Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 47-year-old man had an episode of severe respiratory failure after acute intoxication with arsenic. Features of the initial clinical presentation included nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, acute psychosis, diffuse skin rash, and marked pancytopenia. A peripheral neuropathy then developed which resulted in severe weakness of all muscles of the limbs, the shoulder and pelvis girdles, and the trunk. The neuropathy continued to progress despite treatment with dimercaprol (BAL in oil). Five weeks after the initial exposure, the patient was no longer able to maintain adquate ventilation and required mechanical ventilatory support. Improvement in the patient's neuromuscular status permitted successful weaning from the ventilator after one month of mechanical ventilation. Long-term follow-up revealed no further respiratory difficulty and slow improvement in the strength of the peripheral muscles.
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PMID:Acute respiratory failure following severe arsenic poisoning. 22 46

Homoharringtonine (HHT) is one of several cephalotaxine alkaloids that has shown clinical efficacy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In a phase I trial we evaluated cytarabine 100 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 7 days in combination with four dose levels of HHT ranging from 1.5-5 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 7 days to see if an effective regimen could be developed. Twenty-two patients with relapsed and/or primary refractory AML were treated. Seventeen males and five females were treated, with a median age of 40 years (range 19-63). There were five remissions in 14 patients with relapsed AML and none of eight responders in patients with primary refractory AML. None of the three patients treated at 1.5 mg/m2 dose level of HHT responded. Of three patients treated at the 3 mg/m2 dose level, there was one complete remission. At both 4 mg/m2 and 5 mg/m2, two of eight patients achieved complete remission. Four of the five remissions occurred in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Drug induced pancytopenia was universal, and hypotension and fluid retention were more common at the higher dose levels. Other toxicity was mild and included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. No significant hepatic, renal, or cardiac toxicity was seen. We conclude that the dose of HHT 4 mg/m2 for 7 days by continuous infusion in combination with cytarabine is safe for patients with AML; and this combination is appropriate for a phase II evaluation.
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PMID:Homoharringtonine in combination with cytarabine for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. 143 3

We conducted a phase II evaluation of edatrexate in 17 previously untreated patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; 14 patients had at least one month of therapy. The initial dose was 80 mg/m2iv. Treatment was administered weekly for 5 weeks, then every other week. Toxicity was generally mild. The median WBC nadir was 5.4 (range 0.6-7.4) x 10(3)/microliters, and the median platelet nadir was 164.0 (range 62.0-341.0) x 10(3)/microliters. One patient died with sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with pancytopenia. Five patients had a mild rash. Nausea occurred in 6 patients, including 3 who had vomiting. In addition, 11 patients complained of vague malaise which seemed to begin within 24-48 hours after administration of edatrexate, and lasted for 2 to 3 days, resolving within 6 days of drug administration. Median survival was 85 days. Although 5 patients had stable disease, including one with relief of pain, no major responses were seen, excluding, with 95% confidence, a response rate in excess of 20%.
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PMID:Phase II trial of edatrexate in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 148 6

Fourteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer were treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue. All patients received cyclophosphamide (7.5 g/m2 over 3 days) and thiotepa (150-225 mg/m2 over 3 days), three patients in addition received melphalan (4.5 mg/kg), and seven patients received carmustine (150-562 mg/m2). Toxicities included pancytopenia, infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. There was one toxic death secondary to sepsis and ventricular tachycardia. The overall response rate was 77% including a 15% complete response rate. The overall median survival for all patients was 6.0 months (range 2-22 months). The median survival for nonresponders was 3.5 months. The median duration of response was 89 days (range 40-262). In our experience high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell reinfusion produces a high response rate in refractory breast cancer. However, because of the short duration of response and overall survival, we feel this type of therapy should be utilized earlier in the course of disease.
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PMID:High dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support in the treatment of refractory stage IV breast carcinoma. 250 79

It is very common for intraarterial infusion therapy of some anticancer agent to be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma. In this case, the patient was a 74-year-old man who suffered from very advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus of the intrahepatic portal vein and IVC. He was treated with intraarterial infusion of CDDP, Etoposide, 5-FU, through a catheter placed in the proper hepatic artery. CDDP (30 mg/day) and Etoposide (60 mg/day) were given once every 5 days, and then 5-FU(250 mg/day) was infused daily for 26 days. The patient underwent this protocol study twice in 3 months. After the intraarterial infusion, transarterial embolization using CDDP (100 mg) powder added to lipiodol and aluminum stearate as suspension was done a month later. The tumor regression rate was 84% after intraarterial infusion of CDDP, Etoposide and 5-FU. The tumor thrombus in the intrahepatic portal vein and IVC had completely disappeared. We could not find lipiodol accumulated in the tumor after TAE. Thus, we assumed that the remaining tumor was a necrotic scar and that a complete response was obtained in the patient. There were some side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, pancytopenia and gastritis but no severe complication occurred.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated by intraarterial infusion of CDDP and other agents]. 255 Dec 53

A 67-year-old man was admitted in October 1987 with complaints of nausea, headache, dizziness and speech disturbance. Hematological examination showed pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration failed with a dry tap. A month later, the second aspiration showed hypocellular marrow containing 18.2% of lymphoma cells. Physical examination showed splenomegaly and lymph node swelling. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was not observed. A lymph node biopsy exhibited typical histology of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T cell lymphoma. Surface marker CD3 and CD4 positive cells were dominant. The patient complained of epigastric pain and occult blood was positive in stool. Gastrofiberscopic examination disclosed well differentiated adenocarcinoma in situ located on a polyp, and polypectomy was performed. Lymphoma was treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vinblastine and prednisolone. Splenomegaly and lymph node swelling were reduced in size but the effect was temporary. Thereafter the patient has been treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vindesine, prednisolone and etoposide every 3 weeks. This is our first case report of IBL-like T cell lymphoma associated with early gastric cancer.
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PMID:[IBL-like T cell lymphoma associated with early gastric cancer: a case report]. 278 12

A multicenter prospective randomized trial of four versus six weeks of amphotericin B, 0.3 mg/kg per day, plus flucytosine, 150 mg/kg per day, was performed with 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. One or more toxic drug reactions developed in 103 patients: azotemia (51), renal tubular acidosis (two), leukopenia (30), thrombocytopenia (22), diarrhea (26), nausea/vomiting (10), and hepatitis (13). The four- and six-week regimens were complicated by toxicity in 44 percent and 43 percent of cases, respectively. Toxicity appeared during the first two weeks of therapy in 56 percent and during the first four weeks in 87 percent. Azotemia did not occur more frequently in renal transplant recipients or diabetic patients. Cytopenias did not appear more often in patients with hematologic malignancies or those receiving immunosuppressive therapies. Toxic reactions that contributed to death developed in five patients (two with azotemia, one with pancytopenia, one with hepatitis, one with ileus). Amphotericin B-induced azotemia was not a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of bone marrow, gastrointestinal, or hepatic toxicity attributable to flucytosine. Flucytosine toxicity was associated with peak serum flucytosine levels of 100 micrograms/ml or more during two or more weeks of therapy (p = 0.005). Peak 5-fluorouracil levels were not predictive of toxicity. An initial dose of flucytosine is recommended based on the creatinine clearance: 150 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance above 50 ml/minute, 75 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance of 26 to 50 ml/minute, and 37 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance of 13 to 25 ml/minute. The serum creatinine level should be monitored twice weekly and the creatinine clearance weekly during therapy in order to anticipate changes in serum flucytosine concentration. In addition, it is recommended that the serum flucytosine level be determined two hours after an oral dose once a week, and that the dose be adjusted to maintain a level of 50 to 100 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. 330 26

Fifteen patients with a median age of 58 years, having multiple myeloma resistant to conventional combinations of cytotoxic drugs, received sequential half-body irradiation as salvage therapy. Response was obtained in 53% (n = 8: group 1); this was objective in 40% (n = 6), being defined as 50% or greater reduction in paraprotein, clearance of light chains from the urine, or an unequivocal decrease in tumor bulk on an adequate marrow trephine biopsy; a further 13% (n = 2) just failed to meet these criteria but nevertheless had excellent subjective response. Median survival was 24 months. No objective or subjective improvement occurred in 47% (n = 7: group 2); median transient survival was 4 months. Short-term toxicity was limited to transient nausea in 30% (n = 5) and protracted pancytopenia in about one-half of the patients (n = 7), who remain dependent on intermittent RBC transfusions. Morbidity is only moderate, and the response rate of 53% in refractory patients suggests that sequential half-body irradiation has a definite place in managing patients with end-stage disseminated myelomatosis.
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PMID:Sequential half-body irradiation as salvage therapy in chemotherapy-resistant multiple myeloma. 335 60

Eight patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) complicated by pancytopenia were treated with low dose regimens of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF). All patients had significant haematological and clinical improvement. One patient who had been splenectomized and five patients with mild to moderate splenomegaly achieved normal blood counts within 2 months, which have been maintained for up to 18 months. Complete remissions occurred in two patients and four patients had 50-95% marrow clearance of hairy cells. The initial DCF treatments produced a 1-3 g/dl fall in the haemoglobin levels and one patient had a temporary reduction in granulocyte and platelet counts. Five patients had nausea/vomiting, and/or lethargy following DCF, but there was no correlation between the plasma levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine and the incidence or severity of these side effects. An increased incidence of infection and drug hypersensitivity may reflect the effects of DCF on the immune system. Low dose DCF is a highly effective agent in HCL.
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PMID:The treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin. 348 71

A phase I study with human lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) was conducted in 31 patients with malignant tumors. IFN-alpha was administered by intravenous drip infusion, intramuscular injection or local injection. In each patient, the dose was increased in 6 steps from 3 X 10(6) IU/body up to 54 X 10(6) IU/body for the purpose of investigating the safety, optimal regimen, pharmacokinetics and antitumor effect. The following findings were obtained: 1) Fever as a side effect was most frequently (in about 80%) found. However, the temperature did not exceed 40 degrees C in most cases and, on the next day, spontaneously fell to normal. 2) The dose-limiting factors (DLF) may include the subjective symptoms of anorexia, general fatigue and nausea/vomiting and the objective symptom of pancytopenia. 3) The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was estimated to be between 36 X 10(6) and 54 X 10(6) IU/body per dose. 4) As for the route of administration, the intramuscular one was considered most suitable on the basis of the plasma concentration profile of INF-alpha. It was therefore concluded that the drug may be further submitted to a phase II study which is to be conducted with due consideration of its safety.
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PMID:[Phase I study of human lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon on malignant tumor]. 396 61


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