Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with high-dose melphalan (80-90 mg/m2) and BCNU (600-800 mg/m2). In all patients autologous bone marrow preservation was performed prior to therapy. Bone marrow was stored for 48 h in a refrigerator at 10 degrees C and reinfused 48 h post-therapy. Three patients had a complete response (CR), 1 a partial response and 4 patients no response. Two patients with CR died 4 and 5 months after therapy. One had an interstitial pneumonitis and 1 patient died from unknown cause. The third patient had a relapse 12 months after therapy. Major side effects were severe nausea/vomiting and a mild mucositis. Two patients suffered from BCNU-related encephalopathy. All patients had a full hematologic reconstitution after 6 weeks. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support achieves a high response rate. Long-term disease-free survival, however, was not seen with this approach.
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PMID:High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support in advanced malignant melanoma. 269 12

Acute H2S (hydrogen sulfide) poisoning can cause permanent damage to the nervous system. We describe two patients with such damage. Both reported nausea, feeling unwell and irritation of the eyes during work, and have developed persistent memory problems and neurasthenic symptoms. Neither of them had been unconscious. The first patient was exposed during one and a half hours welding of a sewage pump. The second patient worked for three weeks in a laboratory where hydrogen sulfide leaked from faulty equipment. The cases demonstrate the need for thorough work and symptom anamnesis together with neuropsychological testing in order to achieve a correct diagnosis of encephalopathy caused by hydrogen sulfide exposure.
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PMID:[Nervous system damage caused by H2S poisoning without unconsciousness]. 270 69

A case is reported in which tocainide, a relatively new cardiac antiarrhythmic for oral use, is believed to have caused a delirium. The patient had been admitted to a coronary intensive care unit for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia and had developed confusion, impairment in concentration and severe anxiety. Her EEG was compatible with metabolic encephalopathy. The clinical picture varied with the use of tocainide so closely that it appeared to be the most likely cause of the delirium. Other factors were taken into consideration but did not seem to adequately disprove this impression. Tocainide has been known to cause minor, transient and treatable side effects in the form of gastrointestinal and central nervous symptoms--mainly nausea, tremor and dizziness. There have also been three case reports of paranoid psychoses. It is suggested that psychiatrists be aware of the above complications as they may have occasion to see patients taking tocainide, especially in consultation-liaison work. A table with the more common side effects and their frequencies is included.
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PMID:Mental changes associated with tocainide, a new antiarrhythmic. 310 61

2 cases reports are described of patients with renal artery stenosis who presented with hypertensive encephalopathy, normal blood pressures having been recorded within the previous 6 months while taking oral contraceptives (OCs). A 27-year-old woman, admitted to the hospital following 2 grand mal fits, had suffered from increasing headaches, nausea, and vomiting over the previous month. Her blood pressure had been elevated at 160/110 mmHg 1 week prior to admission but had been normal over previous 11 years while taking OCs (various formulations of combined estrogen and progestogen) which she had stopped taking 2 months previously. She was a nonsmoker. Her blood pressure was controlled with atenolol, nifedipine, and bendrofluazide, and her conscious level returned to normal with no further fits. An intravenous urogram revealed a small left kidney with a delayed nephrogram, and subsequent arteriography showed bilateral medial fibromuscular dysplasia with a narrow stenosis of the left renal artery. Attempted balloon angioplasty was unsuccessful due to arterial spasm. 4 months after presentation she became pregnant. Blood pressure was controlled with methyl dopa during pregnancy which progressed uneventfully to full term. In the 2nd case, a 19-year old girl became confused and suffered a grand mal convulsion. She had complained of headaches over the previous 3 days. Her blood pressure had been normal over the previous 6 months while taking Logynon (phased formulation of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel). She was a nonsmoker. On admission to the hospital, she suffered further generalized convulsions. Despite control of her convulsions with intravenous chlormethiazole, her blood pressure rose to 220/140 mmHg, and this was controlled with intravenous hydralazine and propranolol. The following day she was conscious and was changed to oral therapy. A renogram and DMSA scan showed normal sized kidneys, but there was evidence of decreased blood flow to the left kidney with an increased transit time. Renal arteriography showed a stenosis of the left renal artery, typical of intimal fibromuscular dysplasia, which was dilated by balloon angioplasty. Anti-hypertensive medication was withdrawn postoperatively, and her blood pressure has remained well controlled. In both of the cases the onset of hypertension was rapid with encephalopathy being the presenting feature. Hypertensive encephalopathy is well recognized as a presenting feature of renal transplant artery stenosis but not in cases of native renal artery stenosis. 1 of the patients had stopped using OCs 2 months before presentation, suggesting that although there may have been an association between OC use and the development of fibromuscular dysplasia, it could not be implicated in the mode of presentation.
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PMID:Encephalopathy in renovascular hypertension associated with the use of oral contraceptives. 311 27

A seventy-two-year-old man with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage acutely developed severe headache, nausea, vomiting, agitation, and disorientation with abrupt rise in blood pressure on the sixth day after the onset. At that time, there were no remarkable changes in focal neurologic deficits, and repeated brain CT scans revealed a small hematoma located in the right basal ganglia without further enlargement or herniation. Blood chemistry and arterial gas analysis were within the normal ranges except for a slight rise in blood urea nitrogen. Similar episodes occurred three times within two days, and each time the cerebral symptoms disappeared in accordance with lowering of blood pressure by antihypertensive therapy. Complication of hypertensive encephalopathy was strongly suggested. The authors discuss the pathophysiology of this encephalopathy in relation to cerebral hemorrhage.
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PMID:Transient encephalopathy related to rapidly and markedly elevated blood pressure in acute stage of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage--relationship to hypertensive encephalopathy--a case report. 317 64

Lumbar myelography was performed with high volumes of iohexol (15-24 ml) at a concentration of 180 mgI/ml (average dose, 20 ml) in 48 patients. In 44 patients receiving more than the currently recommended upper dose limit of 17 ml, the frequency of headache (41%), nausea (14%), and vomiting (9%) was comparable to results for routine-dose lumbar metrizamide myelography. Overall, adverse reactions were more frequent, particularly at the highest dose levels, than reported for conventional-dose iohexol myelography. However, there were no occurrences of neuropsychiatric disorder, encephalopathy, or seizure. High-dose technique allows superior visualization of upper lumbar and conus detail and may be advantageous in patients with large subarachnoid spaces and in multi-level examinations. This study supports the results of previous trials that suggested the relative safety of iohexol as a contrast agent and extends those observations to a higher dose range. Because of the increased rate of adverse reactions at the highest dose levels (despite the absence of major adverse reactions), iohexol should continue to be used conservatively, with doses carefully tailored to each examination.
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PMID:High-dose iohexol myelography. 356 26

A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed. A 23-year-old black woman with a two-month history of seizure disorder was admitted to a hospital with nausea, vomiting, fever, lymphadenopathy, diffuse maculopapular rash, left-upper-quadrant tenderness, and hepatomegaly. She was receiving phenytoin sodium 300 mg/day; carbamazepine 200 mg four times daily had been discontinued four days before admission because of leukopenia. Phenytoin was discontinued after admission; however, phenytoin 1 g i.v. was given for a tonic-clonic seizure two days after admission, after which swelling of the face and legs and pruritus developed. Over the next few days, signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity progressed, and she became comatose. Seizures were treated with diazepam. She began to recover after 10 days of supportive therapy and was discharged several weeks later on primidone therapy. Serious phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions may appear as dermatologic, lymphoid, or hepatic syndromes. Fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy often accompany hepatic injury. Encephalopathy and death may occur. Proposed mechanisms for phenytoin hypersensitivity include antigen-antibody reactions, alteration of lymphocyte function, and an enzyme abnormality causing the production of toxic metabolites. Treatment is supportive; phenobarbital and carbamazepine may be used with caution as alternate anticonvulsant therapy. The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Phenytoin-induced hypersensitivity reactions. 367 71

Among patients with renal failure, there have been impressive modifications of both the duration and quality of life as a result of dialysis, renal transplantation, and improved medical management. However, patients who have renal failure continue to manifest a variety of neurologic disorders. Patients with chronic renal failure who have not yet received dialytic therapy may develop a symptom complex progressing from mild sensorial clouding to delirium and coma, with tremor, asterixis, multifocal myoclonus, and seizures. Even after the institution of otherwise adequate maintenance dialysis therapy, patients may continue to be afflicted with more subtle nervous system dysfunction, including impaired mentation, generalized weakness, and peripheral neuropathy. The central nervous system disorders of both untreated renal failure and that persisting despite dialysis are referred to as uremic encephalopathy. The dialytic treatment of end stage renal disease has itself been associated with the emergence of two distinct, new disorders of the central nervous system: Dialysis dysequilibrium and dialysis dementia. The dialysis disequilibrium syndrome consists of headache, nausea, muscle cramps, obtundation and seizures, and is a consequence of the initiation of dialysis therapy in some patients. Dialysis dementia is a progressive, generally fatal encephalopathy which affects patients on chronic hemodialysis. This disease also appears to be a complication of the therapy for renal failure.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of dialysis encephalopathy. 636 3

In a comparative randomized double-blind study, 73 patients underwent myelography using iopamidol (36 patients) or metrizamide (37 patients) as contrast medium. The overall diagnostic adequacy of iopamidol myelography was found to be comparable to that of metrizamide myelography. The incidence of examinations graded as superior (64%) or adequate (36%) with iopamidol was equivalent to that with metrizamide (57% superior, 43% adequate). Adverse reactions after iopamidol myelography were fewer, less severe, and generally of shorter duration than those associated with metrizamide. In the iopamidol group, adverse reactions occurred in nine (25%) patients, all of whom experienced mild or moderate headache, one with nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. In the metrizamide group, adverse reactions occurred in 17 (46%) patients, all of whom experienced mild or moderate headache, six with nausea and vomiting and four with back and leg pain. Of nine individuals who underwent myelography using 300 mg 1/ml metrizamide injected via lateral C1-C2 puncture, three experienced a toxic encephalopathy with confusion, dysphasia, headache, nausea, and vomiting, and a fourth individual suffered severe nausea, vomiting, fever, and irregular pulse. Encephalopathy was not observed in any of the 11 patients in whom myelography was performed via lateral C1-C2 puncture with a similar concentration of iopamidol. No seizures were encountered, and no clinically significant changes in laboratory studies were observed with either contrast medium.
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PMID:Iopamidol and metrizamide for myelography: prospective double-blind clinical trial. 638 81

Metrizamide (Amipaque), a water soluble nonionic contrast medium has less toxic effect in comparison with other contrast media, and it is now widely used for myelography, cisternography, ventriculography and cerebrospinal fluid dynamic imaging. However, as the number of cases in which this medium has been utilized has gradually increased, incidents of toxic manifestations have been reported. Among these, there are a considerable number of case reports referring to metrizamide encephalopathy, but only a few authors reported the appearance of triphasic waves on EEG when they occurred. The authors experienced one case of metrizamide encephalopathy accompanied by frequent appearance of triphasic waves on EEG. A 31-year old male was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of right homonymous hemianopsia. At that time he was fully conscious and mentally alert. On CT, 39 mm X 45 mm partially enhanced isodense mass was revealed on the enlarged sella turcica. Laboratory findings showed high titer of prolactin (10200 ng/ml). Premedication of 100 mg phenobarbital i.m. was followed by the tomography of the sella turcica, using 8 ml of 250 mgI/ml metrizamide injected into L 3-L 4 subarachnoid space. Several hours after the examination, he complained of slight nausea and was kept in bed with his head placed in an elevated position. The next morning, he was found to be in a drowsy state. He was disoriented and could not respond adequately to questions asked. His naming of daily necessities was also poor, although he knew how to use them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of metrizamide encephalopathy with triphasic waves on EEG]. 654 77


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