Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) was administered to 46 children with various solid tumors which were resistant to conventional therapy. Two or more courses of NSC-45388 were administered to 13 of 18 children with neuroblastoma, seven of 11 children with rhabdomyosarcoma, three of four children with Wilms' tumor, one of three children with Ewing's tumor, and six of ten children with miscellaneous neoplastic disorders. Major toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, decreased hemoglobin level, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. A therapeutic regimen of 200-450 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days can be administered safely every 22 days. Objective responses were observed in three children with neuroblastoma and in one child with rhabdomyosarcoma. This drug has minimal but definite activity as a single agent in children with advanced neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma and should be evaluated further in combination therapy.
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PMID:5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) in the treatment of solid tumors in children. 16 36

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms tumor, 7 out 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33 patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients) and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There was 7 drug-associated deaths due to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure (2).
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adramycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC-45388) in children with metastatic solid tumors. 95 60

Ninety-eight children with solid tumors resistant to conventional chemotherapy received adriamycin 90 mg/m2, either as a single intravenous injection or in 6 divided doses administered every 6 hours. Of the 88 evaluable children, 6 (7%) achieved a complete response and 26 (29%) achieved a partial response. Tumors which demonstrated significant response rates were: neuroblastoma (9/18), Wilms' tumor (7/13), rhabdomyosarcoma (4/11), and lymphoma (4/8). The toxicities observed with this regimen included: alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, febrile episodes, and ST-segment changes.
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PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of childhood solid tumors. A Southwest Oncology Group study. 119 48

Experience with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAC) in pediatric solid tumors is limited. Sixteen children with solid tumors resistant to conventional therapies were registered in a pilot Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) study that required the administration of HDAC at 3 g/m2 every 12 hours for four doses. There were four cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, two cases of fibrosarcoma, four cases of neuroblastoma, and one case each of germ cell tumor, Wilm's tumor, retinoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. All eligible patients had advanced diseases and had previously received extensive chemotherapy. Thirteen patients received one course of HDAC and three patients received two courses of HDAC. Due to prior treatments, patients had less than normal marrow reserves. Short-term toxicity included nausea, vomiting, suppression of hemopoiesis, drug fever, and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and liver enzymes. All evaluable patients recovered from their toxicities. There were no drug-related deaths. None of the patients had neurologic problems, including the only patient with prior irradiation to the skull. With the above schedule, HDAC appears to have manageable toxicity.
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PMID:Toxicity of high-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of advanced childhood tumors resistant to conventional therapy. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. 222 60

We treated 14 patients with high grade sarcomas by angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy. The chemotherapy protocol described by Rosen was selected according to histological classification of sarcomas (small cell sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma). The level of angiotensin-induced hypertension was one and half times as high as blood pressure at rest. Induced hypertension was maintained for 30-60 minutes. In three cases of 5 primary osteosarcomas, induced hypertension resulted in the increase of tumor stain and/or vascularity angiographically, and chemotherapeutic effects were CR or PR. The six cases with soft-tissue sarcomas were 2 cases each of CR, PR, and NC. The decrease of relative tumor blood flow under the condition of angiotensin II-induced hypertension was detected in 5 cases of 6 soft-tissue sarcomas by 133Xe clearance method. In the case of rhabdomyosarcoma, the decrease of tumor stain and vascularity by induced hypertension was observed on angiogram. As the side effects accompanying induced hypertension, nausea and chest oppression were noted in 2 cases, respectively. In this study it was suggested that angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy was effective for osteosarcoma, but that it might be ineffective for soft-tissue sarcomas.
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PMID:[Angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas]. 254 22

A phase II study of VP-16, a semisynthetic Podophyllotoxin, was performed in patients with solid tumors. VP-16 was administered orally at a dose of 200mg/day for 5 consecutive days at 3 to 4-week intervals. Out of 41 patients who were entered into the study, 35 patients comprising 17 lung cancer, 10 hepatoma and 8 other tumors were evaluable. There were 4 partial responses (23.5%) for lung cancer, 1 (10.0%) for hepatoma and 1 for rhabdomyosarcoma. Overall response rate was 18.2% for patients with prior chemotherapy and 15.4% for those given no prior chemotherapy respectively. Thus the results indicated VP-16 has no cross-resistance to other antitumor agents. Leukopenia (less than 4,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (less than 10 X 10(4)/mm3) were observed in 72.7% and 29.4% of the patients, respectively. Other toxicities were alopecia (59.5%) and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea (46.2%), vomiting (20.5%) and anorexia (20.5%), but these were all well tolerated.
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PMID:[Phase II study of VP-16 (capsule) in solid tumors. A cooperative study]. 298 32

Fifteen patients with soft-part sarcoma were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin (VACA therapy). The cumulative five-year survival rate by the Kaplan-Meier method was about 73%. This VACA therapy was effective for malignant fibrous histiocytoma and synovial sarcoma as well as rhabdomyosarcoma. Side effects such as anemia, leucocytopenia, nausea and alopecia were observed, but could be managed. VACA therapy is considered to be useful as a combination chemotherapy for patients with soft-part sarcoma.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with vincristin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin in soft-part sarcoma]. 374 64

The combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin was given to 26 children with untreated rhabdomyosarcoma to determine its efficacy as front-line chemotherapy. A treatment course consisted of 250 mg/m2 of dacarbazine given iv on Days 1-5 and 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin given iv on Day 1. After three courses of therapy, 17 patients (65%) achieved partial response and nine failed to respond. The side effects of treatment consisted of nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, neutropenia associated with fever, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia (rarely). Although the response rate is comparable to other drug combinations, the lack of complete responses to the combination indicates that it is less effective as front-line therapy.
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PMID:Combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. 402 41

Neutropenic pediatric patients with solid tumors and malignant lymphomas were treated with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rh-GM-CSF). Eleven patients, including seven lympho-reticular malignancies, two Ewing's sarcoma and one patient in each group with the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant mesenchymal tumor, entered the study. Six were females and five were males, the mean age was 10.4 yr, the range was 4 to 21 years. rh-GM-CSF was given at the dose of 5 micrograms/kg s.c. daily, starting either on the day following the last day of cytotoxic chemotherapy or when ANC < 1000/ml was determined. All patients received rh-GM-CSF for a total of seven days. Hematopoietic recovery occurred in all children except one. The response to rh-GM-CSF was achieved in a mean time of 7.4 days. Tolerance to rh-GM-CSF treatment was good. Adverse events were documented as fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, chills and itching. Sagittal sinus thrombosis developed in one patient 5 days following the completion of chemotherapy and rh-GM-CSF cycle. In conclusion, rh-GM-CSF can be applied during the intensive chemotherapy schedules of pediatric cancer patients.
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PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rh-GM-CSF) in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. 859 35

We have retrospectively reviewed the ability to safely deliver total body irradiation (TBI) in the outpatient setting in 10 pediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Patients had a median age of 14 years (range 9-17 years) with diagnoses that included ALL in second remission, AML in second remission, myelodysplastic syndrome, Ewing's sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Patients received a total of 1375 cGy or 1440 cGy given in a hyperfractionated schedule (11 or 12 fractions) over a 4-day period. All children were seen in the outpatient clinic daily during TBI and all were housed within a 20 mile radius of our institution during this period. Eight patients achieved good control of nausea and emesis with ondansetron alone while two patients required ondansetron and diphenhydramine. Nine patients received some form of intravenous hydration during this period (hyperalimentation, fluid boluses in clinic, or night-time intravenous fluids). One patient maintained good hydration with oral intake alone. Only one child required admission during this period for persistent nausea and vomiting despite antiemetics and intravenous fluids. A cost approximation suggests that TBI delivered in the outpatient setting resulted in a saving of approximately $2400 per patient. We conclude that TBI administered to children and adolescents in the outpatient setting can be a safe and cost-effective practice.
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PMID:Outpatient total body irradiation for pediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. 919 47


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