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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Until now, the potential antiarrhythmic benefits of disopyramide have been restricted by anticholinergic side effects. These side effects have included xerostomia (dry mouth, nose or eyes), abdominal discomfort, nausea, constipation and, most importantly, urinary hesitancy and retention. A sustained-release form of pyridostigmine, an acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor, has been shown to a) prevent the anticholinergic side effects of disopyramide when used prophylactically and b) to eliminate or attenuate these symptoms if they are already present. Pyridostigmine has no measurable effect on disopyramide's antiarrhythmic properties. This represents a beneficial new drug interaction which will improve tolerance of disopyramide and increase patient compliance with disopyramide-containing regimens.
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PMID:The anticholinergic side effects of disopyramide and controlled-release disopyramide. 406 65

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of zimeldine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, in the long-term treatment of depressive disorders. The study was an open label, multicentre investigation involving 147 patients who were suffering from depressive illness and who needed long-term anti-depressant treatment. Sixty-five patients completed the intended treatment period of 1 year, 75 terminated prematurely, and 7 are still in the programme. The reasons for termination were mainly ineffectiveness of the drug and adverse reactions. During the long-term treatment the most common emergent symptoms were, in order of decreasing frequency, dizziness, dry mouth, sleep disorders, sweating, tremor, nausea and headache. The side-effects were, however, mild and they generally decreased during the treatment period. No new adverse symptoms were reported. In the long-term treatment group, body weight showed a slight mean decrease. Clinical chemistry and cardiovascular investigations were judged to show no changes of clinical importance. It is concluded that zimeldine was shown to be a safe drug in this 1-year treatment programme of depression.
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PMID:The safety of zimeldine in long-term use in depressive illness. 623 Aug 89

Eighty-one severely hypertensive patients were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, parallel group study evaluating the efficacy and safety of labetalol alone or in combination with furosemide versus methyldopa in combination with furosemide. A one day to four week placebo lead-in phase was followed by a one- to six-week titration period and a one-year maintenance period. Treatment with labetalol alone or in combination with furosemide, as well as methyldopa plus furosemide, was associated with significant reductions in supine and standing blood pressure levels. Moreover, after six months and one year of treatment, respectively, labetalol caused a significantly (p less than 0.05) greater reduction in the systolic blood pressure than the methyldopa regimen. The antihypertensive effect of labetalol was associated with small, yet significant reductions in heart rate; in contrast, resting tachycardia was observed in methyldopa-treated patients. Side effect profiles of the two treatments were different, with nausea being the most commonly reported side effect during labetalol therapy, and asthenia, somnolence, and dry mouth during methyldopa therapy. Overall, 33 of 65 (53 percent) labetalol-treated and 28 of 60 (47 percent) methyldopa-treated patients had at least a good response (that is, standing diastolic blood pressure 90 to 94 mm Hg) to therapy, including 26 (40 percent) and 22 (37 percent) patients, respectively, who had standing diastolic blood pressure levels of less than 90 mm Hg. Thus, labetalol is a potentially safe and effective agent in the long-term management of the patient with severe hypertension.
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PMID:Treatment of severe hypertension with labetalol compared with methyldopa and furosemide. Results of a long-term, double-blind, multicenter trial. 635 3

A randomized study was carried out in 100 patients with acute tonsillo-pharyngitis to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of treatment with 500 mg spiramycin 3-times daily for 3 days and 500 mg erythromycin 3-times daily for 5 days. Details were recorded on entry of fever, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, inflammation of the tonsils and/or pharynx, and oedema. Patients in the two groups were re-examined on Days 4 and 6, respectively. Throat swab cultures and blood determinations of haemoglobin, leucocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were made before and after treatment. The results, analyzed in the 95 patients (48 on spiramycin, 47 on erythromycin) who attended for follow-up, indicated that whilst both antibiotics were effective, only 1 patient receiving spiramycin was classified as failing to respond to treatment compared with 8 of those receiving erythromycin. Moreover, significantly fewer patients on erythromycin had complete disappearance of all the signs and symptoms at the end of the treatment period. These findings were supported by the results of the bacteriological cultures. Both treatments reduced leucocyte levels in those patients with high counts initially, but there was no apparent effect on haemoglobin or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Two patients on spiramycin complained of dry mouth. In the erythromycin group, 2 patients reported dizziness and 5 nausea.
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PMID:Spiramycin and erythromycin in the treatment of acute tonsillo-pharyngitis: a comparative study. 639 32

1 The effects of fluvoxamine to a maximum of 300 mg daily were compared with those of imipramine to a maximum of 200 mg daily, in 151 patients with primary major depression. 2 Four weeks of treatment with fluvoxamine resulted in 67.2% improvement (+/- s.d. 21.6) on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (26 items). Treatment with imipramine showed 62.1% improvement (+/- s.d. 29.5) on this scale. 3 Fluvoxamine had no untoward effects on the cardiovascular system, while imipramine produced systematic increases in the postural fall in blood pressure. Dry mouth, nausea, daytime somnolence and tremor were seen with fluvoxamine treatment, while imipramine was associated with dry mouth, daytime somnolence, dizziness and tremor. 4 We conclude that fluvoxamine seems to have the same general antidepressant efficacy as imipramine. It was not associated with any safety problems and was generally well tolerated.
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PMID:A double-blind controlled clinical trial comparing fluvoxamine with imipramine. 640 1

Outpatients with endogenous depression diagnosed according to the research diagnostic criteria of Feighner et al. were randomly referred to treatment with zimelidine (100 mg b.i.d., group Z) or maprotiline (75 mg b.i.d., group M). Patients who did not respond to treatment by days 28 were crossed over to the other drug. This preliminary report comprises results up to day 28 and includes antidepressive effect as rated by CPRS and globally, side effects, clinical chemistry and ECG. Ratings were double-blind at days 0, 7, 14 and 28, and a washout period of 4--7 days preceeded the trial. Group Z includes 27 and group M 28 patients with equal distribution of sex, age, duration of present episode, initial severity, etiology and previous course. There were 11 dropouts in group M and 5 in group Z due to side effects or treatment failure. On the other hand, 8 patients in group Z had to cross over to the other drug versus 2 in group M. According to the total CPRS score and the global score the antidepressive effect was somewhat better in group Z at 2 weeks but similar at 1 and 4 weeks. Group Z is less sedative but still seems to have a better anti-anxiety effect. Side effects were on a low level. There was a greater number of patients in group Z who complained of nausea, vomiting, loose stools, sleep disorder and sweating, and in group M dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness and accomodation difficulties. Chemical analyses and ECG showed slight and inconsistent changes.
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PMID:Zimelidine vs maprotiline in depressed outpatients. A preliminary report. 645 93

The author has used scopolamine-TTS, a fundamentally new therapeutic system, exclusively as anti-emetic premedication in 100 patients undergoing surgery with anaesthesia. Application is simple and non-invasive. The results are encouraging: in the first 12 hours after operation the antiemetic therapy had to be extended with i.V.-domperidone because of insufficient effect in only 9% of the patients. 24 hours later still 8% of the patients had slight nausea without vomiting. Slight side effects (delayed waking, accommodation disturbances, dry mouth) occurred in 3 to 30% of the patients. The transdermal therapeutic system opens basically new pharmacological and clinical perspectives.
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PMID:[Transdermal scopolamine for postoperative vomiting: a new form of premedication?]. 666 Apr 42

A total of 70 patients presenting with suspected acute trazodone poisoning were notified to the Poisons Unit (National Poisons Information Service for England) from August 1980 until March 1983. Detailed follow-up information was obtained on 41 patients, 22 of whom were thought to have ingested trazodone alone. In these latter patients drowsiness (11), ataxia (5), nausea/vomiting (4) and dry mouth (2) were the manifestations of toxicity reported most frequently, only 2 patients became unconscious (grade 2 or 3 coma), and all recovered uneventfully with no more than minimal supportive therapy. The presence of trazodone was confirmed in 8 out of 9 patients from whom specimens (blood and urine) were received. The highest plasma trazodone concentrations (15 and 19 mg/l, respectively) were both associated with only drowsiness and ataxia. However, in 2 further patients moderate plasma trazodone concentrations (4.2 and 8.2 mg/l, respectively) were associated with deep (grade 3-4) coma, although 1 of these latter patients had also ingested ethanol (plasma concentration 3.0 g/l). Although acute trazodone poisoning does not appear to be associated with cardiac arrhythmias or convulsions, these results emphasise that drowsiness and ataxia are commonly encountered, while coma may occur in severe cases. The possible contribution of metabolites of trazodone to toxicity and the potentiating effect of co-ingested drugs or alcohol must be remembered.
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PMID:Acute trazodone poisoning: clinical signs and plasma concentrations. 671 57

In a small preliminary clinical trial of guanabenz in 16 hypertensives also under treatment with diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride), blood pressure was safely and completely controlled in 10 (64%), the criterion for "control" being a reduction to the strict level specified by the Society of Actuaries (130/85 m lambda Hg). The dosage of guanabenz was adjusted upward from 16 mg/day until blood pressure normalized or side effects intervened. The 16 patients accumulated 97 months of guanabenz treatment. The 6 unsuccessful cases included only 2 outright therapeutic failures; the other 4 patients discontinued treatment for various reasons: dry mouth and nausea (with good blood pressure reduction); aggravation of existing depression; or generalized urticaria. The fourth patient discontinued for reasons unknown.
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PMID:Preliminary clinical trial with a new hypotensive, guanabenz, in a group of hypertensive patients. 697 Apr 85

A twin crossover assay of oral zomepirac and intramuscular morphine was completed in 159 cancer patients with postoperative pain. Zomepirac was a surprisingly effective oral analgesic in these patients, 100 mg orally being roughly equivalent to 16 mg intramuscular morphine. Time-effect data indicate that the peak effect for oral zomepirac may occur slightly later than that for morphine but that zomepirac is relatively rapidly effective after oral administration. Side effect occurrence was roughly in the same range for both drugs, with drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth, and feelings of weakness being observed after both drugs while sweating was observed more frequently after zomepirac. The assay further provided a demonstration of the effectiveness of the twin crossover design as a clinical assay method, providing increased sensitivity of crossover data in a patient population available for only a limited number of study treatments.
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PMID:Relative analgesic potency of oral zomepirac and intramuscular morphine in cancer patients with postoperative pain. 699 41


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