Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fourteen patients with sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related immune thrombocytopenia were treated with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG). The patients were treated with a uniform program consisting of 1 g/kg of IVIG on day 1 and day 2, followed by 1 g/kg on day 15. Most patients had pretreatment bleeding symptoms, which included petechiae, spontaneous and traumatic ecchymoses, gum bleeding, and epistaxis. Median baseline platelet count was 17,000/mm3 (range 3-61,000/mm3). After the infusion of the IGIV, all patients had a resolution of their bleeding by day 8. The median maximum platelet count achieved with the IGIV was 220,000/mm3 (range 76-426,000/mm3). No patient achieved either a sustained complete or partial remission after the conclusion of the IVIG therapy. Toxicities were minimal with the majority being headache and nausea. In conclusion, patients with sexually transmitted HIV infection and immune thrombocytopenia respond favorably to IVIG. This treatment should be considered as first-line therapy for patients with HIV-related immune thrombocytopenia who require immediate but temporary increase in their platelet count, attributable to symptoms or signs of clinical bleeding or because of the need for an invasive procedure.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related thrombocytopenia. 174 33

A 31-year-old secundipara with eclampsia developed the HELLP syndrome after delivery. Clinically, along with very high blood pressure values (29.3/17.3 kPa) and eclamptic attacks, an intense pain in the upper abdomen and nausea were dominant. The patient also had severe thrombocytopenia (18 x 10(9)/L), hemolysis, and increased liver enzymes (SGOT up to 220 U/L and SGPT up to 100 U/L). An intensive therapy, including--together with usual interventions in serious EPH gestoses--also plasmapheresis, antithrombin III substitution, freshly frozen plasma, and transfusion of blood and thrombocytes, proved successful in achieving the normalization of the blood pressure, blood count and liver enzymes, as well as a clinical improvement, so that 18 days after delivery it was possible for the patient to go home, provided with necessary instructions.
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PMID:[The HELLP syndrome--a case report]. 174 83

Forty-nine patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) were treated with 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy prior to definitive local treatment (surgery and/or radiation therapy). Chemotherapy consisted of carboplatin 300 mg/m2 on day 1, fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 daily as a continuous infusion on days 1 to 5 and high-dose methotrexate 1.2 g/m2 with leucovorin rescue on day 14. After completing the induction chemotherapy, 9 patients (18%) achieved a complete remission (CR), 26 (54%) a partial remission (PR), 7 had stable disease and 7 a progression. The response rates increased to 53% CR and 18% PR following locoregional treatment. Survival at 12 months was 61% and its actuarial probability at 24 months 31%. Median time to progression was 14 months. Toxicity from chemotherapy was generally mild. Nausea was observed in 35%, vomiting in 26%, stomatitis in 57%, anemia in 22%, leukopenia in 36%, thrombocytopenia in 26% and diarrhea in 6% of the patients. In conclusion, the combination of carboplatin, 5-day continuous-infusion fluorouracil and mid-cycle high-dose methotrexate is a moderately effective, well tolerated regimen in patients with SCCHN but does not seem superior to the combination of carboplatin and fluorouracil only.
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PMID:Carboplatin, continuous infusion fluorouracil and mid-cycle high-dose methotrexate as initial treatment in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group Study. 178 Oct 38

We carried out combined M-VAC therapy in 12 patients with invasive bladder cancer without metastatic foci, and studied mainly the pathohistological findings and side effects before and after chemotherapy. There were 9 male cases and 3 female cases who were between 53 and 76 years old, and 66 years old on the average. After admission, 1 or 2 courses of M-VAC therapy were performed after confirmation of the pathological tissues by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT), and then total cystectomy (in 6 cases) or TUR-BT (in 6 cases) was conducted after 15 days on the average. According to the combined M-VAC therapy, down-stage was noted in 6 cases (50%) and down-grade in 6 cases (50%). Side effects such as anorexia, nausea and leukopenia were noted in all cases, and depilation, vomiting and thrombopenia were frequently noted. However, all these cases were transient without any serious trouble. The usefulness of the combined M-VAC therapy in invasive bladder cancer was proven, and the possibility of elevating the therapeutic response by surgery with lesser invasion was suggested.
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PMID:[Study of the combined M-VAC therapy in invasive bladder cancer]. 178 88

Thirty-seven HIV-infected homosexual men with thrombocytopenia (less than 100 x 10(9)/l) received protein A immunoadsorption treatments to remove platelet-sensitizing immunoglobulin (Ig) G and circulating immune complexes (CIC) from plasma. Patients received an average of six treatments each, consisting of 250 ml plasma over a 3-week period. Clinical improvement in hemorrhagic symptoms associated with substantial increase in platelet counts was achieved in 18 patients. These responses were maintained over a median follow-up period of more than 7 months in 14 evaluable patients who were not lost to follow-up (three patients relapsed in 2 weeks and one received another therapy). Generally, moderate transient treatment-related side-effects included fever, musculoskeletal pain, chills and nausea. A transient serum sickness-like reaction was observed in seven patients, leading to termination of treatment in two. Clinical responses were associated with significant decreases in levels of platelet-sensitizing Ig, including CIC. Stimulation of broadly cross-reactive anti-antigen-binding fragment [F(ab)2], antibodies contributed to these responses. Protein A immunoadsorption is an effective alternative treatment for HIV-associated thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Use of protein A immunoadsorption as a treatment for thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected homosexual men: a retrospective evaluation of 37 cases. 178 53

Based on our previous Phase I study indicating good tolerability of the drug, we have evaluated therapeutic activity and acute and subacute toxicities associated with repeated courses of the new anthracycline 4'-iodo-4'-deoxydoxorubicin (I-Dox) at the maximum tolerated dose (80 mg/m2) every three weeks. Thirty-three patients (31 evaluated for activity and 32 for toxicity) with relapsed (11 cases) or advanced breast cancer at presentation (22 cases) were treated with 108 cycles (median 3, range 1-7) for a median cumulative dose of 240 mg/m2. We observed no complete and 11 (35%) partial responses. Minor response was documented in 5 additional patients. The most frequent and severe toxicity was hematological. In 47% of the cycles and 34% of the patients I-Dox administration was associated with WHO grade 4 neutropenia. Severe neutropenia was more frequent after repeated cycles. Similar cumulative toxicity was observed for thrombocytopenia and anemia. In three patients (7 cycles) fever and possible infection occurred during neutropenia and required oral antibiotics. Extra-hematological side-effects were limited to mild/moderate nausea lasting for a few hours and mild fatigue lasting 1-7 days. Alopecia or oral mucositis were minimal or absent in the majority of patients. One case of potential reversible cardiac toxicity was observed after 240 mg/m2 I-Dox in a patient with preexistent cardiac risk factors. In view of the reported activity, good general tolerability, and selective hematological toxicity, I-Dox should be evaluated at higher than the conventionally defined maximum tolerated dose in combination with recombinant human hemopoietic growth factors.
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PMID:Activity and toxicity of 4'-iodo-4'-deoxydoxorubicin in patients with advanced breast cancer. 180 78

Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven metastatic or invasive, unresectable pheochromocytomas, which were shown to concentrate and retain tracer doses of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), were treated with therapeutic quantities of this radiopharmaceutical. Between one and six doses ranging from 97 to 301 mCi (cumulative dose 111-916 mCi) were administered. Partial response in tumor size was achieved in 8/28 patients and partial biochemical responses in 12/28 patients. No pharmacological toxicity was observed. Mild radiation sickness (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) occurred in 21/28. Minor degrees of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 3/28. There were three cases of hypothyroidism but no significant hepatic, renal, adrenocortical or autonomic nervous dysfunction. We conclude that therapeutic 131I-MIBG can achieve significant therapeutic responses in some cases of malignant pheochromocytoma without pharmacological toxicity and only mild radiotoxicity.
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PMID:Radiopharmaceutical therapy of malignant pheochromocytoma with [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine: results from ten years of experience. 182 34

We conducted a phase I study of CI-898 (trimetrexate), a new diaminoquinazoline antifolate in 22 patients with solid cancer in a multicenter collaborative study. The dosage schedule was single-dose intravenous administration (single treatment), followed by one or two courses of 5-day intravenous administration (5-day treatment) at 3-week intervals. Starting at 2 mg/m2 (1 n), the dose was increased up to 15 mg/m2 (7.5 n) for single treatment and 12 mg/m2 (6 n) for 5-day treatment. Evaluable cases numbered 18 for single treatment and 17 for 5-day treatment. In single treatment, the highest dose of 15 mg/m2 caused no serious side effect and did not reach the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In 5-day treatment, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were found dose dependently, the dose-limiting factor was bone marrow depression, and MTD was 10 mg/m2/day. The leukocyte and platelet counts reached the nadir in 1-3 weeks after initiation of 5-day treatment. The recovery from the nadir required about one week. Subjective side effects included mucitis (mouth, anus), malaise and gastro-intestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia, diarrhea). None of alopecia, cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were found. In the present phase I study, a tendency of tumor reduction was found in one case each of breast cancer (adenoma) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). The plasma concentration of the unchanged compound after single treatment showed a biphasic elimination pattern (t1/2 alpha 0.8-1.4 hr, t1/2 beta 9.4-13.0hr). The urinary excretion of the unchanged compound was 14.7-23.5% of the administered dose. In 5-day treatment, no accumulation was found. From the results of the present study, the recommended dosage of CI-898 in the early phase II study was considered to be 8 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days (every 3-4 weeks).
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PMID:[Phase I study of CI-898. CI-898 Study Group]. 183 40

Amonafide (benzisoquinolinedione, nafidimide, NSC 308847) is an anticancer agent that functions as a DNA intercalator. Sixteen patients with stage III or IV non-small-cell lung cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were given amonafide at an initial dose of 300 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 5 days every 21 days. No major objective responses were observed among the 14 patients adequately treated (95% confidence limits 0-20%). Local reactions at the injection site or phlebitis were seen in 14 of the 16 patients. Leukopenia (44%), nausea or vomiting (38%), and thrombocytopenia and rash (each 25%) were also noted. With the low response rate and the toxicity observed, amonafide at this dosage and schedule has limited use in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II trial of amonafide in patients with stage III and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. 185 87

Fifty-two women with advanced breast cancer were treated with 6 cycles of epirubicin. Even though the study was started with a dose schedule of 110 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, the average treatment interval was 26 days and the median weekly dose 78% of the protocol requirement. Forty-eight patients were evaluable for response; 3 achieved a complete remission which lasted for 17, 24 and 65 weeks, respectively, and 14 a partial remission. Median survival was 32 weeks. Toxicity included nausea/vomiting (68%), anemia (24%), leukopenia (37%), thrombocytopenia (8%), alopecia (81%), stomatitis (24%), diarrhea (14%), fever (19%) and fatigue (14%). Also 1 treatment-related death occurred and 2 cases of arrhythmia. Monotherapy with high doses of epirubicin has definite activity in advanced breast cancer and deserves further study in combination with hematopoietic growth factors which might allow a higher dose intensity.
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PMID:High-dose epirubicin as a single agent in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study. 186 51


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