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 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied clinical effects and safety of ceftibuten (7432-S, CETB), a new oral cephem antibiotic, against chronic complicated urinary tract infections in 9 cases and bacterial prostatitis in 10 cases. CETB was administered at a daily dose of 400-600 mg divided into twice or 3 times for a duration of 1-4 weeks. The overall clinical effect was 83.3% according to the criteria of UTI Committees (excellent: 4 cases, moderate: 1, poor: 1) in evaluated 6 cases, and the efficacy rate was 77.8% in the bacterial prostatitis cases according to physicians' evaluation (good: 7 cases, fair: 2, unknown: 1). There was 1 case of nausea, vomiting and lightly diarrhea on the third day after treatment but those tendencies all disappeared after stopping administration. So, we concluded that CETB was a useful agent for chronic complicated UTI and bacterial prostatitis with a daily dose level of 400-600 mg except in severe cases.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of ceftibuten in the field of urology]. 236 57

Norfloxacin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial analog of nalidixic acid, was evaluated by comparing it to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 93 office patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. In this prospective randomized study, norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were given on the same dosage schedule with the former drug given as a 400-mg tablet twice daily and the latter drug given as a double strength tablet twice daily. Overall, 50 patients received norfloxacin and 43 patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with a cure rate of 96 percent and 79 percent, respectively. Whether a patient had one infection or multiple previous infections, norfloxacin appeared to be superior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Only minor side effects were noted in either group, and no patient withdrew from this study as a direct result of these side effects. Minor complaints of nausea, dizziness, and headache were found in the norfloxacin group (24%) and in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group (16%). Both agents are effective in treating urinary tract infections but norfloxacin is superior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with either recurrent complicated infections or one previous uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection with norfloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 240 23

This is a retrospective study of the outcome of surgical procedures in patients who were Jehovah's Witnesses. Over a 75-month period, 58 Jehovah's Witness patients had 78 surgical procedures at the Vancouver General Hospital. Three patients had preexisting anaemia of less than 100 g.L-1 haemoglobin. Postoperative haemoglobin concentration decreased below 50 g.L-1 in three patients. One patient had a postoperative haemoglobin of 34 g.L-1 (haematocrit 10.1 per cent) and survived. One patient died from uncontrollable postoperative haemorrhage. Perioperative morbidity was not uncommon, including significant hypotension (eight cases), cardiac arrhythmias (six), myocardial ischaemia (three), excessive bleeding (four), postoperative nausea or syncope (four), and wound or urinary tract infection (four).
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PMID:Surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses. 232 84

Studies of ofloxacin pharmacokinetics and pathogen susceptibilities suggested that this new fluoroquinolone might be particularly well suited to the treatment of urinary tract infections and prostatitis. Compared with carbenicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in separate studies of complicated urinary tract infection, ofloxacin achieved a significantly higher rate (p = 0.048) of microbiologic cures and more clinical cures than carbenicillin, while essentially matching the efficacy of the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole combination. Most common organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the first study and Escherichia coli in the second. In preliminary data from the prostatitis study comparing ofloxacin 300 mg given twice daily with carbenicillin 764 mg given every six hours, microbiologic cure rates were 100 percent with both medications. However, clinical cure rates were significantly higher (p = 0.048) with ofloxacin. Throughout these trials, ofloxacin has shown excellent safety and tolerability, with a lower incidence of nausea and diarrhea than with carbenicillin, and less nausea and rash than with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In all treatment groups, clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were uncommon and unrelated to the medications. Overall, these studies indicate that in complicated urinary tract infection the efficacy of ofloxacin is comparable with that of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and superior to that of carbenicillin. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, results to date suggest that ofloxacin may be more effective clinically and as effective microbiologically as carbenicillin.
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PMID:Ofloxacin in the management of complicated urinary tract infections, including prostatitis. 269 Jun 22

This interim analysis of the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin is based on case reports of 1241 adult patients treated primarily in the USA; 1026 were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The daily dose ranged from 500 to 1500 mg, the unit dose being given every 12 h. Duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 211 days (mean 12.6 days). In 1046 cases of infection the site was the urinary tract (514), skin structures (218), respiratory tract (215), blood (43), bone (27), abdomen (13), gastrointestinal tract (13) and pelvis (3). Organisms responsible for infection were Escherichia coli (282), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (238), Staphylococcus spp. (149), Streptococcus spp. (107), Klebsiella spp. (105), Proteus spp. (97), Haemophilus spp. (71), Enterobacter spp. (58), Salmonella spp. (44), Citrobacter spp. (27), and Serratia spp. (22). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 84% of all cases; 12.6% improved and 3.4% failed to improve. Pathogens were eradicated in 91% of urinary tract infections and in 87% of all other cases of infection combined; superinfections occurred in 5.3% of all patients. At the four-week follow-up 83% of patients with urinary tract infection still had sterile urine. Adverse reactions during therapy were considered probably or possibly drug-related in 166 patients. Nausea (37), diarrhea (25), vomiting (15), nervousness (28), and rash (9) were the most frequent; in only 2% of cases was it necessary to discontinue the drug. Results of ophthalmologic studies were generally unremarkable. Occasional elevations of SGOT and SGPT, and rare elevations of NPN related to ciprofloxacin therapy were seen.
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PMID:Clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in the USA. 294 Dec 86

In clinical trials co-ordinated in Italy by Glaxo S.p.A. from May 1984 to February 1988, 553 patients aged over 65 years (376 men and 177 women), suffering from different infectious diseases (mostly LRTI and UTI), were treated with ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum quinolone. Of the patients studied, 75% presented one or more concurrent diseases and 72.3% were receiving one or more concurrent therapies. Daily dose of the drug varied, in most cases, between 400 and 800 mg in two oral administrations. In all, 21 adverse events were recorded in 19 patients (3.44%): 13 gastrointestinal events (gastric pain, nausea, vomiting), 3 cutaneous events and 5 others. The severity of the events was judged as mild in 56.3% of the cases and moderate in 43.7%. The treatment was stopped because of adverse events in three patients (0.54%). Abnormal laboratory parameters, probably related to the drug, were observed in four patients. In conclusion, ofloxacin appears to be a very safe drug in the treatment of bacterial infections in elderly patients.
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PMID:Safety profile of ofloxacin in elderly patients. 306 74

Enoxacin (ENX) was administered to 69 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). Clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated by the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee, Japan. The overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 60.9%, moderate in 10.1% and poor in 29% of the patients. Of the 76 strains isolated from the patients 61 strains (80.3%) were eradicated. Subjective side effect was observed in one patient who complained of slight nausea. No drug-related aggravation in the laboratory test was observed. These results showed that ENX was effective and safety for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of enoxacin complicated urinary tract infection]. 307 Nov 31

The records of 47 patients with a perinephric abscess diagnosed from 1975 to 1986 at 8 San Francisco Bay Area hospitals were reviewed. The mean age was 51 years. Fifty-five percent were females and 45%, males. The left kidney was affected in 47% of cases, the right kidney in 40%, both in 4%, and a transplanted pelvic kidney in 9%. Fever (55%), chills or diaphoresis (47%), flank pain (40%), abdominal pain (40%), and nausea or vomiting (32%) were the most common presenting symptoms. About half the patients had symptoms for 1 week or less and 12% had no symptoms. Fever was documented before diagnosis in 88% of patients. Abdominal mass (13%) or tenderness (49%), and flank mass (9%) or tenderness (42%) were seen less frequently, and 11% of patients did not have fever, flank, or abdominal findings. The most frequent underlying conditions included previous urologic surgery (45%), previous urinary tract infection (38%), diabetes mellitus (36%), and urinary tract stones (36%). Cultures of perinephric abscesses yielded gram-negative aerobes in 52% of patients, primarily Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 26% of patients and anaerobes in 17%. A single pathogen was isolated in 71% and multiple isolates in 29%. Of interest and great potential therapeutic importance was culture of anaerobes, primarily Bacteroides spp. in 17%, Enterococcus spp. in 7%, and Candida albicans in 7%. Positive blood and urine cultures identified perinephric abscess organisms exactly in 58% and 37% of cases, respectively. Routine laboratory tests such as the white blood cell count and urinalysis were insensitive and non-specific for perinephric abscess. Leukocytosis and anemia at admission were seen in slightly more than half of the patients. For radiologic diagnosis, computerized tomographic scanning was most helpful. Ultrasound and intravenous pyelography were falsely negative in about one-third of cases. Mortality (13%) was low in this series when compared with earlier studies, and probably reflects modern medical care. Six patients (13%) died during hospitalization, 2 of whom had diagnosis of PNA established only at autopsy. Drainage of the perinephric abscess was carried out by open surgical drainage in 64% of patients, percutaneous drainage in 19%, and both in 13%. The initial procedure, whether open surgical drainage or percutaneous catheter drainage, was usually successful. Late complications included nephrocutaneous fistulas in 3 patients and disseminated candidiasis in 1 patient.
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PMID:Perinephric abscess. Modern diagnosis and treatment in 47 cases. 335 13

Ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was given to fifty patients (29 females and 21 males) aged 25 to 86 years with urinary tract infection or prostatitis. Urinary tract infections usually chronic and associated with urologic anomalies, included 17 cases of cystitis and 19 cases of pyelonephritis. 14 patients had prostatitis. Pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 E. coli, 2 Citrobacter, 4 Proteus mirabilis, 2 Klebsiella, 2 Enterobacter, 3 Serratia, 3 Staphylococcus aureus and 11 Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ofloxacin ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 microgram/ml (mean MIC: 0.6 microgram/ml) for 27 nalidixic acid-sensitive strains, and from 0.25 to 4 micrograms/ml (mean MIC: 1 microgram/ml) for 26 nalidixic acid-resistant strains. Ofloxacin was given as single drug therapy in all patients, in a daily dosage of 200 mg b.i.d. in 46 patients and 400 mg b.i.d. in 4 patients, for 7 to 97 days (average 40 days). Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was 3 to 12 months. Therapeutic results were as follows: 17 cures for the 17 cystitis patients, 17 cures and 2 failures by relapse for the 19 cases of pyelonephritis, and 11 cures, 1 failure by persistence of bacteriuria and failure by relapse for the 14 cases of prostatitis. Digestive disorders, i.e. nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, occurred in 6 patients and required withdrawal of the drug in 1; candidiasis of the tongue was recorded in one patient and digestive complaints with neuropsychic disorders in another. Two patients had short-lived, moderate leukopenia with granulopenia and one had transient worsening of preexisting renal failure. Hepatic tolerance was good.
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PMID:[Ofloxacin (RU 43280): clinical evaluation in urinary and prostatic infections]. 353 29

Five hundred and twenty-eight patients with presumptive acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) were randomly assigned to receive cefixime 400 mg once daily, cefixime 200 mg twice daily or co-trimoxazole 2 tablets twice a day for 10 days; 477 completed at least 5 days of therapy. Of the patients 342 (65%) had positive baseline urine cultures, yielding 353 pathogens. A microbiological response was determined for 280 pathogens (79%), eradication being observed in over 94% of isolates; 153 pathogens (43%) were sensitive to both cefixime and co-trimoxazole and eradication was observed in over 96% of cases. Clinical response correlated well with microbiological response. The incidence of diarrhoea and stool changes was higher (P less than 0.005) in the patients who received cefixime once daily than in the other groups. There was a significantly higher incidence of stool changes with cefixime twice daily than with co-trimoxazole (P less than 0.05), but these did not necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Nausea was commoner with co-trimoxazole (P less than 0.05). The majority of pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and staphylococci. Approximately 24% of E. coli were resistant in vitro to co-trimoxazole (P less than 0.005). Cefixime 200 mg twice daily is an effective and safe alternative to co-trimoxazole in the management of acute uncomplicated UTI.
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PMID:Comparison of cefixime and co-trimoxazole in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection. A double-blind general practice study. 353 27


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