Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five patients with persistent or progressive pulmonary shadowing due to sarcoidosis were treated with 150 mg levamisole daily and one patient with 150 mg twice weekly. Only the latter patient completed a 12-week course without unwanted side-effects. One of the remaining five patients on full dose completed the course but all experienced symptoms (nausea, malaise, influenza-like syndrome or arthralgia and skin rash) severe enough to cause five to stop the drug. Haematology and biochemistry, however, remained normal, with the exception of transient rise in transaminases in one patient. Radiology, pulmonary function and numbers of circulating T-lymphocytes (E-rosettes) were unchanged, but three patients developed increased intensity of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin tests using PPD, Candida and Trichophyton antigens; two of these patients also developed increased in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by mitogen and PPD antigen and the other developed a 'serum sickness' syndrome with evidence of circulating immune complexes.
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PMID:The treatment of sarcoidosis by levamisole. 55 68

Thirty-seven HIV-infected homosexual men with thrombocytopenia (less than 100 x 10(9)/l) received protein A immunoadsorption treatments to remove platelet-sensitizing immunoglobulin (Ig) G and circulating immune complexes (CIC) from plasma. Patients received an average of six treatments each, consisting of 250 ml plasma over a 3-week period. Clinical improvement in hemorrhagic symptoms associated with substantial increase in platelet counts was achieved in 18 patients. These responses were maintained over a median follow-up period of more than 7 months in 14 evaluable patients who were not lost to follow-up (three patients relapsed in 2 weeks and one received another therapy). Generally, moderate transient treatment-related side-effects included fever, musculoskeletal pain, chills and nausea. A transient serum sickness-like reaction was observed in seven patients, leading to termination of treatment in two. Clinical responses were associated with significant decreases in levels of platelet-sensitizing Ig, including CIC. Stimulation of broadly cross-reactive anti-antigen-binding fragment [F(ab)2], antibodies contributed to these responses. Protein A immunoadsorption is an effective alternative treatment for HIV-associated thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Use of protein A immunoadsorption as a treatment for thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected homosexual men: a retrospective evaluation of 37 cases. 178 53

Seventeen patients with refractory malignant tumors were treated with recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) administered by weekly bolus intravenous (IV) injection in a phase I dose escalation trial. Patients received 10,000 to 1,000,000 U/m2 per injection over a course of 3 to 33 weeks. Toxicity was dose related and consisted primarily of fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. Hypotension was observed at doses of 500,000 U/m2 or higher and in one instance was sufficiently severe to require pressors. No tumor regression was seen and all patients eventually developed progressive disease. Blood levels of cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, and growth hormone as well as the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) increased after the administration of IL-2 in most patients. Serum IL-2 levels in excess of 250 U/mL were detected five minutes after an IV injection of 1,000,000 U/m2, after which the levels declined with a half-life of approximately 25 minutes. No alteration in lymphocyte surface phenotype or enhancement in natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against natural killer (NK)-sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines was observed when these parameters were measured weekly just before the IL-2 injections. However, a dramatic but transient decline in circulating lymphocytes and NK activity was noted within hours of receiving IL-2. This effect was independent of fever and was not abrogated by pretreatment with ibuprofen or metyrapone. The majority of patients developed serum IgG antibodies of IL-2 detectable with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a nitrocellulose dot blot assay. The development of anti-IL-2 antibodies was not associated with symptoms suggestive of serum sickness, reductions in serum complement levels, or deterioration in lymphocyte tumoricidal activity. This investigation provides insight into the in vivo actions of this potent biological response modifier and will assist in the design of future studies with IL-2 administered alone or in conjunction with other treatment modalities.
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PMID:Phase I evaluation of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with advanced malignant disease. 348 80

The antigen reactive with murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) KS1/4 is expressed on epithelial malignancies and some normal epithelial tissues. Studies were undertaken to evaluate KS1/4-methotrexate (KS1/4-MTX) immunoconjugate in patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Eleven patients in two different groups received KS1/4-MTX in two different escalating dose infusion schedules with a maximal tolerated dose of 1,750 mg/M2 and a cumulative dose of MTX of 40 mg/M2. Toxicities were similar in both groups and included fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, guaiac positive stool, and hypoalbuminemia. Two patients had an associated aseptic meningitis. One patient had a 50% decrease in two lung nodules without a change in lymphangitic infiltrates. This patient received a second course of treatment and developed an immune complex-mediated arthritis and serum sickness. Four patients mounted a human antimouse antibody response. Post-treatment tumor biopsies documented binding of MAb KS1/4. These studies document the feasibility and potential usefulness of a MAb directed against tumor-associated antigens with the targeting of chemotherapeutic drugs in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody KS1/4-methotrexate immunoconjugate studies in non-small cell lung carcinoma. 792 45

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic effective against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is highly active in the pilosebaceous complex, due to its great lipophilicity, and therefore it has been used in the treatment of moderate to severe papulo-pustular acne for a long time. It has an optimal therapeutic range and the percentage of P. acnes resistant strains are still inferior to 5%. Besides the antimicrobial activity, minocycline has an anti-inflammatory action, due to the reduction in neutrophilic chemotaxis, the inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the reduction in sebum free fatty acids and bacterial lipases. In 2006 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new extended-release formulation of minocycline. This formulation allowed the reduction of some dose-related adverse events, such as those affecting the vestibular system. Besides the dose-related events (nausea, vomiting, and dizziness), minocycline is also known to induce hyperpigmentation, even if less frequently than doxycycline, and is rarely responsible for autoimmune disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and serum sickness-like reactions. The latest guidelines in the treatment of acne recommend a dose of 50-100 mg, once or twice a daily for the non-modified release minocycline, and 1 mg/kg daily for the new extended-release formulation. This agent is most appropriately used in combination with a topical regimen containing benzoyl peroxide and/or retinoid.
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PMID:Minocycline in the treatment of acne: latest findings. 2046 Oct 50

Serum sickness is a delayed immune reaction in which the immune system responds to a protein in antiserum as a potentially harmful substance and mounts an IgG-mediated antibody response. A 32 year-old female patient had systemic envenoming following a bite by a red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus). She was treated with Tiger snake antivenom and recovered over 24 h and did not develop myotoxicity. She then presented with local pain, itching and swelling, which was partially treated with antihistamines. Eleven days after the bite she presented again with symptoms of worsening serum sickness including rash on the upper legs, joint and muscle pain in arms, ankles and knees, and nausea. The patient was prescribed five days of prednisone 50 mg/day, antihistamine 10 mg/day and analgesia 1000 mg/day and improved over 2 days. She had no further problems on follow up at 4 months. This case highlights that serum sickness can cause significant effects after the treatment of snake envenoming. It develops 5-14 days after antivenom administration and has characteristic clinical and laboratory features. Severe cases of serum sickness can result in morbidity but it appears to respond well to corticosteroid treatment.
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PMID:Clinical features of serum sickness after Australian snake antivenom. 2652 57