Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 49-year-old man with an 11 year history of NIDDM presented hypercalcemic and with acute on chronic renal failure. His only symptoms were mild anorexia and nausea. Four years previously he had been diagnosed as having lipoid pneumonia, with classical histological findings. On this admission, serum parathyroid hormone was suppressed and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels elevated. The cause of his hypercalcemia presumably was ectopic 1 hydroxylation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in the chronic granulomata in his lungs. It should be emphasised that any chronic granulomatous disease, and not just sarcoidosis, may be a cause of hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia and lipoid pneumonia. 263 65

We studied all patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were admitted to our 800-bed adult acute care hospital from 1 November 1981 to 15 March 1987. The 719 patients had a mean age of 63.2 years; 18% were admitted from nursing homes, and 18% required ventilatory assistance as part of the therapy for pneumonia. Patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia were significantly older; had a higher mortality (40% vs. 17%); were more likely to be admitted in January; were less likely to complain of cough, fever, anorexia, chills, headache, nausea, sore throat, myalgia, or arthralgia; and were more likely to be confused than those admitted from the community. Pneumonia of unknown etiology and aspiration pneumonia were more common and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection less common among those with nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 58% of the 48 cases of bacteremia. None of the bacteremic patients received antibiotics before admission, compared with 34% of the nonbacteremic patients. Aerobic gram-negative rod bacteremia was not more frequent among nursing home patients than among those from the community. The overall mortality was 21% (8.5% for those less than 60 years of age and 28.6% for those greater than 60 years old). By multivariate analysis the following variables were significant predictors of mortality: number of lobes involved by the pneumonic process, number of antibiotics used to treat the pneumonia, age, admission from a nursing home, ventilatory support, and the number of complications that occurred while the patient was in the hospital.
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PMID:Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study. 277 65

Interferon-alpha (IFN-a) or 2'-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin; DCF) have each been shown to be highly active in hairy-cell leukemia (HCL). In this phase II study of the Leukemia Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the efficacy and toxicity of DCF were investigated in patients who were resistant to IFN-a treatment. Resistance was defined as: (1) progressive disease (PD) under IFN-a therapy for more than 2 months; (2) stable disease (SD) after more than 6 months of IFN-a treatment; (3) relapse within 3 months of discontinuing IFN-a; and (4) intolerance to IFN-a because of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 or 4 toxicity. DCF was applied at a dosage of 4 mg/m2 weekly x 3, then 4 mg/m2 every other week x 3. Responders were given a maintenance therapy once per month for a maximum of 6 months. At the time of report, 33 patients with resistant disease were evaluable for response and toxicity. Median duration of IFN-a therapy before DCF administration was 14.7 months (range, 1 to 41 months). Complete remissions (CRs) were achieved in 11 patients and partial remissions (PRs) in 15, resulting in a total response rate of 78.8%. Median interval between beginning of DCF therapy to best response was 3.9 months with a range from 2.0 to 7.0 months. Two patients who achieved PR have relapsed 7 and 14 months after cessation of DCF therapy. The median duration of response was over 11.5 months (range, over 3.0 to over 24.0 months). Three patients died within the first 6 weeks of DCF treatment: one of drug-unrelated cardiomyopathy and two of fungal pneumonia. The patients with early death (n = 3) and nonresponsive disease (n = 4) received IFN-a treatment for a longer period (median, 18.0 months) than did the 26 responsive patients (median, 10.0 months). Major side effects included nausea, skin rash, and infections and were otherwise mild. Thus, DCF is highly active in patients with HCL resistant to IFN-a.
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PMID:Response to pentostatin in hairy-cell leukemia refractory to interferon-alpha. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Cooperative Group. 278 73

Survival of patients who have clinical stage IIIM0 non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma remains relatively short despite treatment with either surgery or radiation. Results from a phase II study of simultaneous continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and split-course radiation with or without surgery indicate that median survival duration in patients treated with this combined modality approach may be better than the median survival for patients treated with radiation alone. Etoposide has been added to this regimen, and 32 stage IIIM0 non-small cell lung cancer patients have been treated with the 3-drug regimen resulting in a 73% clinical partial remission rate. No residual tumor was found in 6 of 12 patients who had pulmonary resection after 4 courses of chemotherapy and radiation. The sites of failure in 8 patients with recurrent disease are as follows: local only, 3; distant only, 4; and local and distant, 1. The major toxicities have been leukopenia, nausea, and vomiting. The median leukocyte nadir was 2,400/mm3. A leukocyte count less than 1,000/mm3 was observed in 2 patients (7%), 1 of whom died of progressive pneumonia. All patients experienced nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Severe esophagitis, dermatitis, and pneumonitis were not observed. Survival analysis has not been done because median follow-up time (326 days) is relatively short.
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PMID:Phase II trial of therapy with etoposide, 5-fluorouracil by continuous infusion, cisplatin, and simultaneous split-course radiation in stage III non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 283 68

A total of 314 immunocompromised patients with serious cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection treated with ganciclovir administered intravenously were studied. Rates of favorable clinical response among evaluatable patients were 91 (84%) of 108 for CMV retinitis, 35 (83%) of 42 for gastrointestinal CMV infection, and 26 (72%) of 36 for CMV pneumonia. Of 167 treated patients who had AIDS, improvement or stabilization of CMV disease occurred in 83% as compared with 13% of 39 untreated, historical control patients with AIDS and similar CMV disease (P less than or equal to .004). Virologic response was noted in 111 (92%) of 121 patients who had sequential cultures of blood, urine, or throat washings for CMV. In an attempt to prevent relapse of CMV disease after discontinuation of ganciclovir, maintenance treatment was evaluated in a group of 61 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis who had received an initial dosage of greater than or equal to 7.5 mg/(kg.d) for greater than or equal to 10 days. Median time to relapse of retinitis was 47 days in patients not receiving maintenance treatment as compared with 105 days in patients treated with 25-35 mg/(kg.w) (P = .0002). Adverse effects of treatment included neutropenia (42%), thrombocytopenia (19%), central nervous system effects (18%), nausea (6%), fever (6%), rash (6%), vomiting, diarrhea, infusion site reactions, and anemia (4% each). It was concluded that ganciclovir has clinical efficacy against CMV disease, as well as an in vivo antiviral effect, and that this agent reduces morbidity of serious CMV infections in immunocompromised patients.
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PMID:Ganciclovir treatment of life- or sight-threatening cytomegalovirus infection: experience in 314 immunocompromised patients. 284 86

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.
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PMID:The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. 289 21

Long-term results are presented in 60 patients (4 to 50 years old) who underwent a diaphragmatic graft procedure for relief of cardiospasm (achalasia) from 1962 through 1987. The operative technique involves construction of a pedicle flap of diaphragm. The muscular defect on the lower segment of the esophagus and the transplanted diaphragmatic pedicle that is sutured to the defect must be the same size. Immediate operative results were good. Only one complication developed, a case of pneumonia that was cured. The patients were followed up from 11 months to 25 years. Two patients were lost to follow-up, 55 had excellent results, and three patients still had nausea and heartburn but were better than before the operation. This procedure has three advantages: (1) It prevents the development of fistulas and diverticula at the site of the esophageal muscular defect; (2) it effectively eliminates both restenosis resulting from scar tissue and reflux esophagitis; and (3) it allows the cardia to recover its normal function and the esophagus to return to normal size at the site of the operation.
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PMID:Treatment of esophageal achalasia (cardiospasm) with diaphragmatic graft. Twenty-five years' experience. 292 62

"Environmental tobacco smoke" (ETS) is the term used to characterize tobacco combustion products inhaled by nonsmokers in the proximity of burning tobacco. Over 3800 compounds are in tobacco smoke, many of which are known carcinogens. Most ETS exposure is from sidestream smoke emitted from the burning tip of the cigarette. Sidestream smoke is hazardous because it contains high concentrations of ammonia, benzene, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and many carcinogens. Nonsmokers chronically exposed to ETS are believed to assume health risks similar to those of a light smoker. Children of parents who smoke have more respiratory infections, more hospitalizations for bronchitis and pneumonia, and a smaller rate of increase in lung function compared to children of parents who do not smoke, particularly during the first year of life. Among adults with preexisting health conditions such as allergies, chronic lung conditions, and angina, the symptoms of these conditions are exacerbated by exposure to ETS. The acute health effects among healthy adults include headaches, nausea, and irritation of the eyes and nasal mucous membranes. The evidence for a relationship between ETS and cancer at sites other than lung is insufficient to draw any positive conclusions. For lung cancer, studies have consistently shown an excess risk between 10% and 300%, with a summary relative risk of 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.5). A dose-response relation is suggested but difficult to assess completely. Histologic types of lung cancer are generally similar to those most closely associated with active smoking, although other histologic types have also been found. Both excess relative risks and the dose responses are underestimates of the true excess risk and of the range of dose-response effect. Although the temporal relationship between exposure and disease occurrence is established, many questions are unanswered. The findings are consistent with many known biologic effects of active smoking and are partially analogous to the biologic effects of direct smoke inhalation. As many as 5000 nonsmokers are estimated to die annually from lung cancer as a result of exposure to ETS. There is great potential for prevention of these premature deaths. The two major preventive actions are (a) eliminating the source by reducing the amount of direct smoking and (b) limiting the level of exposure by restricting where tobacco can be smoked. Specific preventive actions include smoking cessation, smoking prevention, restriction of advertising, increased taxation on tobacco, and adoption of stringent nonsmoking policies in the workplace, schools, and public places.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Health hazards of passive smoking. 328 40

Erythromycin acistrate (EA)--a new ester of erythromycin--was compared with erythromycin base as enterocoated pellets in capsules (EB enterocapsules) and enterocoated tablets of erythromycin base (EB enterotablets) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. The present double-blind, multicentre study, conducted in eight occupational health centres, included 474 patients; 236 treated with EA, 117 with EB enterocapsules and 121 with EB enterotablets. The diagnoses included tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia. The patients were examined on admission and at the end of the treatment. The dosage of EA was 400 mg tid and that of the two erythromycin base preparations 500 mg tid. The treatment was given for seven to 14 days. In the EA-group, 97% of patients were clinically cured by the end of the treatment, while the cure rates for EB enterocapsules and EB enterotablets were 95% and 94%, respectively. Gastrointestinal side effects were reported by 36% of the patients on EA, 54% on EB enterocapsules and 50% on EB enterotablets. Discontinuations due to adverse effects occurred in 8% in the EA, in 21% in the EB enterocapsule and in 12% in the EB enterotablet groups. All three preparations were thus equally effective, but EA caused statistically significantly less gastrointestinal side effects overall (P less than 0.01), especially nausea (P less than 0.01) and abdominal pain (P less than 0.05), than the two formulations containing erythromycin base. Also discontinuations due to side effects occurred statistically significantly less frequently in the EA-group.
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PMID:Treatment of respiratory tract infections with erythromycin acistrate and two formulations of erythromycin base. 339 72

Eighteen patients in a neurosurgery intensive care unit who had nosocomial pneumonia and/or bacteremia were treated with imipenem/cilastatin. The 16 patients who were evaluable had pneumonia; 4 of these had concurrent bacteremia. Eleven patients had a satisfactory clinical response (69 percent) and all patients with positive blood cultures had the organism eradicated. There were 44 organisms isolated from the initial culture of bronchial secretion and 32 of these organisms were gram-negative bacilli (72.5 percent). One patient with pneumonia who initially had Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to imipenem developed resistance during therapy. Adverse effects were minimal; one case of nausea occurred, which was thought to be related to a short infusion time. The most prominent laboratory abnormality was an increase in platelet count, seen in 50 percent of treated patients.
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PMID:Clinical outcome of nosocomial pneumonia following imipenem/cilastatin therapy. 347 33


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