Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open controlled multicenter study the effectiveness of various dose levels of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) in patients suffering from chronic liver disease and treated over a period of 6 months is assessed. Subjective symptoms as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting and pruritus are positively influenced at all dose levels. A statistically significant fall of the transaminases SGOT, SGPT and gamma--GT however occurs only at a dosage of 6 tablets per day (3000 mg per day) of (+)-Cyanidanol-3, which cannot be demonstrated at a dose level of 3 X 1 tablet per day. Between the dosage of 2 X 3 or 3 X 2 tablets per day is no significant difference. Side effects due to therapy could not be observed.
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PMID:[A contribution as to the effect of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 in chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. 70 70

Koro, a psychogenic anxiety syndrome interfering with genital body image and sexual functioning, has hitherto been described as occurring mainly in isolated cases of South Chinese males. The present communication reports an epidemic outbreak in November 1976 in Northeastern Thailand where within a few days at least 200 patients, most of them Thai and two-thirds males, were treated at local hospitals. Main presenting symptoms were acute anxiety, in some cases leading to fainting, (subjective) shrinking of the penis and impotency in men, shrinking and/or itching of the external genitals and frigidity in women; further complaints included initial nausea and dizziness, abdominal pains, headaches, facial numbness. All patients recovered after brief symptomatic intervention. Popular opinion and news media echoed the patients' paranoid projection of viewing the epidemic as caused by Vietnamese food and tobacco poisoning in a hideous assault against the sexual vitality and general health of the Thai people, in the context of a specific socio-cultural and politico-historical situation. It appears that an adequate interpretation of Koro and of analogous hysterical symptom formation would have to go beyond the hitherto applied psychoanalytic models by considering the specific sociodynamic factors involved in the pathogenesis of such phenomena.
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PMID:[Mass-hysteria with Koro-symptoms in Thailand]. 90 91

Miconazole, a new imidazole antimycotic agent, was given intravenously to five children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis over an 18-month period. There was marked improvement of mucosa and skin in two patients, moderate-to-milk improvement in two, and no improvement in one. Nail lesions were not improved in any patient. Adverse reactions included phlebitis, pruritus, nausea and dizziness, rash, wheezing, mild transient anemia, and mild transient transaminase (SGOT and SGPT) elevations; it was necessary to discontinue treatment in only one patient. No renal toxocity was noted. Miconazole appears to be a relatively safe and promising alternative to amphotericin B in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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PMID:Miconazole in the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: a preliminary report. 90 25

In a series of 84 various evaluable disseminated cancer patients treated with hydrazine sulfate as a result of a pharmaceutical-sponsored investigational new drug (IND) study, it was found that 59/84 or 70% of the cases improved subjectively and 14/84 or 17% improved objectively. Subjective responses included increased appetite with either weight gain or cessation of weight loss, increase in strength and improved performance status and decrease in pain. Objective responses included measurable tumor regression, disappearance of or decrease in neoplastic-associated disorders and long-term (over 1 year) 'stabilized condition'. Of the overall 59 subjective improvements 25 (42%) had no concurrent or prior (within 3 months) anticancer therapy of any type. Of the 14 objective improvements 7 (50%) had no concurrent or prior anticancer therapy. Of the remaining cases in which there was either concurrent or prior anticancer therapy, improvements occurred only after the addition of hydrazine sulfate to the treatment regimen. Duration of improvement was variable, from temporary to long-term and continuing. Side effects were mild, comprising for the most part low incidences of extremity paresthesias, nausea, pruritus and drowsiness; there was no indication of bone marrow depression.
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PMID:Use of hydrazine sulfate in terminal and preterminal cancer patients: results of investigational new drug (IND) study in 84 evaluable patients. 120 24

Because evidence from uncontrolled, unblinded studies suggested fewer side effects from epidural hydromorphone than from epidural morphine, we employed a randomized, blinded study design to compare the side effects of lumbar epidural morphine and hydromorphone in 55 adult, non-obstetric patients undergoing major surgical procedures. A bolus dose of epidural study drug was given at least 1 h prior to the conclusion of surgery, followed by a continuous infusion of the same drug for two postoperative days. Infusions were titrated to patient comfort. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, VAS sedation scores, and subjective ratings of nausea and pruritus were assessed twice daily. The two treatments provided equivalent analgesia. Sedation scores and prevalence of nausea did not differ significantly between groups. Prevalence of pruritus, however, differed significantly on postoperative day 1, with moderate to severe pruritus reported by 44.4% of patients in the morphine group versus 11.5% in the hydromorphone group (P < .01). On post-operative day 2, reports of pruritus by patients receiving morphine remained higher than those among the hydromorphone-treated subjects, although this difference was no longer statistically significant (32% vs. 16.7%, P = .18). We conclude that lumbar epidural morphine and hydromorphone afford comparable analgesia, but the occurrence of moderate to severe pruritus on the first postoperative day is reduced by the use of hydromorphone.
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PMID:Morphine and hydromorphone epidural analgesia. A prospective, randomized comparison. 128 25

Combined spinal anesthesia with the use of hyperbaric solution of lignocaine at an average dose of (69.4 +/- 1.4) mg and morphine hydrochloride at a dose of 0.3 mg was used in 50 patients with II-IV degree anesthesiologic risk during one-stage appendectomy. Effective intraoperative anesthesia was achieved in (96.2 +/- 2.5) % of cases. Duration of postoperative analgesia was (26.8 +/- 1.1) h. Suppression of breathing, hyperalgesia on termination of the effect of a local anesthetic were not noted. In (50.1 +/- 1.7) % of the patients, intraoperative hypotension was revealed. After the operation, nausea was noted in (20 +/- 11.5) % of these patients, vomiting--in (6.0 +/- 2.3) %, itch at the site of puncture--in (22.0 +/- 10.4) %, shiver--in (2.0 +/- 1.4) %.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of combined spinal anesthesia]. 129 45

The efficacy and safety of two fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, lomefloxacin and ciprofloxacin, were compared in a randomized, investigator-blinded, multiple-dose study that enrolled 150 adult outpatients with complicated or recurrent urinary tract infections. A total of 75 patients were treated with 400 mg of lomefloxacin once daily for 10-14 days; an equal number of patients received 500 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 hours for 10-14 days. Both groups of patients were comparable in terms of demographics and distribution of underlying conditions. The most frequently occurring pathogens in both groups were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 142 patients met the criteria for efficacy evaluation, 72 in the lomefloxacin group and 70 in the ciprofloxacin group. Eradication of the initial pathogen (post-treatment culture of less than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) was noted in 97.2% of patients treated with lomefloxacin and in 95.7% of ciprofloxacin-treated patients. Clinical success (disappearance or amelioration of presenting signs and symptoms) occurred in 98.6% of lomefloxacin-treated patients and in 95.7% of patients treated with ciprofloxacin. The differences in outcome between the two treatment groups were not statistically significant. Both drug regimens were well tolerated. There were no clinically significant changes in clinical laboratory values during treatment. In the lomefloxacin group three patients reported nausea, one nervousness, and one pruritus; in the ciprofloxacin group, two patients reported nausea and three pruritus. Two lomefloxacin-treated patients (3%) and four patients treated with ciprofloxacin (5%) withdrew from treatment because of adverse events. A single daily dose of 400 mg lomefloxacin was comparable to 500 mg ciprofloxacin every 12 hours for the treatment of complicated or recurrent urinary tract infections.
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PMID:A comparison of the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated or recurrent urinary tract infections. 131 77

The safety and efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia used for postoperative pain relief were evaluated. Cumulative 24-hour requirements were analyzed for possible correlation with patient characteristics. All patients who used a patient-controlled analgesia device for postoperative pain relief were reviewed from June to October 1991. The device Baxter's basal/bolus infusor with patient control module, was used to deliver fentanyl in 379 patients. The fentanyl requirement, verbal analog pain score, first passage of flatus, side effects, sedative score, and degree of satisfaction were examined. The fentanyl requirement during the first 24 hours after operation was analyzed with regard to age, body weight, and sex. The daily fentanyl consumption in the first three postoperative days was 928 +/- 352 micrograms (n = 338), 553 +/- 259 micrograms (n = 220), and 490 +/- 222 micrograms (n = 71), respectively. The requirement for fentanyl during the first 24 hours after surgery was significantly higher than for the next two days (p-value < 0.001). Fentanyl consumption correlated well with body weight, and inversely with age. No difference was found between fentanyl consumption and sex (p-value = 0.4687). The mean time to the first passage of flatus in patients with abdominal surgery was 54.6 +/- 26.4 hours. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness was similar, about 20% of patients. Itching was noted in 7% of patients. Oversedation (class 4) was found in three patients during the first operative day, the sedative score for other patients were around class 1-3. No patient exhibited signs of respiratory depression or withdrawal syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The efficacy of intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain relief]. 134 40

5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) is considered an alternative to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) for photochemotherapy of psoriasis. We have compared the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 5-MOP (1.2 mg/kg)-UVA versus 8-MOP (0.6 mg/kg)-UVA therapy in 25 patients of skin type III and IV, affected by relapsing plaque-type psoriasis of similar body involvement; indeed, the same patients were given 8-MOP during 1 year and 5-MOP during the subsequent year after relapsing. Both treatments cleared psoriatic lesions with a comparable number of exposures, but 5-MOP required significantly higher cumulative UVA doses. The difference was due to the lower phototoxicity of 5-MOP, as assessed by the determination of the minimal phototoxic dose, and to its higher tanning activity, as assessed by the weekly grading of pigmentation. Nevertheless, therapy by 5-MOP-UVA seemed particularly interesting in that it showed a higher tolerability since only 1 patient experienced nausea, whereas during therapy with 8-MOP-UVA nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 7 patients, sunburn in 6 and itching in 3. Since we have treated the same patients with the two drugs, our results were not influenced by interindividual variations of phototoxic responses, tanning ability and susceptibility to develop psoralen-induced short-term side-effects. It was concluded that, although long-term side-effects of the 5-MOP-UVA treatment have still to be determined, such treatment of psoriasis should be reappraised due to its higher tolerability in comparison to 8-MOP-UVA treatment.
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PMID:A reappraisal of the use of 5-methoxypsoralen in the therapy of psoriasis. 136 9

Epidural administration of an opioid analgesic by means of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) system was compared with conventional intravenous PCA for pain relief after cesarean delivery. One hundred seventeen healthy women were randomly assigned to receive hydromorphone either intravenously (IV-PCA) or epidurally (EPI-PCA) after cesarean delivery with epidural bupivacaine for operative anesthesia. The hydromorphone requirements were 3.4 and 4.2 times more in the IV-PCA group on the first (P less than 0.01) and second (P less than 0.01) postoperative days, respectively. The mean number (+/- SD) of PCA demands during the first 24 h after the operation was 105 (+/- 88) for the IV-PCA group and 33 (+/- 48) for the EPI-PCA group (P less than 0.01). This difference was also significant 24-48 h after surgery. Although the EPI-PCA group utilized significantly less opioid medication, pain and sedation scores were similar in the two treatment groups; however, a significantly larger percentage of patients in the IV-PCA group (46% vs 22%) stated that they felt drowsy during the first postoperative day. Pruritus was reported more frequently in the EPI-PCA (67%) than in the IV-PCA (33%) group. Nausea was experienced by only 10% of patients in the IV-PCA and 6% in the EPI-PCA group. There was no evidence of postoperative respiratory depression, with minimal oxygen saturation values of 93% (+/- 3%) and 94% (+/- 1%) in the IV-PCA and EPI-PCA groups, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidural patient-controlled analgesia: an alternative to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain relief after cesarean delivery. 137 7


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