Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Existing international literature concerning complications stemming from the use of the IUD is reviewed. They are either immediate or delayed. Immediate complications are (partial) perforation of the uterus, vagal reaction, bleeding, and pain. Perforation should be followed up by echography or radiography. Hysteroscopy or celioscopy allows for recovery of the device. Vagal reaction, manifested by bradycardia, hypotension, pallor, sudation, nausea, even cardiac arrest, occurs with stenosis of the cervical canal predominantly in emotive and/or nulliparous women. Bleeding occurs from trauma caused by the IUD to the mucus of the endocervix and/or endometrium. Pain is an almost constant symptom that appears at the moment of insertion, more frequently in young nulliparae than multiparae, and disappears spontaneously after 5-10 minutes. Delayed complications are menometrorrhagia, often accompanied by dysmenorrhea, lost IUD, total or partial expulsion, ectopic pregnancy and pelvic infections (PID). Menometrorrhagia seems imputable more to an increase of fibrinolytic activity of the endometrium in contact with the IUD than to plasmatic alterations of the progesterone, estradiol or gonadotropin. Lost IUD generally is due to rotation caused by uterine contractions, or the thread being cut off too close to the mouth of the external uterus. Fracture of the IUD as well as migration toward the fallopian tubes are very rare. The FDA reports, in 1979, that ectopic pregnancy is verified more frequently in women carrying the device medicated with progesterone. PID are 10 times more frequent in young women having used the IUD for at least 2 years. A significant increase in PID is also reported for women who use the device for more than 5 years.
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PMID:[Side effects and complications of intrauterine devices with special reference to pelvic infection]. 380 30

Vasovagal syncope can occur in any individual, given sufficient provocation, and probably half the population suffers at least one episode during life. Often it occurs in youth and may occur in clusters. Usually there is a history of a previous episode. Prodromal symptoms include nausea sweatiness and a sensation of warmth. Diagnosis is by careful history and tilt testing. The false positive rate for passive tilt is 13% and the true positive rate is about 70% including use of nitroglycerine. A classical history and a positive tilt test obviate the need for further investigation in clinical practice, but in the context of aviation, it is wise to seek the small possibility of intermittent rhythm and/or conduction disturbance as an alternative explanation for the episode. It is, therefore, reasonable to carry out a Holter recording and exercise electrocardiogram, perhaps also echocardiography. No treatment is of much benefit, although many agents, including beta blocking drugs, have been used. Some patients have undergone permanent dual chamber pacing with some favourable results. Explanation and reassurance is important. From the licensing point of view, following investigation after an attack, consideration may be given to restricted certification with regular follow-up. Review with investigation after an event free interval, arbitrarily after 2 years, may permit full certification. Malignant vasovagal syncope with no warning of impending attack should disbar.
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PMID:Vasovagal syncope: prevalence and presentation. An algorithm of management in the aviation environment. 1154 89

Apomorphine SL (Ixense, Uprima) is a new oral medication shown to be effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This compound is a dopaminergic agonist with affinity for dopamine receptor sites - mostly D(2) - within the brain known to be involved in sexual function. Apomorphine induces selective activation in the nucleus paraventricularis leading to erectogenic signals. More than 5,000 men with erectile dysfunction participated in phase II/III clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of doses ranging from 2 to 6 mg. The most favorable risk/benefit ratio is seen with a dose-optimization regimen of 2-3 mg: the 3-mg dose provides efficacy comparable to that of 4 mg but with fewer side effects. Consequently, review of clinical studies focuses on data with the 2- to 3-mg dose, the registered dose for use in clinical practice. The primary efficacy endpoint in most clinical trials with apomorphine SL was the percentage of attempts resulting in erections firm enough for intercourse - one of the most rigorous endpoints used in ED trials to date. These data were collected from both patients and their partners by reviewing entries in patient diaries and partner BSFI questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included percentage of attempts resulting in intercourse and improvement in ED severity based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). The proportion of attempts resulting in erections firm enough for intercourse was 49.4% with 3 mg compared with the baseline value of 24.3%. Partner evaluations corresponded with those of the patients. Erections occurred between 18 and 19 min after taking apomorphine SL 2 or 3 mg. The most common side effect was nausea which declined with continued use. Vasovagal syncope was reported in <0.2% of men, and was preceded by clear prodromal symptoms. Thus, apomorphine SL is an effective, well-tolerated drug for erectile dysfunction.
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PMID:Oral treatment of erectile dysfunction with apomorphine SL. 1174 Nov 26

Vasovagal syncope usually occurs during upright posture, but Jardine et al. have described a variant that occurs at night. During "sleep syncope" patients are awakened from sleep with nausea, abdominal cramping, or a sense of impending diarrhea; get up; and faint in the bathroom. We report on a patient with recurrent sleep syncope (with physical injury) in whom an asystolic pause was documented during one of her "sleep syncope" spells. Implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker (5-year follow-up) "cured" her of further syncope. This is a report of pacemaker use for this unusual form of reflex syncope.
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PMID:Sleep syncope: treatment with a permanent pacemaker. 2243 38