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An appendiceal mucocele (AM) is an uncommon differential in the patient being evaluated for acute appendicitis. Although often asymptomatic, AMs can clinically mimic acute appendicitis, and preoperative distinction between these processes facilitates optimal management. We report the case of a 60-year-old male with an AM presenting with nausea and periumbilical pain radiating to the right lower quadrant. Literature relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of AMs is reviewed, with emphasis on diagnosis through radiographic imaging and surgical management. Abdominal CT scan or ultrasound are useful in identifying AMs preoperatively. A decision to perform a right hemicolectomy should be influenced by the criteria reported by Gonzalez-Moreno. The safety of the laparoscopic resection relative to an open appendectomy is debated.
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PMID:Pre-operative Identification and Surgical Management of the Appendiceal Mucocele: A Case Report. 2749 Oct 99

Appendicitis is a frequently encountered surgical problem in the Emergency Department (ED). Appendicitis typically results from obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, although trauma has been reported as an infrequent cause of acute appendicitis. Intestinal injury and hollow viscus injury following blunt abdominal trauma are well reported in the literature but traumatic appendicitis is much less common. The pathophysiology is uncertain but likely results from several mechanisms, either in isolation or combination. These include direct compression/crush injury, shearing injury, or from indirect obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by an ileocecal hematoma or traumatic impaction of stool into the appendix. Presentation typically mirrors that of non-traumatic appendicitis with nausea, anorexia, fever, and right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness and/or peritonitis. Evaluation for traumatic appendicitis requires a careful history and physical exam. Imaging with ultrasound or computed tomography is recommended if the history and physical do not reveal an acute surgical indication. Treatment includes intravenous antibiotics and surgical consultation for appendectomy. This case highlights a patient who developed acute appendicitis following blunt trauma to the abdomen sustained during a motor vehicle accident. Appendicitis must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in any patient who presents to the ED with abdominal pain, including those whose pain begins after sustaining blunt trauma to the abdomen. Because appendicitis following trauma is uncommon, timely diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.
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PMID:Appendicitis following blunt abdominal trauma. 2867 96

Omental infarction (OI) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain occurring in 0.1% of children, which is typically diagnosed during surgery for suspected appendicitis. We present the case of a 7-year-old Pakistani girl. She presented with acute, severe, progressive, right-sided abdominal pain, which was present for 12 hours before presentation. No constitutional symptoms such as fever, anorexia, nausea or vomiting were present. Clinical examination revealed an adequately growing child following the 50th centile. She had severe generalized abdominal tenderness with rebound tenderness and guarding, mainly on the right lower abdominal quadrant, with all other system examinations normal. She had mildly increased inflammatory markers, and her initial abdominal ultrasound scan result was within normal limits. She had laparoscopic surgery following a diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis; however, an intraoperative diagnosis of OI was made. This was later confirmed by histopathology. This case report highlights the importance of including OI in the differential diagnosis list of acute abdominal pain in children, in addition to the importance of computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard tool to aid diagnosis. In the presence of typical symptoms and signs of OI, a CT scan can assist and guide the management of similar cases. This course of action is suggested for the reason that OI typically runs a self-limited course and conservative care may be the most appropriate recommended course of action. Consequently, unnecessary operations could be avoided due to the diagnosis confirmation of studying images.
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PMID:Pediatric case of acute right-sided abdominal pain: diagnosis is not always appendicitis. 2938 16

We report a rare case of a cystic mass in an appendix in a patient who presented nausea, vomiting, and sharp pain in lower right abdomen and mimicking acute appendicitis. Although this entity is very rare, careful physical observation, imaging, and pathology can be helpful to make an accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Appendix epidermoid cyst: Presenting as an acute appendicitis. 2998 65

We would like to present the case of a 76-year-old female patient with cecal necrosis, which is a rare cause of acute abdomen in elderly women and a variant of ischemic colitis. The patient was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, anorexia, and nausea. Physical examination, laboratory parameters, and abdominal computed tomography revealed acute abdomen. We operated the patient with an infra-umbilical midline incision. Considering the pain localized to the right lower quadrant, our initial diagnosis was acute appendicitis; however, we kept in mind other differential diagnoses as well. After laparotomy Non-occlusive cecal necrosis was detected. Arterial pulse was palpated; however, no signs of trombus were detected. Patient also have a Meckel's diverticulum. Terminal ileum plus cecum resection and Meckel's diverticulum excision were performed. Isolated necrosis of the cecum may be caused due to multiple reasons. Especially in elderly female patients with predisposing factors like hypotension, sepsis, shock, drug use, vasculitis, and hypercoagulability, cecal necrosis should be kept in mind.
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PMID:A rare cause of acute abdomen: Isolated necrosis of the cecum. 3024 86

Acute diverticulitis is a painful condition of the gastrointestinal tract that results from sudden inflammation of one or more diverticula in the bowel wall. Right-sided acute diverticulitis, such as cecal diverticulitis, is uncommon diagnosis that can be easily misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis as it shares similar clinical presentation. An unusual complication of right-sided acute diverticulitis such as perforated cecal diverticulitis has different management from acute appendicitis. Thus, definitive diagnosis of this clinical condition with imaging is crucial to optimal management. We report a case of 43-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department with acute onset severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain associated with anorexia, fever, and nausea. Computed tomography scans obtained showed findings consistent with perforated diverticulitis limited to the cecum, and normal caliber appendix. Conservative medical treatment was decided based on localized imaging findings with excellent outcome.
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PMID:Perforated cecal diverticulitis with CT diagnosis and medical management. 3030 62

Appendicitis is a common cause of pediatric abdominal pain, largely occurring in the second decade of life. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who underwent an uncomplicated posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation for scoliosis, who later developed abdominal pain, nausea, and emesis secondary to acute appendicitis. Her hospital course was significant for prolonged intravenous use of narcotics for pain control and subsequent constipation but negative for abdominal pain or tenderness during her admission. While gastrointestinal complications are a common cause of unplanned 30-day readmissions in the pediatric population, appendicitis has yet to be reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute appendicitis after posterior spinal fusion, likely resulting from postoperative pain management.
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PMID:Acute Appendicitis After Spine Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Case Report. 3064 57

Enterobius vermicularis associated appendiceal colic and acute appendicitis are rarely encountered in the United States. The 9-year-old patient described in this case presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting consistent with acute appendicitis and was brought to the operating room for an appendectomy. Intraoperatively a pinworm, E. vermicularis, was visualized and the presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis was revised to E. vermicularis associated appendiceal colic. Retrospective review of the preoperative imaging demonstrates the first reported ultrasonographic image of pinworm inhabitance within the appendiceal lumen. The patient was treated postoperatively with a course of albendazole and recovered appropriately. This article reviews the geographic epidemiology, pathophysiology, surgical, and medical treatment recommendations in the management of E. vermicularis diseases of the appendix. Through dissemination of this ultrasonographic imaging, the authors hope to inform other providers about E. vermicularis associated appendiceal colic and reduce the incidence of avoidable surgeries.
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PMID:Enterobius vermicularis Appendiceal Colic. 3072 Mar 86

A 46-year-old female presented to our emergency department (ED) with a 2-day history of right lower abdominal pain which was associated with nausea and anorexia. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the right iliac fossa (RIF) with rebound tenderness and a localized guarding. Urine dipstick was normal, and the pregnancy test was negative. Her laboratory investigations were significant only for a CRP of 16.6. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was suggested based on the given history and relevant physical signs. However, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an epiploic appendagitis of the caecum with a normal-looking appendix. She was managed conservatively and responded well and was discharged after 2 days in good health. Though being a relatively rare case of acute localized right-sided lower abdominal pain, caecal epiploic appendagitis should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses with the final diagnosis reached usually by the radiological findings due to the nonspecific nature of clinical and laboratory features.
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PMID:Caecal Epiploic Appendagitis Masquerading Clinically as an Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review. 3077 45

Chronic diarrhea is defined as diarrhea that lasts longer than four weeks. Etiology of chronic diarrhea includes inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes, irritable bowel disease, chronic parasitic infections, bacterial toxins, drugs and motility disorders. Plastron appendicitis is an abscess formation that occurs when the appendix is surrounded by the omentum following perforation of acute appendicitis. The cases usually present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal mass. Chronic diarrhea is a rare finding. In this study, we explore a case of a 63-year-old man who had diarrhea and intermittent abdominal pain for 3 months and underwent a diagnosis of plastron appendicitis as a result of the investigations.
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PMID:An unusual cause of chronic diarrhea: plastron appendicitis. 3094 23


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