoma and ATLL included bone-marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, and nausea/vomiting. With these results, menogaril was considered to be effective for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and ATLL.
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PMID:[Menogaril (TUT-7) late phase II study for malignant lymphoma, adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma (ATLL)]. 927 45


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