Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-one patients continued a double-blind crossover study to compare the prophylactic effect on migraine of propranolol and clonidine. The daily dosage of propranolol and clonidine was 160 mg and 100 microgram, respectively. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between the two drugs in respect to headache or nausea. The number of sickleave days and the use of symptomatic drugs were both less on propranolol treatment than on clonidine, but there was no statistically conclusive difference.
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PMID:Propranolol (Inderal) and clonidine (Catapressan) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. A comparative trial. 699 50

A dopaminergic agonist, piribedil, was administered by intravenous infusion (0.1 mg/kg over 30 minutes) to 20 patients known to suffer from migraine and 20 subject free from any kind of headache. Neither changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), as measured by the 33Xenon inhalation technique, nor peripheral side-effects were noted in the control group. Patients with migraine exhibited an 18 p. cent increase in CBF and a 32 p. cent decrease in mean arterial pressure and rapidly developed nausea severe enough to discontinue the infusion in most cases. Prior administration of domperidone, a neuroleptic drug which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, suppressed the nausea and fall in blood pressure but had no effect on the increase in CBF. This study confirms the existence of central and peripheral hypersensitivity to dopaminergic agents in patients with migraine. The piribedil test could be used to distinguish genuine migraine from ordinary cephalalgia in patients prone to headache.
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PMID:[Dopaminergic hypersensitivity in migraine: a diagnostic test? (author's transl)]. 704 95

3 case studies of migrainous patients taking oral contraceptives (OCs) are presented in this report. The role of OCs in triggering a migraine attack and possibly elevating the risk of a stroke in a patient with migraines is examined. In the 1st case, a 27-year old white female accountant complained of temporal throbbing headaches associated with nausea, vomiting, hazy vision, small scotomas, and photophobia. The patient had been having the headaches twice a month since 1978 and she took Fiorinal to relieve them. Her physician diagnosed the headaches as migraine. The patient acknowledged that she started getting these headaches after beginning to use OCs 3 years earlier. Her family history revealed that her mother had severe migraine headaches which sometimes were accompanied by unilaterial paresthesia, as well as high blood pressure. Ophthalmoscopy, slitlamp, accommodation, and intraocular pressure findings were unremarkable. The patient was counseled about the factors which can trigger a migraine attack and was advised that eliminating these factors may reduce the frequency and intensity of the headaches. The patient was advised that OCs could increase her risk of having a stroke, especially with her family history. Her family physician subsequently reduced the dosage of her OCs. 5 months later the patient reported that she was trying to avoid the migraine triggering factors (e.g., she was wearing her sunglasses). Her headaches had become less frequent and less severe. The 2nd patient also began to have migraine attacks after beginning to use OCs. The 3rd patient's headaches became so severe after taking the pill that she consulted a neurologist. The 2nd and 3rd patients complained that the headaches were most severe at the time each month when they resumed OC use. None of the 3 patients discontinued OC use. The 2nd and 3rd patients were using a low estrogen OC, and the 1st patient was put on a low estrogen dosage after this optometrist's recommendation to her physician. Encouraging the patients to discuss the dosage of OCs with their family physician may be one of the ways to reduce the unwanted effect of the pill. The effect of OCs goes beyond triggering a headache. They may trigger a stroke particularly if the patient has a family history of high blood pressure as did the patients in this study. Differential diagnosis of migraine headaches includes muscle contraction, tension, sinus, and allergic headaches. Optometrists can be most helpful to the patients by counseling them to avoid the triggering factors. Glare, a triggering factor, could be reduced by tinted spectacles.
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PMID:Migraine and oral contraceptives. 714 75

In 7 patients given a standard treatment during spontaneous attacks of common migraine, activity in the temporal and sternocleidomastoid muscles was studied for 140 min. Pain and nausea ratings were taken with 20 min intervals. Baseline recordings were obtained from all patients during a period without headache and from 8 dental students without a history of migraine. During the attack of migraine, activity in the anterior temporal muscles significantly exceeded the patient's own baseline recordings and all muscles were activated more strongly than in the control sample. The increase in per cent of maximal muscle activity was insufficient to account for ischemic pain. Following treatment the activity of the temporal and sternocleidomastoid muscles decreased in 5 patients at the same time as the pain and nausea to the level of the controls. It is suggested that the moderate increase of activity on admission was a residual from stronger contractions earlier in the attack. In addition to cessation of the attack, placement in supine position and intake of diazepam may have contributed to the decline of muscle activity.
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PMID:Electromyography of pericranial muscles during treatment of spontaneous common migraine attacks. 717 78

A worsening of migraine headaches has been associated with estrogens, given for birth control and menopausal syndrome. It is suggested in this case history report that the same may be true in the male migrainous patient, in whom estrogens are rarely used. 1 week following surgery for prostatic carcinoma a 75-year-old white man who was started on stilbestrol 5 mg daily began to experience severe bifrontal, throbbing headaches with nausea and occasional vomiting. The headaches lasted 4-6 hours and appeared 3 or 4 times weekly. Fortification spectra in both visual fields and language disturbances occurred during the headache period. Stilbestrol was discontinued 4 months later, and the headaches improved. After 1 week without headaches, stilbestrol was begun again and similar headaches promptly recurred. Stilbestro was again discontinued, and the headaches immediately improved. 1 month later the patient was free from headache and has since remained so. Between the periods of headache, neurological examination was normal. The patient had a history of moderate common migraine, but following estrogen medication his symptoms became those of a severe clsssic migraine. The case raises the possiblity that the relation between estrogens and migraines is not limited to a fall in estrogen blood levels; steady or rising levels of estrogens possibly produce a similar effect.
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PMID:Estrogens and migraine. 721 75

One hundred and fifty patients with migraine attacks attending the Copenhagen acute migraine clinic were treated either with metoclopramide 10 mg i.m. metoclopramide 20 mg as suppository or placebo in a double blind trial. All patients simultaneously or 30 minutes later received paracetamol 1 g and diazepam 5 mg orally. The nausea was relieved in 71% of the patients by placebo and bed rest, but metoclopramide was significantly (p = 0.04) more effective and relieved nausea in 86% of the patients. Metoclopramide did not by itself reduce the pain, but enhanced the effect of the analgesic or sedative medication. This effect, however, just failed to be statistically significant (p = 0.06).
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PMID:A double blind study of metoclopramide in the treatment of migraine attacks. 737 38

The epidemiology of migraine and non-migrainous headaches (NMH) was investigated in a community survey in a neighbourhood of western Jerusalem in 1969-71. Diagnoses were based on histories taken by physicians. Prevalence rates among persons aged 15 and over were 10.1% for migraine (including classical migraine, 2.1%) and 25.6% for frequent NMH (more than once a month). Both migraine and frequent NMH were more prevalent among women. Migraine showed a peak of prevalence among women aged 35-44. Both migraine and NMH were associated with negative self-appraisals of health, emotional symptoms, reports of unsatisfactory present and past life situations, and a reported tendency to 'try harder' and 'hurry more'. No significant relationships were found with blood pressure, education, region of birth, marital status, number of pregnancies, pregnancy status, oral contraceptives, menopause, cigarette smoking, diabetes, preference for a high or low pressure of activities, or the importance attached to striving for achievement. Headaches accompanied by nausea and visual aura occurred four times as often as might have been explained by a chance concurrence of these features, and the occurrence of these symptoms conformed with a Guttman scale. The findings support the concept of migraine as a specific entity, which should possibly be considered as part of a single continuum of headache and related manifestations.
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PMID:Migraine and non-migrainous headaches. A community survey in Jerusalem. 744 Nov 40

Neurologic sequelae may occur months to years after cranial irradiation. The site of primary damage is probably the vascular endothelium. Over a 2.8-year period, four children with brain tumors, a mean of 11 years of age at diagnosis (range, 6.5 to 15.5 years), had new onset of severe intermittent unilateral headaches associated with nausea, episodic visual loss, hemiparesis, aphasia, or hemisensory loss. The headaches lasted 2 to 24 hours. All patients had previously received whole-brain (2,400 to 3,600 cGy) and additional local boost (1,800 to 3,100 cGy) cranial irradiation, as well as cisplatin-, lomustine-, and vincristine-containing chemotherapy regimens. Symptoms began 1.2 to 2.8 years after the diagnosis, when all had stable disease and were off treatment. MRI studies were unchanged, and CSF cytology, EEGs, echocardiograms, and magnetic resonance angiograms were normal in all. Cerebral angiograms, performed in three children, were normal but led to severe headaches and neurologic deficits (hemiparesis in one and visual loss in two) that resolved after 24 to 48 hours. Response to antimigraine and antiplatelet medications was variable. We conclude that (1) "complicated migraine-like episodes" may occur in children after cranial irradiation and chemotherapy as a sequela of therapy; (2) these headaches may not be the harbinger of impending strokes, severe intracranial vasculitis, or tumor recurrence; and (3) while cerebral angiography may be useful in differential diagnosis, it may cause transient worsening of symptoms.
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PMID:'Complicated migraine-like episodes' in children following cranial irradiation and chemotherapy. 747 78

Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is one of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies that has distinct clinical features including stroke-like episodes with migraine-like headache, nausea, vomiting, encephalopathy and lactic acidosis. We report a 27-year-old woman who presented with partial seizure, stroke-like episodes including hemiparesis, hemianopia and hemihypethesia, sensorineural hearing loss, migraine-like headache, and lactic acidosis. Brain computed tomographic scan showed encephalomalacia in the right parieto-occipital area and recent hypodensity in the left temporoparieto-occipital area with cortical atrophy. Muscle biopsy revealed ragged-red fibers and paracrystaline inclusions in the mitochondria. Genetic study revealed an A to G point mutation at nucleotide position (np) 3243 of mitochondrial DNA. External ophthalmoplegia and ptosis were also found during two exaggerated episodes in this patient. Therefore, the overlapping syndrome of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in the MELAS syndrome is considered in this case. Furthermore, we also found carnitine deficiency in this patient and she was responsive well to steroid therapy. Muscle biopsy also revealed excessive lipid droplets deposits. Therefore, the carnitine deficiency may occur in MELAS syndrome with the A to G point mutation at np 3243. We recommend the steroid or carnitine supplement therapy be applied to the MELAS syndrome with carnitine deficiency.
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PMID:CPEO and carnitine deficiency overlapping in MELAS syndrome. 748 81

We present the results of treatment with subcutaneous sumatriptan in migraine attacks. The study comprised forty-two patients suffering from migraine both with and without aura, with migraine attacks not susceptible to analgesics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), ergotics or else intolerance to the same. Two groups were independently analyzed, one consisting of ten patients who had menstrual migraine continually for twelve months, the other consisting of thirty-two patients suffering from migraine with and without aura for six months. We assessed the effectiveness of the drug (reduction in the intensity and duration of the attack, action, speed, recurrence) and tolerance (adverse effects). The effectiveness of sumatriptan in relieving headache was 75.9% (80% in the case of the menstrual migraine group and 71.8% in the case of the migraine with and without aura group). This effectiveness was maintained in a similar fashion by analyzing independently the first and last months of treatment. Adverse effects were noted in 38.7% of patients treated (40% for the menstrual migraine group, 37.5% for those with migraine with and without aura). The most frequent effects were pain at the point of injection, a feeling of general tiredness, nausea and a sensation of tension in the neck or chest. These effects were largely slight and short lived. No serious adverse effects were reported. A long term analysis carried out on the menstrual migraine group shows the efficacy of sumatriptan is kept up, with improved tolerance of the drug and a decrease in the number of negative side effects noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine attacks. An analysis of its long term efficaciousness and tolerance]. 749 33


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